Prefix-Suffix-Root List by Grade Level
嚜燕refix-Suffix-Root List by Grade Level
(Generally, prefixes and suffixes change the meanings of roots, but it is usually the suffix that denotes the part of speech.)
1st Grade
Prefix
nd
2 Grade
Prefix
Suffix
Definition
Examples
-s,-es
plural, more than one
-ing
action/ process
-ed
past tense
hats, pigs, boxes,
wishes
helping, skipping,
running, seeing,
thinking
jumped, helped
Suffix
dis-er
-est
disin-
Additional
Information
Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon
Present participle of
verb
Anglo-Saxon
Past tense verb
(Please review affixes from prior grade.)
unre-
3rd Grade
Prefix
Origin
Definition
Examples
not/ opposite
again/ back
unlock, unsafe
reread, rewrite,
return
dislike, distrust
teacher, writer,
baker, bigger,
colder, taller
biggest, coldest,
tallest
not/ opposite of
person connected
with/ comparative
degree
superlative degree
Origin
Additional
Information
Anglo-Saxon
Latin
Latin
Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon
Usually an adjective
(Please review affixes from prior grades.)
Suffix
Definition
Examples
not/ opposite of
not
dislike, distrust
inactive, insane,
1
Origin
Latin
Latin
Additional
Information
-ful
-less
-y
-ly
4th Grade
Prefix
inexpensive
beautiful, painful
careless, helpless
cloudy, fishy
badly, friendly,
quickly
full of
without
characterized by/ like
characteristic of
Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon
Usually an adjective
Usually an adverb
(Please review affixes from prior grades.)
Suffix
Definition
Examples
under-
too little/ below
Anglo-Saxon
overnonprebitriquad-
too much/ above
not
before
two
three
four
oct-ion, 每ation
每sion, -tion
eight
act of/ state of/
result of
underfed,
underground
overdone, overhead
nonfat, nonsense
preplan, pretest
bicycle, binocular
tricycle, triangle
quadrilateral,
quadrant
octagon, octopus
attention, vision,
invitation
-ness
-ly
condition/ state of
characteristic of
darkness, fairness
badly, friendly,
quickly
act/ process
Anglo-Saxon
Anglo-Saxon
-ment
-er, -or
one who/ that which
baker, boxer,
conductor, survivor
2
Origin
Additional
Information
Anglo-Saxon
Latin
Latin
Latin
Latin/ Greek
Latin
Latin/ Greek
Anglo-Saxon
enjoyment,
replacement
Latin
Noun
(See 6th grade for
explanation)
Usually a noun
Usually an adverb
Latin
Usually a noun
Use 每or with Latin
roots for nouns
(inventor, elevator)
Use 每er with
Anglo-Saxon roots
(heater, swimmer)
5th Grade
Prefix
(Please review affixes from prior grades.)
Suffix
Definition
Examples
semi-
half
Latin
super-
above/ on top
of/ beyond
multi-
many/ much
poly-
many/ much
tele-
distant/far
semicircle,
semicolon
superfine,
superhuman,
supersonic
multicolor,
multifamily
polygon,
polysyllable
Television,
telephone
mis-
mid-
middle
sub-
deca- deci-
under, beneath,
below/
secondary
ten
misbehave,
misread,
misspell
intercept,
interview,
interstate
midnight,
midweek
subway, subsoil,
substitute
Latin
inter-
bad or badly/
wrong or
wrongly
between
Latin/ Greek
kilo-
1,000
milli- mille-
1,000
decathlon,
decade,
decimal,
decimeter
kilogram,
kilowatt
millennium,
millimeter
Root
3
Origin
Latin
Latin
Greek
Greek
Latin
Anglo-Saxon
Latin
Greek
Latin
Additional
Information
centi-
100
-able, -ible
can be done
-ian, -an
one having a
certain skill/
relating to/
belonging to
condition of/
skill
-ship
-ist
-logy, -ology
-ism
one who does a
specific action
science of/
study of
act/ belief/
practice of
centimeter,
centipede
enjoyable,
sensible, likable
Latin
electrician,
magician,
American,
suburban
championship,
friendship,
hardship,
leadership
artist, tourist
Latin
-able ending words
have roots that can
stand alone.
enjoyable
-ible ending words
have roots that can
not stand alone.
sensible
Usually a noun
Anglo-Saxon
Usually a noun
Latin/ Greek
Usually a noun
biology,
chronology
patriotism,
idealism,
absenteeism,
Greek
Latin/ Greek
Usually a noun
Usually a noun
-ence and 每ance
sound alike because
of the schwa. 每ence
is used somewhat
more often than 每
ance.
Usually a noun
Latin
-ence, -ance
act/ condition
of
persistence,
excellence,
assistance,
importance
Latin
-ess
feminine
actress, lioness
Latin/ Greek
4
max(i)
great
maximum,
maximize
diameter,
odometer,
metric,
perimeter
photograph,
telephoto,
photocopy
portable,
transport
aquaphobia,
claustrophobic
technophobe
Latin
meter, metr
measure
photo
light
port
to carry
phobia,
phobic,
phobe
irrational fear
or hatred/ one
who fears/
hates
rupt
break/ burst
bankrupt,
rupture,
disruptive
Latin
scrib, script
to write
describe,
manuscript
Latin
gram, graph
written/ drawn
Greek
dict
ject
to say/ tell
to throw
autograph,
paragraph,
telegram
diction, dictator
inject, objection
5
Greek
Greek
Latin
Greek
Latin
Latin
There are names for
more than 500
phobias, most of
which come from the
field of medicine.
FYI: Erupt means to
explode. (The
volcano erupted.)
Irrupt means to rush
or burst in. (The
police irrupted into
the hideout.)
Verbs usually use
scribe, as in
prescribe; nouns
usually use script, as
in prescription.
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