Chapter One The First Humans: Prehistory-3500 BC

[Pages:11]Chapter One The First Humans: Prehistory-3500 BC

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Early Humans

? Early people had no writing skills

? What we know comes from artifacts found by archaeologists and interpreted by anthropologists

? Artifacts are dated through carbon-dating process

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Man's Predecessors

? Louis and Mary Leakey find remains in Olduvai Gorge in East Africa

? "Lucy" found in Ethiopia

? 3.5 million years old ? Australopithecus

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Homo habilis

? "Handy human" ? May have used stone

tools ? 2.5-1.6 million years

ago

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Homo erectus

? Arms and legs in more modern human proportion

? Remains found in Asia ? Probably first hominids

to leave Africa

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Two Kinds of Homo sapiens

? "Wise human"

? Neanderthals--found in German valley

? Homo sapiens sapiens

? Anatomy similar to people today

? Appeared in Africa 150,000 to 200,000 years ago

? Spread to other parts of world 10,000 years ago ("out of Africa" theory)

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Paleolithic Age

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? 2,500,000 BC to 10,000 BC ? "Old Stone Age" ? Food hunters and

gatherers--nomads ? Women stayed closer to

camp to care for children, picked berries ? Men roamed to hunt game ? Sheltered in caves ? Discovered how to use fire ? Survived the Ice Age from 100,000 BC to 8000 BC ? Did cave art

Neolithic Revolution, 8000-4000 BC

? "New Stone Age"

? Farming and domestication of animals begins to grow

? Starts first in the area we call the Middle East

? Nomadic life is forced to the fringes of "civilization"

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