Chapter 1- Toward Civilization (Prehistory-3000 B
Chapter 1- Toward Civilization (Prehistory-3000 B.C.)
Section 1- Understanding Our Past
I. Geography and History:
- Geography: the study of people, their environments and the resources available to them.
- 5 themes of geography that illustrate the impact of geography on people
o A. Location:
▪ Where people are located on the map using latitude and longitude (lat= north/south of equator; long= east/west of PrimeMEridian)
▪ Relative location refers to where something is located in relation to something else
o B. Place:
▪ Physical features (landforms, bodies of water, climate, resources)
▪ Human characteristics (where people live, religious beliefs, languages, economic needs)
o C. Human-Environments Interaction:
▪ This refers to how people interact with the land/resources/etc around them
▪ Technology greatly impacts this
o D. Movement: moving of people, goods, ideas and how that impacts society. One should also keep in mind the causes of such movements (i.e. disease? War? Better economic opportunities?)
o E. Region: This can be based on physical characteristics; culture is also another factor
II. How do we know?
- prehistory: long period of time before people invented systems of writing; no cities, countries, organized gov’t, or inventions existed
- anthropology: the study of the origins and delopment of people and their societies
o anthropologists look at culture: the way of life for a society
- archaeology: study of the past people and culture
o specifically study material remains and/or artifacts (objects made by humans. I.e. jewelry, pottery, etc).
o try to gain an understanding of technology used (the skills/tools people developed to meet their basic needs)
o often work in conjunction with geologists, zoologists, botanists, biologists
III. Historians reconstruct the past
- Historians study how people lived in the past; rely even more on written evidence
- Historians must be able to tell if a source is reliable
- Historians must keep their own bias from interfering with their analysis
- Historians can disagree!
- The first historians emerged thousands of years ago (we read their works to learn about the past!)
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