Does protein intake protect the fetus from maternal stress
Dietary protein: Protection against preterm birth in stressful environments
Louise H. Flick
L.H. Flick, DrPH1, C.L. Cook, PhD2, S.M. Homan, PhD3, M. Mattfield-Beman, PhD4, K. Pierce, BA4, C. Campbell, PhD5, M. McSweeney, PhD6, L. Parnell, MSW7, M.E. Gallagher, PhD8.
1Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, School of Nursing, Edwardsville, Illinois; St. Louis University: Schools of 2Social Service, 3Public Health, and 6Nursing (emerita), 4College of Health Sciences and 8Voices Program, St. Louis, Missouri; 5Tulane University School of Public Health, New Orleans, Louisiana, 7St. Luke's Hospital, Chesterfield, Missouri; USA.
BACKGROUND: Maternal stress in pregnancy inhibits fetal growth and increases risk of preterm birth yet only about 10% of the stress hormone cortisol crosses the placenta. Animal studies indicate that the placenta produces an enzyme that blocks placental transfer of cortisol. When protein consumption in mother rats is below recommended pregnancy levels, enzyme production ceases and cortisol transfer increases 10-fold.
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that environmental stress interacts with prenatal protein consumption in human mothers in the prediction of gestational age and preterm birth.
MATERIALS & METHODS: In a representative, prospective cohort study of low-income pregnant women, we analyzed data from pregnancy assessments of 500 women enrolled in a prenatal poverty nutrition program. Women were 60% African American and 40% Caucasian with 72% residing in rural area in the Midwest, with the remainder being urban; 25.8% reported protein intake below 85% of the US National Academy of Sciences' recommended daily allowance (RDA) for pregnancy, 16% of births were preterm ( ................
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