Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses - Online Community College

[Pages:16]Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses

Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses

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Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses Notes

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Notes

Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses

Table of Content

Conjugation

4

Beginner's Reference

5

How to Conjugate Regular Spanish Verbs

6

Present Tense

7

Present Progressive

10

Preterite

11

Imperfect

14

Formal Commands

15

Present Subjunctive

16

Affirmative Informal Commands

19

Negative Informal Commands

19

Future Tense

20

Conditional

21

Present Perfect

22

Past Perfect

23

Imperfect Subjunctive

24

Present Perfect Subjunctive

27

Conditional Perfect

27

Pluperfect Subjunctive

28

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Conjugation

Conjugation is the process of changing a verb to agree with a subject, so the verb reflects who or what is doing the action. In addition, the verb's conjugation will show when the action occurred: the present, the past, the future, etc. Spanish verbs consist of two parts: the stem and the ending. Together, the stem and the ending are referred to as the infinitive. When conjugating a verb, the stem will remain while the ending will change. In Spanish, there are three endings: -ar, -er, and -ir. For example, in the infinitive "hablar" (to talk), the stem is "habl-" and the ending is "-ar." Most verbs are conjugated by taking the ending off of the infinitive and adjusting the verb's ending to agree with the subject (see page 6 for further practice). However, there are some irregular verbs that do not follow these conjugations, such as ser, o?r, and hacer. Therefore, this booklet also contains a list of common irregular verbs with each verb tense.

Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses Notes

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yo t? ?l/ella/Ud. nosotros vosotros ellos/ellas/Uds.

Pluperfect Subjunctive

hubiera hubieras hubiera hubi?ramos hubierais hubieran

-ado (-AR verbs) + -ido (-ER/-IR verbs)

Examples:

Yo dudaba que t? hubieras hablado. I doubted that you had/would have talked.

Nosotros esper?bamos que ellos hubieran comido. We were hoping that they had/would have eaten.

Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses Beginner's Reference

yo

t? ?l ella Usted (Ud.)

nosotros

I

you he she you (Formal)

we

vosotros

you all (Informal)

ellos

ellas Ustedes (Uds.)

they (Masculine) they (Feminine) you all (Formal)

First Person (Singular) Second Person (Singular) (Informal) Third Person (Singular) (Formal)

First person (Plural)

Third Person (Plural)

(Informal)

Third Person (Plural) (Formal)

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How to Conjugate Regular Spanish Verbs

Follow these three steps to conjugate a regular verb: 1. Locate and remove the ending of the verb. 2. Choose the correct conjugation for the person, object, or thing doing the action. 3. Add the conjugation to the stem.

Let's practice on comer (to eat) and conjugate it to say "I eat": 1. The ending of comer is -er, so the ending is removed, leaving only the stem, com-. 2. The correct conjugation for yo (I) is -o (see present tense ?ER chart on page 7). 3. -o is added to com- to create the conjugated verb, como.

Let's try one more, vivir (to live), and conjugate it to say "We live." 1. Vivir Vivir Viv2. -imos (see present tense ?IR verb chart on page 7) 3. Viv + imos = Vivimos

yo t? ?l/ella/Ud. nosotros vosotros ellos/ellas/Uds.

Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses Present Perfect Subjunctive

haya hayas haya hayamos hay?is hayan

-ado (-AR verbs) + -ido (-ER/-IR verbs)

Examples: Yo espero que t? hayas hablado. I hope that you have talked. Es imposible que ?l haya comido. It is impossible that he has eaten.

yo t? ?l/ella/Ud. nosotros vosotros ellos/ellas/Uds.

Conditional Perfect

habr?a habr?as habr?a habr?amos habr?ais habr?an

-ado (-AR verbs) + -ido (-ER/-IR verbs)

Examples: Ella habr?a hablado. Ellos habr?an comido.

She would have talked. They would have eaten.

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Imperfect Subjunctive: Common Irregular Verbs

Pensar (to think) - pensara, pensaras, pensara, pens?ramos, pensarais, pensaran

Poder (can, to be able to) - pudiera, pudieras, pudiera, pudi?ramos, pudierais, pudieran

Poner (to put, to turn on TV/radio) - pusiera, pusieras, pusiera, pusi?ramos, pusierais, pusieran

Preferir (to prefer) - prefiriera, prefirieras, prefiriera, prefiri?ramos, prefirierais, prefirieran

Producir (to produce) - produjera, produjeras, produjera, produj?ramos, produjerais, produjeran

Querer (to want) - quisiera, quisieras, quisiera, quisi?ramos, quisierais, quisieran

Recoger (to pick up) - recogiera, recogieras, recogiera, recogi?ramos, recogierais, recogieran

Recordar (to remember) - recordara, recordaras, recordara, record?ramos, recordarais, recordaran

Saber (to know, to know how) - supiera, supieras, supiera, supi?ramos, supierais, supieran

Sacar (to get, to take out) - sacara, sacaras, sacara, sac?ramos, sacarais, sacaran

Salir (to leave, to go out) - saliera, salieras, saliera, sali?ramos, salierais, salieran

Seguir (to follow, to continue) - siguiera, siguieras, siguiera, sigui?ramos, siguierais, siguieran

Sentir (to feel sorry) - sintiera, sintieras, sintiera, sinti?ramos, sintierais, sintieran

Tener (to have) - tuviera, tuvieras, tuviera, tuvi?ramos, tuvierais, tuvieran

Traer (to bring) - trajera, trajeras, trajera, traj?ramos, trajerais, trajeran

Venir (to come) - viniera, vinieras, viniera, vini?ramos, vinierais, vinieran Ver (to see) - viera, vieras, viera, vi?ramos, vierais, vieran

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Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses Present Text

-AR

yo

-o

t?

-as

?l/ella/Ud. -a

nosotros

-amos

vosotros

-?is

ellos/ellas/Uds. -an

-ER

yo

-o

t?

-es

?l/ella/Ud. -e

nosotros

-emos

vosotros

-?is

ellos/ellas/Uds. -en

-IR

yo

-o

t?

-es

?l/ella/Ud. -e

nosotros

-imos

vosotros

-?s

ellos/ellas/Uds. -en

Examples: Nosotros hablamos. T? comes.

We talk. You eat.

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Present Tense: Common Irregular Verbs

Irregular in "yo" form

Dar (to give, to hand) - doy, das, da, damos, dais, dan Estar (to be) - estoy, est?s, est?, estamos, est?is, est?n Ir (to go) - voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van Saber (to know, to know how) - s?, sabes, sabe, sabemos, sab?is, saben Ser (to be) - soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son Ver (to see) - veo, ves, ve, vemos, v?is, ven

"Go" Verbs

Hacer (to do, to make) - hago, haces, hace, hacemos, hac?is, hacen O?r (to hear) - oigo, oyes, oye, o?mos, o?s, oyen Poner (to put, to turn on TV/radio) - pongo, pones, pone, ponemos, pon?is, ponen Salir (to leave, to go out) - salgo, sales, sale, salimos, sal?s, salen Tener (to have) - tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, ten?is, tienen Traer (to bring) - traigo, traes, trae, traemos, tra?is, traen Venir (to come) - vengo, vienes, viene, venimos, ven?s, vienen

"e-ie" stem changers

Despertarse (to wake up) - me despierto, te despiertas, se despierta, nos despertamos, os despert?is, se despiertan Pensar (to think) - pienso, piensas, piensa, pensamos, pens?is, piensan Preferir (to prefer) - prefiero, prefieres, prefiere, preferimos, prefer?s, pre- fieren Querer (to want) - quiero, quieres, quiere, queremos, quer?is, quieren Sentarse (to sit down) - me siento, te sientas, se sienta, nos sentamos, os

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Guide to Spanish Verb Tenses Imperfect Subjunctive: Common Irregular Verbs Empezar (to begin, to start) - empezara, empezaras, empezara, empez?ramos, empezarais, empezaran Entender (to understand) - entendiera, entendieras, entendiera, entendi?ramos, entendierais, entendieran Escoger (to choose) - escogiera, escogieras, escogiera, escogi?ramos, escogierais, escogieran Estar (to be) - estuviera, estuvieras, estuviera, estuvi?ramos, estuvierais, estuvieran Hacer (to do, to make) - hiciera, hicieras, hiciera, hici?ramos, hicierais, hicieran Incluir (to include, to enclose) - incluyera, incluyeras, incluyera, incluy?ramos, incluyerais, incluyeran Introducir (to introduce) - introdujera, introdujeras, introdujera, introduj?ramos, introdujerais, introdujeran Ir (to go)/Ser (to be) - fuera, fueras, fuera, fu?ramos, fuerais, fueran Jugar (to play a game/sport) - jugara, jugaras, jugara, jug?ramos, jugarais, jugaran Leer (to read) - leyera, leyeras, leyera, ley?ramos, leyerais, leyeran Mantener (to maintain) - mantuviera, mantuvieras, mantuviera, mantuvi?ramos, mantuvierais, mantuvieran Morir (to die) - muriera, murieras, muriera, muri?ramos, murierais, murieran Obtener (to obtain, to get) - obtuviera, obtuvieras, obtuviera, obtuvi?ramos, obtuvierais, obtuvieran O?r (to hear) - oyera, oyeras, oyera, oy?ramos, oyerais, oyeran Pagar (to pay) - pagara, pagaras, pagara, pag?ramos, pagarais, pagaran Pedir (to ask for, to request) - pidiera, pidieras, pidiera, pidi?ramos, pidierais, pidieran

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