French Verbs booklet



When to use it:

• Current actions and situations; what is happening at the moment

Je suis fatigué./I am tired. ; Nous allons au marché./We are going to the market.

• Habitual actions; what happens usually/normally

Il va à l'école tous les jours./He goes to school every day. ; Je visite des musées le samedi./I visit museums on Saturdays.

• Absolute and general truths

La terre est ronde./The earth is round. ; L'éducation est important./Education is important.

• Actions which will occur immediately

J'arrive !/I'll be right there! ; Il part tout de suite./He is leaving right away.

• Conditions, such as in si clauses

Si je peux, j'irai avec toi./If I can, I will go with you. ; Si vous voulez./If you like.

Meaning in English:

• I speak.

• I am speaking.

• I do speak.

Time phrases:

Tous les jours (everyday), chaque jour (everyday), chaque matin (every morning), parfois (sometimes), etc.

Formation:

regular –er verbs

• Drop –er to get the stem.

• Add the endings to the stem.

|je |parle |nous |parlons |

|tu |parles |vous |parlez |

|il |parle |ils |parlent |

parler – to talk/to speak

|je/j’ |-e |nous (person + moi) |-ons |

|tu |-es |vous (person + toi) |-ez |

|il/elle/on/ |-e |ils/elles/more than |-ent |

|one person | |one person | |

regular –ir verbs

• Drop –ir to get the stem.

• Add the endings to the stem.

|je |finis |nous |finissons |

|tu |finis |vous |finissez |

|il |finit |ils |finissent |

finir – finish

|je/j’ |-is |nous (person + moi) |-issons |

|tu |-is |vous (person + toi) |-issez |

|il/elle/on/ |-it |ils/elles/more than |-issent |

|one person | |one person | |

regular –re verbs

• Drop –re to get the stem.

• Add the endings to the stem.

|je |perds |nous |perdons |

|tu |perds |vous |perdez |

|il |perd |ils |perdent |

perdre – to lose

|je/j’ |-s |nous (person + moi) |-ons |

|tu |-s |vous (person + toi) |-ez |

|il/elle/on/ |-- |ils/elles/more than |-ent |

|one person | |one person | |

big four irregulars:

avoir – to have être – to be

|j’ |ai |nous |avons |

|tu |as |vous |avez |

|il |a |ils |ont |

|je |suis |nous |sommes |

|tu |es |vous |êtes |

|il |est |ils |sont |

|je |fais |nous |faisons |

|tu |fais |vous |faites |

|il |fait |ils |font |

aller – to go faire – to do/to make

|je |vais |nous |allons |

|tu |vas |vous |allez |

|il |va |ils |vont |

irregular –er verbs

stem changers

• –ayer, -oyer, -uyer

o –ayer verbs have an OPTIONAL stem change. The y changes to an i inside the boot. However, it is equally acceptable to keep the y and conjugate –ayer verbs like regular –er verbs.

▪ verb conjugation group: balayer (to sweep), effrayer (to frighten), essayer (to try), payer (to pay)

payer – to pay (stem change) payer – to pay (no stem change)

|je |paie |nous |payons |

|tu |paies |vous |payez |

|il |paie |ils |paient |

|je |paye |nous |payons |

|tu |payes |vous |payez |

|il |paye |ils |payent |

   

o –oyer verbs MUST change y to i inside the boot.

▪ verb conjugation group: broyer (to grind), employer (to employ), envoyer (to send), nettoyer (to clean), se noyer (to drown), renvoyer (to fire), tutoyer (to use tu), vouvoyer (to use vous)

|je |nettoie |nous |nettoyons |

|tu |nettoies |vous |nettoyez |

|il |nettoie |ils |nettoient |

nettoyer – to clean

o –uyer verbs MUST change y to i inside the boot.

▪ verb conjugation group: appuyer (to lean, to press), ennuyer (to bore), essuyer (to wipe)

|j’ |ennuie |nous |ennuyons |

|tu |ennuies |vous |ennuyez |

|il |ennuie |ils |ennuient |

ennuyer – to bore

  

• –eler, -eter

o –eler verbs, double the l inside the boot.

▪ verb conjugation group: appeler (to call), épeler (to spell), rappeler (to call back, recall), renouveler (to renew)

• exceptions: celer (to conceal), déceler (to detect), receler (to harbor), ciseler (to chisel), démanteler (to dismantle), écarteler (to tear apart), s’ecarteler (to tear oneself apart), geler (to freeze), dégeler (to unfreeze), congeler (to freeze), surgeler (to freeze), marteler (to hammer), modeler (to model), peler (to peel) are conjugated like –e_er verbs

appeler – to call

|j’ |appelle |nous |appelons |

|tu |appelles |vous |appelez |

|il |appelle |ils |appellent |

  

o –eter verbs, double the t inside the boot.

▪ verb conjugation group: feuilleter (to leaf through), hoqueter (to hiccup), jeter (to throw), projeter (to project), rejeter (to reject)

• exceptions: acheter (to buy), racheter (to buy another), bégueter (to stammer), corseter (to corset/constrain/constrict), crocheter (to crochet), fileter (to thread), fureter (to snoop), haleter (to pant) are conjugated like –e_er verbs

jeter – to throw

|je |jette |nous |jetons |

|tu |jettes |vous |jetez |

|il |jette |ils |jettent |

   

• –e_er, -é_er

o –e_er verbs ( __ stands for one or more consonants), change the e in front of the consonant before –er (__) to an è inside the boot.

▪ verb conjugation group: acheter (to buy), amener (to take), emmener (to take), enlever (to remove), geler (to freeze), harceler (to harass), lever (to lift, raise), mener (to lead), peler (to peel), peser (to weigh), promener (to walk)

lever – to lift/raise

|je |lève |nous |levons |

|tu |lèves |vous |levez |

|il |lève |ils |lèvent |

   

o -é_er verbs ( __ stands for one or more consonants), change the é to è inside the boot.

▪ verb conjugation group: céder (to give up, dispose of), célébrer (to celebrate), compléter (to complete), considérer (to consider), différer (to differ), espérer (to hope), *exagérer (to exaggerate), gérer (to manage), inquiéter (to worry), modérer (to moderate), pénétrer (to enter), posséder (to possess), préférer (to prefer), *protéger (to protect), refléter (to reflect), répéter (to repeat), révéler (to reveal), suggérer (to suggest), zébrer (to stripe)

*These are also spelling change verbs.

préférer – to prefer

|je |préfère |nous |préférons |

|tu |préfères |vous |préférez |

|il |préfère |ils |préfèrent |

spelling changers

• –ger

• –cer

o –ger verbs keep the e from the –er in the nous form only. The change is not made in the conditional, future, or subjunctive tenses.

▪ verb conjugation group: arranger (to arrange), assiéger (to besiege, to mob), bouger (to move), changer (to change), corriger (to correct), décourager (to discourage), déménager (to move) déranger (to disturb), diriger (to direct), encourager (to encourage), engager (to bind), exiger (to demand), juger (to judge), loger (to lodge), manger (to eat), mélanger (to mix), nager (to swim), obliger (to oblige), partager (to share), rédiger (to write), voyager (to travel)

manger – to eat

|je |mange |nous |mangeons |

|tu |manges |vous |mangez |

|il |mange |ils |mangent |

o –cer verbs change the c to a ç in the nous form only. The change is not made in the conditional, future, or subjunctive tenses.

▪ verb conjugation group: annoncer (to announce), avancer (to advance), commencer (to begin), dénoncer (to denounce), divorcer (to divorce), effacer (to erase), lancer (to throw), menacer (to threaten), placer (to put), prononcer (to pronounce), remplacer (to replace), renoncer (to renounce)

commencer – to begin

|je |commence |nous |commençons |

|tu |commences |vous |commencez |

|il |commence |ils |commencent |

irregular –ir verbs

–ir verbs like dormir drop the last letter of the radical (the last consonant before the –ir ending) in singular conjugations. They keep the radical in plural conjugations. They also have irregular endings.

• verb conjugation group: dormir (to sleep), endormir (to put/send to sleep), redormir (to sleep some more), rendormir (to put back to sleep), mentir (to lie), démentir (to deny), partir (to leave), départir (to accord), repartir (to restart, to set off again), sentir (to feel, to smell), consentir (to consent), pressentir (to have a premonition), ressentir (to feel/sense), se repentir (to repent), servir (to serve, to be useful), desservir, (to serve) resservir (to serve again), sortir (to go out), ressortir (to go out again)

endings dormir – to sleep

|je |-s |nous |-ons |

|tu |-s |vous |-ez |

|il |-t |ils |-ent |

singular stem = dor plural stem = dorm

|je |dors |nous |dormons |

|tu |dors |vous |-dormez |

|il |dort |ils |-dorment |

-ir verbs conjugated like –er verbs follow the pattern for regular –er verbs. Drop the –ir to get the stem, then add the regular –er endings.

• verb conjugation group: couvrir (to cover), découvrir (to discover), récouvrir (to cover/cover up/recover), ouvrir (to open), entrouvrir (to open partly), rentrouvrir (to open partly again), rouvrir (to reopen), offrir (to offer), souffrir (to suffer), cueillir (to pick), accueillir (to welcome), recueillir (to collect), assaillir (to assault), tressaillir (to thrill, to wince), défaillir (to lose strength/to faint), saillir (to stand out), acquérir (to acquire)

|j’ |ouvre |nous |ouvrons |

|tu |ouvres |vous |ouvrez |

|il |ouvre |ils |ouvrent |

ouvrir – to open

-ir verbs conjugated like –re verbs follow the pattern for regular –re verbs. Drop the –ir to get the stem, then add the –re endings.

• verb conjugation group: vêtir (to dress), dévêtir (to undress), revêtir (to don), courir (to run), accourir (to rush in), concourir, (to compete) discourir (to discourse), encourir (to incur), parcourir (to go over), recourir (to resort to), secourir (to help)

|je |vêts |nous |vêtons |

|tu |vêts |vous |vêtez |

|il |vêt |ils |vêtent |

vêtir – to dress

verbs ending in –enir change the stem by adding an i before the e inside the boot, and double the n in 3rd person plural.

• verb conjugation group: tenir (to hold/occupy), s’abstenir (to abstain), appartenir (to belong to), contenir (to contain/suppress), détenir (to hold/detain), entretenir (to support/speak to), maintenir (to maintain), obtenir (to obtain), retenir (to retain), soutenir (to sustain), venir (to come), advenir (to happen), circonvenir (to thwart), contrevenir (to contravene), convener (to suit), devenir (to become), disconvenir (to gain say), intervenir (to intervene), obvenir (to revert), parvenir (to reach), prévenir (to anticipate), provenir (to arise from), redevenir (to become again), se ressouvenir (to remember again), revenir (to come back), se souvenir (to remember), subvenir (to provide for), survenir (to occur)

|je |tiens |nous |tenons |

|tu |tiens |vous |tenez |

|il |tient |ils |tiennent |

tenir – to hold, to occupy, to keep venir – to come

|je |viens |nous |venons |

|tu |viens |vous |venez |

|il |vient |ils |viennent |

verbs ending in –érir change the é to è inside the boot and then add the dormir endings.

• verb conjugation group: acquérir (to acquire), conquerir (to conquer), s’enquérir (to inquire about), quérir (to fetch), reconquérir (to recover), requérir (to ask for)

|j’ |acquièrs |nous |acquérons |

|tu |acquièrs |vous |acquérez |

|il |acquièrt |ils |acquièrent |

acquérir – to acquire

verbs ending in –cevoir have irregular stems inside the boot, and use the dormir endings.

• verb conjugation group: recevoir (to receive), apercevoir (to notice), concevoir (to imagine), décevoir (to deceive), percevoir (to perceive)

|je |reçois |nous |recevons |

|tu |reçois |vous |recevez |

|il |reçoit |ils |reçoivent |

recevoir – to receive

verbs like voir only drop the r for the stem inside the boot (keep the i), have irregular stems outside the boot, and add the dormir endings.

• verb conjugation group: entrevoir (to glimpse), revoir (to see again), prévoir (to foresee), pourvoir (to provide), dépourvoir (to deprive)

voir – to see

|je |vois |nous |voyons |

|tu |vois |vous |voyez |

|il |voit |ils |voient |

completely irregular –ir verbs do not follow a pattern at all. They must be memorized.

• verb conjugation group: asseoir (to sit), bouillir (to boil) courir (to run), devoir (to have to), redevoir (to owe), faillir à (to fail to), falloir (to have to), fuir (to flee), s’enfuir (to make a getaway), mourir (to die), mouvoir (to drive), pleuvoir (to rain), pouvoir (to be able to), savoir (to know), surseoir (to suspend), valoir (to be worth), vouloir (to want to)

|j’ |assieds |nous |asseyons |

|tu |assieds |vous |asseyez |

|il |assied |ils |asseyent |

asseoir – to sit bouillir – to boil

|je |bous |nous |bouillons |

|tu |bous |vous |bouillez |

|il |bout |ils |bouillent |

courir – to run devoir – to have to, redevoir – to owe

|je |dois |nous |devons |

|tu |dois |vous |devez |

|il |doit |ils |doivent |

|je |cours |nous |courons |

|tu |cours |vous |courez |

|il |court |ils |courent |

faillir à – to fail at falloir – to have to

|je | |nous | |

|tu | |vous | |

|il |faut |ils | |

|je |faux |nous |faillons |

|tu |faux |vous |faillez |

|il |faut |ils |faillent |

fuir - to flee, s’enfuir - to make a getaway mourir – to die

|je |meurs |nous |mourons |

|tu |meurs |vous |mourez |

|il |meurt |ils |meurent |

|je |fuis |nous |fuyons |

|tu |fuis |vous |fuyez |

|il |fuit |ils |fuient |

|je | |nous | |

|tu | |vous | |

|il |pleut |ils | |

|je |meus |nous |mouvons |

|tu |meus |vous |mouvez |

|il |meut |ils |meuvent |

mouvoir - to drive pleuvoir – to rain

|je |sais |nous |savons |

|tu |sais |vous |savez |

|il |sait |ils |savent |

|je |peux |nous |pouvons |

|tu |peux |vous |pouvez |

|il |peut |ils |peuvent |

pouvoir – to be able to savoir – to know

surseoir – to suspend valoir – to be worth

|je |vaux |nous |valons |

|tu |vaux |vous |valez |

|il |vaut |ils |valent |

|je |sursois |nous |sursoyons |

|tu |sursois |vous |sursoyez |

|il |suroit |ils |sursoient |

vouloir – to want to

|je |veux |nous |voulons |

|tu |veux |vous |voulez |

|il |veut |ils |veulent |

irregular –re verbs

–re like prendre drop the d in all three plural stems and double the n in the third person plural.

• verb conjugation group: apprendre (to learn), comprendre (to understand), déprendre (to detach), désapprendre (to unlearn), entreprendre (to undertake), s’éprendre (to fall in love), se méprendre (to mistake), réapprendre (to relearn), reprendre (to resume), surprendre (to surprise)

prendre – to take

|je |prends |nous |prenons |

|tu |prends |vous |prenez |

|il |prend |ils |prennent |

-re verbs like mettre drop the final t in the singular stems.

• verb conjugation group: battre (to beat, to fight), abattre (to knock down), combattre (to fight), contre-battre (to fight against), débattre (to debate), s’ébattre (to frolic, to romp), rabattre (to turn down), rebattre (to reshuffle), admettre (to admit) , commettre (to commit), compromettre, (to compromise), démettre (to dislocate), émettre (to emit), s’entremettre (to mediate), omettre (to omit), permettre (to permit), promettre (to promise), réadmettre (to readmit), retransmettre (to retransmit), soumettre (to subdue), transmettre (to transmit)

|je |mets |nous |mettons |

|tu |mets |vous |mettez |

|il |met |ils |mettent |

mettre – to put

-re like rompre add a t after the stem on the third person singular.

• verb conjugation group: rompre (to break off, to snap), corrompre (to corrupt, to taint), interrompre (to interrupt)

|je |romps |nous |rompons |

|tu |romps |vous |rompez |

|il |rompt |ils |rompent |

rompre – to break

-re like cuire add a t after the stem on the third person singular and add an s to the stem in the plural before adding the endings.

• verb conjugation group: cuire (to cook), recuire (to cook again), conduire (to drive), déduire (to deduce), éconduire (to dismiss), enduire, (to coat) induire (to infer), introduire, (to introduce) produire (to produce), reconduire (to escort home), réduire à/en (to reduce to), réintroduire (to reintroduce), reproduire (reproduce), retraduire (to retranslate), séduire (to seduce), traduire (to translate), construire (to construct), déruire (to destroy), instruire (to teach), reconstruire (to rebuild), luire (to shine/gleam), reluire (to shine), nuire (to harm/injure), s’entre-nuire (to injure one another)

cuire – to cook

|je |cuis |nous |cuisons |

|tu |cuis |vous |cuisez |

|il |cuit |ils |cuisent |

-aindre, -eindre, -oindre drop the d in the root in all forms to get the stem and add a g in front of the n in plural forms.

• verb conjugation group: craindre (to fear), contraindre (to compel/force), plaindre (to be sorry for/pity), se plaindre (to complain), peindre (to paint), dépeindre (to depict), repeindre (to repaint), s’astreindre (to strive for), étreindre (to clasp/embrace), restreindre (to restrict/limit), atteindre (to reach/attain), ceindre (to put on), enceindre (to gird), empreindre (to imprint), épreindre, (to squeeze out), enfreindre (to infringe), feindre (to feign), geindre (to groan), teindre (to dye), déteindre (to fade/lose color), éteindre (to extinguish), reteindre (to re-dye), joinder (to join/link), adjoindre (to associate), conjoindre (to join in marriage), disjoindre (to take apart), enjoinder (to enjoin/prescribe), rejoinder (to rejoin/reunite), oindre (to anoint), poindre (to dawn)

craindre – to fear

|je |crains |nous |craignons |

|tu |crains |vous |craignez |

|il |craint |ils |craignent |

verbs like traire have irregular stems outside the boot, and use the dormir endings.

• verb conjugation group: traire (to milk), abstraire (to abstract), distraire (to entertain/divert), extraire (to extract), retraire (to retire), soustraire (to subtract/withdraw), braire (to bray)

traire – to milk

|je |trais |nous |trayons |

|tu |trais |vous |trayez |

|il |trait |ils |traient |

verbs ending in –aître drop the –ître and add –ir endings.

• verb conjugation group: connaître, (to know, as in to be acquainted with) méconnaître (to disregard/ignore), reconnaître (to recognize), paraître (to appear/to come out), apparaître (to appear/to seem), comparaître (to appear), disparaître (to disappear), réapparaître (to reappear), recomparaître (to reappear), reparaître (to reappear), transparaître (to show through), naître (to be born), renaître (to be reborn), paître (to feed – animals), repaître (to feed)

connaître – to know/be familiar with

|je |connais |nous |connaissons |

|tu |connais |vous |connaissez |

|il |connaît |ils |connaissent |

verbs ending in –crire add a v to the stem in the plural and use the dormir endings.

• verb conjugation group: écrire (to write), circonscrire (to limit), décrire (to describe), inscrire (to register), prescrire (to prescribe), proscrire (to outlaw), récrire (to rewrite), réinscrire (to reregister), retranscrire (to recopy), souscrire (to subscribe), transcrire (to transcribe),

écrire – to write

|j’ |écris |nous |écrivons |

|tu |écris |vous |écrivez |

|il |écrit |ils |écrivent |

completely irregular –re verbs do not follow a pattern at all. They must be memorized.

• verb conjugation group: vaincre (to defeat), convaincre (to convince), plaire (to please), complaire (to take pleasure in), déplaire (to displease), croître (to grow), accroître (to increase), décroître (to decrease), recroître (to grow again), croire (to believe), accroire (to delude), boire (to drink), emboire (to smear), clore (to close up), déclore (to open up), écorer (to keep tally-sheets), enclore (to fence in), forclore (to foreclose), conclure (to conclude), exclure (to expel/to exclude), inclure (to enclose/insert), occlure (to occlude), reclure (to seclude), absoudre (to absolve), dissoudre (to dissolve) , résourdre (to resolve), coudre (to sew), découdre (to unpick), recoudre (to resolve), moudre (to grind), émoudre (to sharpen), remoudre (to regrind), suivre (to attend a course), s’ensuivre (to ensue), poursuivre (to pursue), vivre (to live), revivre (to revive), survivre (to survive), lire (to read), élire (to elect), réélire (to reelect), relire (to reread), dire (to say), contredire (to contradict), dédire (to retract a statement), interdire (to forbid), maudire (to curse), médire (to speak ill of), prédire (to predict), redire (to say again, to repeat), rire (to laugh), sourire (to smile), confire (to preserve), déconfire (to nonpluss), circoncire (to circumcise), frire (to fry), suffire (to suffice)

vaincre, convaincre

|je |vaincs |nous |vainquons |

|tu |vaincs |vous |vainquez |

|il |vainc |ils |vainquent |

plaire, complaire, déplaire

|je |plais |nous |plaisons |

|tu |plais |vous |plaisez |

|il |plaît |ils |plaisent |

croître, recroître,

|je |croîs |nous |croissons |

|tu |croîs |vous |croissez |

|il |croît |ils |croissent |

accroître, décroître

|je |accrois |nous |accroissons |

|tu |accrois |vous |accroissez |

|il |accroît |ils |accroissent |

croire, accroire

|je |crois |nous |croyons |

|tu |crois |vous |croyez |

|il |croit |vous |croient |

boire, emboire

|je |bois |nous |buvons |

|tu |bois |vous |buvez |

|il |boit |ils |boivent |

clore, déclore, éclore, enclore forclore

|je |clos |nous |closons |

|tu |clos |vous |closez |

|il |clôt |ils |closent |

conclure, exclure, inclure, occlure, reclure

|je |conclus |nous |concluons |

|tu |conclus |vous |concluez |

|il |conclut |ils |concluent |

absoudre, dissoudre, résourdre

|je |absous |nous |absolvons |

|tu |absous |vous |absolvez |

|il |absous |ils |absolvent |

coudre, découdre, recoudre

|je |couds |nous |cousons |

|tu |couds |vous |cousez |

|il |coud |ils |cousent |

moudre, émoudre, remoudre

|je |mouds |nous |moulons |

|tu |mouds |vous |moulez |

|il |moud |ils |moulent |

suivre, s’ensuivre, poursuivre

|je |suis |nous |suivons |

|tu |suis |vous |suivez |

|il |suit |ils |suivent |

vivre, revivre, survivre

|je |vis |nous |vivons |

|tu |vis |vous |vivez |

|il |vit |ils |vivent |

lire, élire, réélire, relire

|je |lis |nous |lisons |

|tu |lis |vous |lisez |

|il |lit |ils |lisent |

dire, contredire, dédire, interdire, maudire, médire prédire, redire

|je |dis |nous |disons |

|tu |dis |vous |dites |

|il |dit |ils |disent |

rire, sourire

|je |ris |nous |rions |

|tu |ris |vous |riez |

|il |rit |ils |rient |

confire, déconfire

|je |confis |nous |confisons |

|tu |confis |vous |confisez |

|il |confit |ils |confisent |

circoncire

|je |circoncis |nous |circoncisons |

|tu |circoncis |vous |circoncisez |

|il |circoncis |ils |circoncisent |

frire

|je |fris |nous |frisons |

|tu |fris |vous |frisez |

|il |frit |ils |frisent |

suffire

|je |suffis |nous |suffisons |

|tu |suffis |vous |suffisez |

|il |suffit |ils |suffisent |

................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download