MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

[Pages:124]REPUBLIC OF KENYA

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION

SESSIONAL PAPER NO..........OF 2018 ON

REFORMING EDUCATION AND TRAINING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT DECEMBER, 2018

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ......................................................................v DEFINITION OF TERMS ...........................................................................................................ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................1

1.0 Background to the Education and Training Sector in Kenya ..........................................1 1.1 Basic Education ...............................................................................................................2 1.2 Tertiary Education and Training......................................................................................2 1.3 Technical Vocational Education and Training ................................................................3 1.4 Teacher and Trainer Education and Development ..........................................................3 1.5 University Education .......................................................................................................4 1.6 Evolution of Policy on Education and Training ..............................................................4 1.7 Articles in the Constitution of Kenya, 2010 Relevant to Education and Training ..........5 1.8 Devolution and Decentralization of Education and Training ..........................................7 1.9 Resource Allocation ........................................................................................................7 1.10 Management of Education and Training......................................................................7 1.11 Growth of the Education and Training Sector ...........................................................12 CHAPTER 2: MACROECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPGHIC CONTEXT ..........................13 2.1 Demographic, Macroeconomic and Public Finance Context ........................................13 2.2 Public Resources and Spending.....................................................................................14 2.3 Social and Humanitarian Context..................................................................................14 2.4 Education Financing ......................................................................................................15 2.5 Per Capita Spending in Education .................................................................................17 2.6 Education Spending by Functional Classification.........................................................18 2.7 Education Spending by Economic Classification..........................................................20 2.8 Recurrent Costs per Pupil/Student.................................................................................21 CHAPTER 3: PHILOSOPHY, VISION, MISSION MANDATE AND GOALS OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING SECTOR ...............................................................................23 3.1 Philosophy of Education................................................................................................23 3.2 Vision 3.3 Mission ..........................................................................................................................23 3.4 Mandate .........................................................................................................................23 3.5 Guiding Principles .........................................................................................................23 3.6 National Goals of Education..........................................................................................23

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3.7 Core Values ...................................................................................................................24 3.8 Current and Proposed Structure and Programmes of the Sector ...................................24 CHAPTER 4: ENHANCING ACCESS, EQUITY, QUALITY AND RELEVANCE ..............29 4.1 Objectives of Education at Different Levels .................................................................29 4.2 Status of Access, Equity, Quality and Relevance in Education and Training ...............34 CHAPTER 5: CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT ..............................................................51 5.1 Relevance of the Curriculum .........................................................................................51 5.2 Curriculum Content .......................................................................................................52 5.3 Assessment and Examinations.......................................................................................54 5.4 Quality Assurance and Standards (QAS) ......................................................................55 5.5 Mentoring, Molding and Nurturing of National Values................................................56 5.6 Competency Based Modular Curriculum Framework...................................................58 5.7 Skills Curriculum and Instruction Design and Assessment in TVET ...........................59 5.8 Centres of Excellence ....................................................................................................61 5.9 Re-Branding (TVET).....................................................................................................62 5.10 University Education .................................................................................................63 CHAPTER 6: INFORMATION , COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY ......................66 6.1 Integration of Information, Communication and Technology.......................................66 6.2 Leadership and Management.........................................................................................68 6.3 Professional Development .............................................................................................68 6.4 Curriculum and Assessment ..........................................................................................69 6.5 ICT Infrastructure and Deployment ..............................................................................69 6.6 Early Childhood Development, Primary and Secondary education ..............................70 6.7 Adult and Continuing Education (ACE) .......................................................................70 6.8 TVET Education and Training ......................................................................................67 6.9 University Education .....................................................................................................71 6.10 Special Needs Education and Training ......................................................................72 6.11 Marginalized and Vulnerable Groups ........................................................................72 6.12 Open and Distance Learning (ODL) ..........................................................................73 CHAPTER 8: GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING .................................................................................................................................. 75 8.1 Governance and Management of Education and Training ............................................75 8.2 Planning and Implementation........................................................................................75 8.3 Governance and Management .......................................................................................77 8.4 Data and Information Management System ..................................................................77 8.5 Human Resource Development and Management ........................................................79

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8.6 Monitoring and Evaluation............................................................................................80 CHAPTER 9: TEACHER EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT ..........................................81

9.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................77 9.2 Pre-School Teacher Education ......................................................................................81 9.3 Primary School Teacher Education ...............................................................................82 9.4 Secondary School Teacher Education ...........................................................................82 9.5 Special Needs Teacher Education .................................................................................83 9.6 Strategies for Policy Implementation ............................................................................83 CHAPTER 10: TEACHERS, TRAINERS AND LECTURERS MANAGEMENT .................84 10.1 Teacher Management.................................................................................................84 10.2 TVET Trainer Management.......................................................................................85 10.3 University Lecturers Management.............................................................................86 CHAPTER 11: PLANNING, IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION 88 11.1 Basic Education .........................................................................................................88 11.2 Monitoring and Evaluation ........................................................................................89 CHAPTER 12: RESOURCE MOBILIZATION ........................................................................91 12.1 Public Expenditure to Education ...............................................................................91 12.2 Pre-Primary ................................................................................................................93 12.3 Primary.......................................................................................................................95 12.4 Special Education.......................................................................................................96 12.5 Secondary Education .................................................................................................97 12.6 Adult and Continuing Education ...............................................................................99 12.7 Financing of TVET ..................................................................................................100 12.8 Financing of University Education ..........................................................................101 CHAPTER 13: PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING104 CHAPTER 14: LEGAL FRAMEWORK .................................................................................106 14.1 The Constitution.......................................................................................................106 14.2 International Conventions ........................................................................................107 14.3 Legislation Review ..................................................................................................107 CHAPTER 15: KENYA NATIONAL QUALIFICATIONS FRAMEWORK .................109

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS

ABE ABET ACE ALPBET ASAL BALP BOG BOM CAT CBO CDE CDF CEB CEC CEMASTEA CBC CPD CPE CPPMU CRC CUE DDR DGE DUC EAC EARCs ECDE ECTS EFA EMIS ESQAC ESSP FBO

Adult and Basic Education Adult Basic Education and Training Adult and Continuing Education Alternative provision of Basic Education and training Arid and Semi-Arid Lands Basic Adult Literacy Programme Board of Governors Board of Management Competence Assessment Test Community Based Organization County Director of Education Constituency Development Fund County Education Board County Education Committee Centre for Mathematics., Science and Technology Education in Africa Competence Based Curriculum Continuous Professional Development Continuous Professional Education Central Planning and Project Monitoring Unit Convention on the Rights of the Child Commission for University Education Discipline Differentiated Remuneration Director General of Education Differentiated Unit Cost East African Community Education Assessment Resource Centres Early Childhood Development and Education Exemptions and Credits Transfer System Education For All Education Management Information System Education Standards and Quality Assurance Council Education Sector Strategic Plan Faith Based Organization

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FDSE FPE FGM FTSE GDP GER GPI GTT HELB HIV HRD HRM HTELB IAG IB ICT IGA IGCSE ILO INSET ISCED ISO IT JKF KEMI KICD KESI KIE KJCSE KVCET KLB KNALS KNATCOM KNEC KNOCS KNQF

Free Day Secondary Education Free Primary Education Female Genital Mutilation Full-Time Student Equivalent Gross Domestic Product Gross Enrolment Rate Gender Parity Index Government Trade Test Higher Education Loans Board Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus Human Resource Development Human Resource Management Higher and Tertiary Education Loans Board Industry Advisory Group International Baccalaureate Information , Communication and Technology Income Generating Activity International General Certificate of Secondary Education International Labour Organization In-Service Education and Training International Standard Classification of Education International Organization for Standardization Information Technology Jomo Kenyatta Foundation Kenya Education Management Institute Kenya Institute of Curriculum Development Kenya Education Staff Institute Kenya Institute of Education Kenya Junior Certificate of Secondary Education Kenya Junior Vocational Certificate of Education and Training Kenya Literature Bureau Kenya National Adult Literacy Survey Kenya National Commission for UNESCO Kenya National Examinations Council Kenya National Occupational Classification Standard Kenya National Qualifications Framework

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KUCCPS LATF LIWA MDGs MDTI MoE MTEF MVC NACONEK NAS NEB NEMIS NER NESIP NFE NFS NGOs NPs NQF NSA ODE ODL PLP PCR PPP PS PTR QAS R&D SAGAs SCs SEBF SEPU SNE ST&I TIVET TPR

Kenya Universities and Colleges Central Placement Service Local Authority Transfer Fund Linking Industry With Academia Millennium Development Goals Multi-Purpose Development Training Institute Ministry of Education Medium Term Expenditure Framework Most Vulnerable Children National Council for Nomadic Education in Kenya National Assessment System National Education Board National Education Management Information System Net Enrolment Rates National Education Sector Investment Programme Non-Formal Education Non-Formal Schools Non-Governmental Organizations National Polytechnics National Qualification Framework Non-State Actor Open and Distance Education Open and Distance Learning Post Literacy Programme Primary Completion Rate Public Private Partnerships Principal Secretary Pupil Teacher Ratio Quality Assurance and Standards Research and Development Semi-Autonomous Government Agencies Student Councils Secondary Education Bursary Fund School Equipment Production Unit Special Needs Education Science Technology and Innovation Technical, Industrial, Vocational and Entrepreneurship Training Teacher Pupil Ratio/Textbook Pupil Ratio

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TSC TTC TU TTI TVET TVETA UASU UE UN UNESCO UPE UT VTC YP

Teachers Service Commission Teacher Training College Technical University Technical Training Institute Technical and Vocational Education and Training Technical and Vocational Education and Training Authority Universities Academic Staff Union University Education United Nations United Nations Education Scientific and Cultural Organization Universal Primary Education University of Technology Vocational Training Centres Youth Polytechnics

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