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IMMUNOLOGICAL DISORDERSImmunological disorders are diseases or conditions caused by a dysfunction of the immune system.They include allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases, auto-inflammatory syndromes and immunological deficiency syndromes.These disorders can be characterized in several different ways:By the component(s) of the immune system affected. By whether the immune system is overactive or underactive.By whether the condition is congenital or acquired.AUTOIMMUNE DISEASEImmune system disorders cause abnormally low activity or over activity of the immune system. In cases of immune system over activity, the body attacks and damages its own tissues. This is known as autoimmune disease.List of autoimmune disorders:LupusSclerodermaCertain types of hemolytic anemiaVasculitisType one diabetesImmune deficiency diseaseImmunodeficiency disorders prevent your body from fighting infections and diseases. An immunodeficiency disorder also makes it easier for you to catch viruses and bacterial infections in the first place.There are two types of immunodeficiency disorders:Primary: These disorders are usually present at birth and are usually hereditary. They typically become evident during infancy or childhood. There are more than 100 primary immunodeficiency disorders. All are relatively rare. Secondary: These disorders generally develop later in life and often result from use of certain drugs or from another disorder, such as diabetes or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. They are more common than primary immunodeficiency disorders.Causes Primary immunodeficiencyThese disorders may be caused by mutations, sometimes in a specific gene.Primary immunodeficiency disorders are classified by which part of the immune system is affected:Primary disorders include:X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)Secondary ImmunodeficiencySecondary disorders happen when an outside source, such as a toxic chemical or infection, attacks your body. Severe burns and radiation also can cause secondary disorders. Secondary disorders include:AIDScancers of the immune system, such as leukemiaimmune-complex diseases, such as viral hepatitismultiple myelomaPrevention and TreatmentStrategies for preventing and treating infections depend on the type of immunodeficiency disorder. For example, people who have an immunodeficiency disorder due to a deficiency of antibodies are at risk of bacterial infections. The following can help reduce the risk:Being treated periodically with immune globulin (antibodies obtained from the blood of people with a normal immune system) given intravenously or under the skin. Practicing good personal hygiene (including conscientious dental care)Not eating undercooked foodNot drinking water that may be contaminatedAvoiding contact with people who have infectionsAntibioticsAntiviral drugsVaccines ................
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