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Succession STUDENT NOTES B-6.3 | Date:

|Ecolog|What is it? |

|ical | |

|succes| |

|sion |It is a result of changes in ________________ and ________________ factors. |

| | |

| |There are two types: |

| |___________________________ 2. _____________________________________ |

|Primar| |

|y |Occurs in areas that have ________________________________________________ |

|Succes| |

|sion |Examples: |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| |Step 1: ______________________________ break down rock into smaller pieces and make ______________ and _____________ |

| | |

| |Step 2: _______________________________ grow once there is enough soil and _________________________ - they help break down rock further to make more soil |

| | |

| |Step 3: _________________________ and small trees grow |

| | |

| |Step 4: more species grow and die; ___________________________________ adds nutrients to the soil and large plants may grow |

| | |

| |Step 5: as plants change, animal species also change – these organisms may _______________ the ecosystem and make it better for |

| |____________________________________ |

| |One community replaces another over time. |

| | |

| |Step 6: _________________________ (mature community) results where there is little change in species |

| | |

| |composition – it continues this way as long as there are no _______________________________ |

| |The climax community of an area is determined by ______________________________ |

|Pionee| |

|r |What is it? |

|specie| |

|s | |

| | |

| | |

| |What are the most important types? |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

|Second|It begins in an area where there was __________________________________________________________ ___________________________ |

|ary | |

|succes|Examples: |

|sion | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| | |

| |Step 1: very similar to primary succession in the later stages after ___________ has already formed |

| | |

| |Step 2: something halts succession - __________, ________________________, _________________________________ - and destroys the established community |

| |The soil remains INTACT! |

| | |

| |Step 3: when the disturbance is over, the ecosystem interacts to restore the original condition of the community |

|Succes| |

|sion |Succession is a ________________________________ process! |

|and a | |

|time |Some stages may last for a short period of time while others may last for ________________________ of years. |

|frame | |

| |Any disturbance affects the rate of succession – usually ________________ succession occurs faster than ____________________ because the soil is already |

| |present. |

| | |

| |When disturbances happen often, the area will most likely have species present in _________________ succession stages. |

| | |

| |When disturbances are moderate, the area is composed of habitats in _____________________________________. |

| | |

| |Succession occurs in ____________________ ecosystems. |

Focus Questions

1. What is primary succession?

2. Give examples of areas that would be prone to primary succession.

3. What is a pioneer species? Give an example.

4. What is a climax community?

5. Briefly summarize primary succession.

6. What is secondary succession?

7. Give examples of areas that would be prone to secondary succession.

8. Briefly summarize secondary succession.

9. Succession is a _______________ process.

10. In what type of ecosystems does succession occur?

11. About how long are the stages of succession?

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