Biology Homework - Jenks Public Schools



Biology Fall Homework

Chapter 1

1. Is fire a living thing? Is a car a living thing? Why or why not?

2. Explain 5 adaptations of desert plants or animals. Repeat for the taiga. Predict what would happen if a desert jackrabbit was transplanted to northern Canada.

3. Kristen noticed that when she pours Coke into a glass there is always 2-3 inches of fizz at the top. When she is thirsty she wants it to go down quickly. She thought of ways to reduce the foam once it is in the glass.

She could:

a.) simply wait,

b.) she could blow on it,

c.) put ice in it, or

d.) put her finger in it.

She got four clean glasses and a new 2 liter bottle of Coke. She poured 6 oz of Coke into

each glass, then proceeded to use one method on each glass of Coke. She timed the amount

of time it took for the fizz to go down in seconds by using a stopwatch.

a. What is the independent variable?

b. What is the dependent variable?

c. What factors are being kept constant?

d. What is the control?

4. Sandy heard that plants compete for space. She decided to test this idea. She bought a

mixture of flower seeds and some potting soil. Into each 5 plastic cups she put the

same amount of soil. In the first cup she planted 2 seeds, in the second cup the planted

4 seeds, in the third cup 8 seeds, and in the fourth cup she planted 16 seeds. In the last

cup she planted 32 seeds. After 25 days, she determined which set of plants looked best.

a. Write a hypothesis for this experiment.

b. What is the independent variable?

c. What is the dependent variable?

d. What factors are being kept constant?

e. How could this experiment be improved?

5. John’s lab group compared the effect of different aged grass compost on bean plants. Because decomposition is necessary for release of nutrients,

the group hypothesized that older grass compost would produce

taller bean plants. Three flats of bean plants (25 plants/flat) were

grown for 5 days. The plants were then fertilized as follows:

a.) Flat A: 450 g of 3 month old compost,

b.) Flat B: 450 g of 6 month old compost, and

c.) Flat C: 0 g compost.

The plants received the same amount of sunlight and water each day. At the end of the 30 days the group recorded the height of the plants (cm).

a. What is the independent variable?

b. What is the dependent variable?

c. What factors are being kept constant?

d. What is the control?

6. Design and briefly describe an experiment to test the effectiveness of 3 brands of fertilizer on plants. Identify the independent and dependent variables, other variables kept constant, and the control.

7. SI (Metric) System conversions (refer to p. 1097 in your textbook):

a. 1 m = ___ cm d. 1 liter = ___ ml

b. 1 km = ___ m e. 1 mg = ___ g

c. 1 cm = ___ mm f. 1 ml = ___ cm3

8. Complete the Problem-Solving Lab 1.2 on page 20 of your textbook.

Chapter 2

1. Sequence the following levels of biological organization from smallest to largest:

a. biosphere e. population i. cell

b. organism f. molecule j. organ system

c. community g. ecosystem k. tissue

d. atom h. organ

2. Describe 2 examples each of mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism.

3. Write a want ad for a parasite seeking a new host.

4. Map out a food web putting names of organisms in the right places for this Sonoran Desert community. Arrows point to the eater. Example: Lizard (Barn Owl

o Barn owl eats gila monsters, desert iguanas, kangaroo rats, and rattlesnakes

o Free-tailed bat eats dragonflies

o Black widow spider eats dragonflies

o Bobcat eats peccary, gila monsters, desert iguanas, tortoise, and kangaroo rats

o Peccary eats grass, cactus, and yucca fruit

o Desert iguana eats dragonflies, cactus, and yucca fruit

o Tortoise eats grass cactus and yucca fruit

o Dragonfly eats grass and yucca fruit

o Gila monster eats dragonflies and desert iguanas

o Gray wolf eats rattlesnakes, yucca fruit, gila monsters, desert iguanas, peccary, tortoise

o Red-tailed hawk eats kangaroo rats, rattlesnakes, gila monsters, desert iguanas

o Rattlesnake eat kangaroo rats, gila monsters, and desert iguanas

o Kangaroo rat eats cactus, yucca fruit, and grasses

5. How are the flow of matter (nutrients) and the flow of energy through ecosystems different?

Chapter 3

1. Describe a community of plants and animals found in Oklahoma. List 5 biotic and abiotic factors. Predict the effects of a prolonged drought.

2. Choose an animal that lives in the temperate deciduous forest. Write a paragraph that describes a typical day in its life. Include its niche – food, shelter, daily rhythms, etc.

3. Construct a Venn diagram of primary vs. secondary succession. Give 2 examples of when each would occur.

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The following diagram shows what biologists predict will happen at Yellowstone National Park in the years following the most extensive forest fire in its history. About 45% of the park burned.

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4. After the fire, what resources remained in Yellowstone?

5. How are these resources different from those found in a lava flow, where no life existed before?

6. Why do grasses and wildflowers make up the first stage of secondary succession where there used to be trees?

7. Why will shrubs grow before trees?

8. Once lodgepole pines are established, the forests of Yellowstone Park will not change radically again. What is the term for the lodgepole pine community?

9. Elk, large herbivores that live in the Yellowstone area, eat mainly grasses. In winter, they eat twigs and needles from small trees and shrubs. Explain what may happen to the elk population during the first 10 years after the fire.

10. What may happen to the elk population during the following 15 years?

Chapter 4

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1. How many yeast cells are there on Day 0?

2. Why did the student use sterilized medium and keep the dish closed?

3. At what point did the population reach the carrying capacity of the culture dish?

4. What factors probably limited the growth of the yeast population?

5. How could the student change the investigation so that the carrying capacity of the yeast’s environment is increased?

6. Explain why predator and prey populations cycle together over time. Use an example of mice as the primary food for wolves.

7. Predict what would happen to the following populations over time:

a. bacteria growing on some food left out.

b. a few elephants released into a new national park in India.

8. Compare and contrast the age structure diagrams for stable vs. rapid growth on p. 103 in your textbook. Give an example of a country for each.

Chapter 5

1. Compare and contrast biodiversity in a cornfield vs. prairie. Include plant and animal species for each. Predict what would happen if a plant disease struck one species in each.

2. Describe the steps you would take if you were put in charge of increasing biodiversity in a natural area.

3. Complete Problem-Solving Lab 5.1 on page 115 of your textbook.

The following illustrates an experiment modeling the effects of acid precipitation. Look at the diagrams and answer the questions.

Procedure:

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Results:

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4. Write a hypothesis for this experiment.

5. What is the independent variable?

6. What is the dependent variable?

7. What is the control?

8. What factors were kept constant?

9. Write a conclusion for this experiment.

10. What threat to biodiversity does this illustrate?

11. Complete Problem-Solving Lab 5.2 on page 124 of your textbook.

Chapter 6

1. Construct a Venn diagram for electrons vs. protons.

2. Write an example of when you would see water showing the following properties: polarity, cohesion, adhesion.

3. Construct a chart for the 4 biomolecules: lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. Include elements, monomers (building blocks), functions, and examples.

Chapter 7

1. Construct a 3-way Venn diagram for plant, animal, and bacterial cells. Label whether prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

2. Describe an analogy from everyday life for a plasma membrane.

3. Describe 2 examples of specialized cells and explain their unique role in the human body.

4. Is your tongue a tissue, an organ, or an organ system? Explain your answer.

Chapter 8

1. Write one analogy each for the following: simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, endocytosis, exocytosis.

2. Explain why grocery stores mist vegetables with water. What happens on the cellular level?

3. Predict what would happen if a freshwater fish were transplanted into the ocean.

4. Match each description with the correct phase of mitosis:

a. The chromosomes line up across the middle of the cell

b. chromosomes become visible

c. centrioles separate

d. sister chromatids separate into individual chromosomes

e. 2 new nuclear envelopes form

f. the nucleolus disappears, and the nuclear envelope breaks down

g. each chromosome attaches to a spindle fiber

Chapter 9

1. Write a paragraph from the point of view of a photon of sunlight that strikes a plant leaf. Describe its journey through photosynthesis in until it ends up in a glucose molecule.

2. Describe how your leg muscles obtain energy during a long race.

3. Construct a Venn diagram for photosynthesis vs. respiration.

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4. What does the graph on the left tell about the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis?

5. What happens when the light intensity rises above 9000 lumens?

6. What does the graph on the right tell about the effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis?

7. What happens when the temperature rises above 33o C?

8. What light intensity and temperature levels allow the highest photosynthesis rate?

Chapter 10

1. Explain the difference between cross-pollination and self-pollination in plants.

2. In sheep a white coat is due to a dominant gene (W), black to its recessive allele (w). A white ewe mated to a white ram produces a black lamb. If they produce another offspring, could it be white? List the genotypes of all the animals mentioned in this problem.

3. In humans normal pigmentation is due to a dominant gene (A), albinism to its recessive allele (a). A normal man marries an albino woman. Their first child is an albino. What are the genotypes of these three persons? If there are more children, what would they probably be like?

4. In humans brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue (b). A brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed woman and they have 8 children, all brown-eyed. What are the genotypes of all the individuals in the family?

5. Construct a Venn diagram for mitosis vs. meiosis.

6. If a diploid cell containing 28 chromosomes undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?

Chapter 11

1. Construct a Venn diagram for DNA vs. RNA.

Read the paragraph, and answer the questions that follow.

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2. What is the function of mRNA?

3. What are the functions of proteins that mRNA helps to produce?

4. How could a substance that stops the synthesis of mRNA cause the liver to stop functioning (the death of liver cells)?

5. Why do you suppose it took 2 days for Caesar to die?

6. On your own paper, complete the MiniLab 11.1 on page 293 of your textbook. Read the directions, copy the table, fill in the blanks, and answer question #1 (only).

Chapter 12

1. A couple preparing for marriage both have blood type AB. They ask you what types of blood their children might have. What would you tell them and how would you explain your conclusions?

2. A case was brought before a judge in which a woman of blood type O presented a baby of blood type O which she claimed as her child and brought suit against a man of blood type AB whom she claimed was the father of the child. If you were the judge, what would your decision be? Explain.

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3. What is the difference between a heterozygous phenotype produced by incomplete dominance and a heterozygous phenotype produced by codominance?

4. Why are females less likely to show a trait caused by a recessive allele on the X chromosome?

5. If you know that a woman has hemophilia, what can you infer about her parents’ genotypes?

6. A man and a woman, both with normal vision, decide to have children. The woman’s father is colorblind. What are the chances that their daughters and sons will be colorblind? Explain your answer.

Chapter 13

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3. Write a paragraph about the future of cloning technology. Include pros, cons, and your opinion.

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