Vocabulary List - Suffolk City Public Schools



SOL 8.1

|exponents | |

| |Represents repeated multiplication of the number. |

| | |

| |104 |

|order of operations |Defines the order in which operations are performed to simplify an expression. |

|expression |A word used to designate any symbolic mathematical phrase that may contain numbers |

| |and/or variables. |

| | |

| |Expressions do not contain an equal sign |

|Base | |

| |The number that is multiplied in a power. |

| |104 |

|scientific notation |A method used to write very large and very small numbers using the product of a |

| |number that is at least one but less than ten and a power of ten. |

SOL 8.2

|counting number |{1, 2, 3, 4, . . .} |

|natural number |{1, 2, 3, 4, . . .} |

|irrational number |A number that cannot be expressed as an integer or the quotient of integers. |

|rational number |A number that can be expressed as a fraction in the form a/b where a and b do not |

| |equal zero |

|real number |The set of all rational and irrational numbers |

|repeating decimal |A decimal whose digits repeat in groups of one or more |

|subset |Includes real numbers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, integers, whole |

| |numbers, and natural numbers. |

SOL 8.2 (continued)

|terminating decimal |A decimal whose digits end. Every terminating decimal can be written as a fraction|

| |with a denominator of 10, 100, 1,000, and so on. |

|whole number |The set of all the natural numbers and zero: {0, 1, 2, 3, …} |

|integer |The set of whole numbers and their opposites {…-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, . .} |

SOL 8.3

|debit |A deduction from an amount of money |

|deposit |An addition that increases an amount of money |

|discount |A percentage of the original price. The discount is the original price minus the |

| |discount. |

|interest |The amount of money paid or earned for the use of money |

|markup |The amount the price of an item is increased above the price the store paid for the |

| |item |

|principal |The amount of money invested or borrowed |

|ratio |A comparison of two numbers by division |

SOL 8.3 (continued)

|rate |A ratio of two measurements having different units |

|rate of change |A rate that describes how one quantity changes in relation to another |

|scale |The ratio of a given length on a drawing or model to its corresponding length in |

| |reality |

|unit rate |A rate with a denominator of 1 |

SOL 8.4

|replacement value |The number that replaces the variables in an algebraic expression |

|substitute |Replace one variable in one equation with an expression derived from the other |

| |equation |

SOL 8.5

|perfect square |Rational number whose square root is a whole number |

|principal square root |A positive square root |

|radical sign |The symbol used to indicate a nonnegative square root |

|base |The value used as a factor as many times as given by the exponent |

|exponent |The value that tells how many times the base is used as a factor |

SOL 8.6

|complementary angles |Any two angles such that the sum of their measures is 90 degrees |

|supplementary angles |Any two angles such that the sum of their measures is 180 degrees |

|vertical angles |The opposite angles formed by two intersecting lines. Angles are congruent |

|congruent |Having the same measure |

SOL 8.7

|pyramid |A polyhedron with a base that is a polygon and other faces that are triangles with |

| |a common vertex |

|radius |The distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circle |

|surface area |The sum of the areas of all the faces of a three-dimensional figure |

|volume |The number of cubic units needed to fill the space occupied by a solid |

|cone |A geometric solid whose base is a circle and whose side is a surface composed of |

| |line segments connecting points on the base to a fixed point (the vertex) not on |

| |the base |

|cylinder |A solid whose bases are congruent, parallel circles, connected with a curved side |

|diameter |The distance across a circle through its center |

SOL 8.7 (continued)

|prism |A polyhedron with two parallel, congruent faces called bases |

|lateral area of a pyramid |The sum of the areas of the triangular faces. |

|lateral area of a cone |The area of the surface connecting the base with the vertex and is equal to: |

| | |

| |( r l |

|vertex |The point of intersection of 2 or more line segments |

SOL 8.8

|dilation |A transformation that changes the size of a figure by a scale factor to create a |

| |similar figure |

|reflection |A flip of a geometric figure across a line |

|rotation |A turn of a geometric figure around a fixed point. The rotation can be made |

| |clockwise or counterclockwise. |

|transformation |A mapping of a geometric figure |

|translation |A slide of a geometric figure in which all the points on the figure move the same |

| |distance in the same direction |

SOL 8.10

|hypotenuse |The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle |

|legs |The two sides of a right triangle that form the right angle |

|Pythagorean Theorem |In a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse c is equal to the |

| |sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs a and b. c2 = a2 + b2 |

|Pythagorean triple |A set of three integers that satisfy the Pythagorean Theorem |

|right angle |An angle that measure 90 degrees |

|right triangle |A triangle having one right angle |

SOL 8.11

|probability |The ration of the desired outcomes to the total number of possible outcomes |

|theoretical probability |Probability based on known characteristics or facts |

|experimental probability |An estimated probability based on the relative frequency of positive outcomes |

| |occurring during an experiment |

|simple event |A specific outcome or type of outcome |

|compound event |An event which consists of tow or more simple events |

|independent events |Two or more events in which the outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of|

| |the other event(s) |

|dependent events |Two or more events in which the outcome of one event does affect the outcome of the|

| |other event(s) |

SOL 8.12

|histogram |A bar chart representing a frequency distribution; heights of the bars represent |

| |observed frequencies |

|circle graph |A type of statistical graph used to compare parts of a whole. The entire |

| |represents the whole. |

|bar graph |A graphic form using bars to make comparisons of statistics |

|picture graph |A graphic form using pictures to make comparisons of statistics |

|line graph |A type of statistical graph using lines to show how values change over a period of |

| |time. |

|frequency distribution |Shows how often an item, a number, or a range of numbers occurs |

|box-and-whisker plot |A diagram that summarizes data using the median, the upper and lower quartiles, and|

| |the extreme values. A box is drawn around the quartile values and whiskers extend |

| |from each quartile to the extreme data points. |

SOL 8.13

|matrix |A rectangular arrangement of numerical data in rows and columns |

|row |In a matrix, the numbers side by side horizontally form a row |

|column |In a matrix, numbers stacked on top of each other in a vertical arrangement form a |

| |column |

|element |Each number in a matrix is called an element |

SOL 8.14

|function |A relation in which there is one and only one second member (range) for each first |

| |member (domain) |

|function table |A table of values in which a unique value is assigned to the second variable |

| |(range) for each value of the first variable (domain.) |

|nonlinear function |A function that does not have a constant rate of change. The graph of a nonlinear |

| |function is not a straight line. |

|quadratic function |A function in the second degree; any function that an be described by an equation |

| |of the form y=ax2+bx+c, where a ≠ 0 |

|relation |Any set of ordered pairs |

SOL 8.16

|input |The independent (x) value of a function |

|linear equation |An equation in two variables whole graph is a line. (The independent variable is |

| |limited to the first power.) |

|linear function |Function in the first degree whose graph is a line |

|ordered pair (x,y) |A pair of numbers used to locate a point in the coordinate plane. The ordered pair|

| |is written in this form (x-coordinate, y-coordinate.) |

|output |The value of the dependent variable of a function |

|x |Variable commonly used for the domain, independent variable, or the input of a |

| |function |

|y |Variable commonly used for the range, dependent variable, or the output of a |

| |function |

SOL 8.16 (continued)

|coordinate plane |Another name for the coordinate system which is formed by the intersection of two |

| |number lines that meet at right angles at their zero points |

SOL 8.17

|percent equation |An equivalent form of the percent proportion in which the percent is written as a |

| |decimal. Part = Percent . Base |

|percent of change |A ratio that compares the change in a quantity to the original amount |

|percent proportion |Compares part of a quantity to the whole quantity using a percent |

|proportion |A statement of equality of two ratios |

SOL 8.18

|domain |The set of input values in a function |

|range |The set of output values in a function |

|dependent variable |The variable for the output of a function |

|independent variable |The variable for the input of a function. |

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