Vocabulary List - Suffolk City Public Schools
SOL 8.1
|exponents | |
| |Represents repeated multiplication of the number. |
| | |
| |104 |
|order of operations |Defines the order in which operations are performed to simplify an expression. |
|expression |A word used to designate any symbolic mathematical phrase that may contain numbers |
| |and/or variables. |
| | |
| |Expressions do not contain an equal sign |
|Base | |
| |The number that is multiplied in a power. |
| |104 |
|scientific notation |A method used to write very large and very small numbers using the product of a |
| |number that is at least one but less than ten and a power of ten. |
SOL 8.2
|counting number |{1, 2, 3, 4, . . .} |
|natural number |{1, 2, 3, 4, . . .} |
|irrational number |A number that cannot be expressed as an integer or the quotient of integers. |
|rational number |A number that can be expressed as a fraction in the form a/b where a and b do not |
| |equal zero |
|real number |The set of all rational and irrational numbers |
|repeating decimal |A decimal whose digits repeat in groups of one or more |
|subset |Includes real numbers, rational numbers, irrational numbers, integers, whole |
| |numbers, and natural numbers. |
SOL 8.2 (continued)
|terminating decimal |A decimal whose digits end. Every terminating decimal can be written as a fraction|
| |with a denominator of 10, 100, 1,000, and so on. |
|whole number |The set of all the natural numbers and zero: {0, 1, 2, 3, …} |
|integer |The set of whole numbers and their opposites {…-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, . .} |
SOL 8.3
|debit |A deduction from an amount of money |
|deposit |An addition that increases an amount of money |
|discount |A percentage of the original price. The discount is the original price minus the |
| |discount. |
|interest |The amount of money paid or earned for the use of money |
|markup |The amount the price of an item is increased above the price the store paid for the |
| |item |
|principal |The amount of money invested or borrowed |
|ratio |A comparison of two numbers by division |
SOL 8.3 (continued)
|rate |A ratio of two measurements having different units |
|rate of change |A rate that describes how one quantity changes in relation to another |
|scale |The ratio of a given length on a drawing or model to its corresponding length in |
| |reality |
|unit rate |A rate with a denominator of 1 |
SOL 8.4
|replacement value |The number that replaces the variables in an algebraic expression |
|substitute |Replace one variable in one equation with an expression derived from the other |
| |equation |
SOL 8.5
|perfect square |Rational number whose square root is a whole number |
|principal square root |A positive square root |
|radical sign |The symbol used to indicate a nonnegative square root |
|base |The value used as a factor as many times as given by the exponent |
|exponent |The value that tells how many times the base is used as a factor |
SOL 8.6
|complementary angles |Any two angles such that the sum of their measures is 90 degrees |
|supplementary angles |Any two angles such that the sum of their measures is 180 degrees |
|vertical angles |The opposite angles formed by two intersecting lines. Angles are congruent |
|congruent |Having the same measure |
SOL 8.7
|pyramid |A polyhedron with a base that is a polygon and other faces that are triangles with |
| |a common vertex |
|radius |The distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circle |
|surface area |The sum of the areas of all the faces of a three-dimensional figure |
|volume |The number of cubic units needed to fill the space occupied by a solid |
|cone |A geometric solid whose base is a circle and whose side is a surface composed of |
| |line segments connecting points on the base to a fixed point (the vertex) not on |
| |the base |
|cylinder |A solid whose bases are congruent, parallel circles, connected with a curved side |
|diameter |The distance across a circle through its center |
SOL 8.7 (continued)
|prism |A polyhedron with two parallel, congruent faces called bases |
|lateral area of a pyramid |The sum of the areas of the triangular faces. |
|lateral area of a cone |The area of the surface connecting the base with the vertex and is equal to: |
| | |
| |( r l |
|vertex |The point of intersection of 2 or more line segments |
SOL 8.8
|dilation |A transformation that changes the size of a figure by a scale factor to create a |
| |similar figure |
|reflection |A flip of a geometric figure across a line |
|rotation |A turn of a geometric figure around a fixed point. The rotation can be made |
| |clockwise or counterclockwise. |
|transformation |A mapping of a geometric figure |
|translation |A slide of a geometric figure in which all the points on the figure move the same |
| |distance in the same direction |
SOL 8.10
|hypotenuse |The side opposite the right angle in a right triangle |
|legs |The two sides of a right triangle that form the right angle |
|Pythagorean Theorem |In a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse c is equal to the |
| |sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs a and b. c2 = a2 + b2 |
|Pythagorean triple |A set of three integers that satisfy the Pythagorean Theorem |
|right angle |An angle that measure 90 degrees |
|right triangle |A triangle having one right angle |
SOL 8.11
|probability |The ration of the desired outcomes to the total number of possible outcomes |
|theoretical probability |Probability based on known characteristics or facts |
|experimental probability |An estimated probability based on the relative frequency of positive outcomes |
| |occurring during an experiment |
|simple event |A specific outcome or type of outcome |
|compound event |An event which consists of tow or more simple events |
|independent events |Two or more events in which the outcome of one event does not affect the outcome of|
| |the other event(s) |
|dependent events |Two or more events in which the outcome of one event does affect the outcome of the|
| |other event(s) |
SOL 8.12
|histogram |A bar chart representing a frequency distribution; heights of the bars represent |
| |observed frequencies |
|circle graph |A type of statistical graph used to compare parts of a whole. The entire |
| |represents the whole. |
|bar graph |A graphic form using bars to make comparisons of statistics |
|picture graph |A graphic form using pictures to make comparisons of statistics |
|line graph |A type of statistical graph using lines to show how values change over a period of |
| |time. |
|frequency distribution |Shows how often an item, a number, or a range of numbers occurs |
|box-and-whisker plot |A diagram that summarizes data using the median, the upper and lower quartiles, and|
| |the extreme values. A box is drawn around the quartile values and whiskers extend |
| |from each quartile to the extreme data points. |
SOL 8.13
|matrix |A rectangular arrangement of numerical data in rows and columns |
|row |In a matrix, the numbers side by side horizontally form a row |
|column |In a matrix, numbers stacked on top of each other in a vertical arrangement form a |
| |column |
|element |Each number in a matrix is called an element |
SOL 8.14
|function |A relation in which there is one and only one second member (range) for each first |
| |member (domain) |
|function table |A table of values in which a unique value is assigned to the second variable |
| |(range) for each value of the first variable (domain.) |
|nonlinear function |A function that does not have a constant rate of change. The graph of a nonlinear |
| |function is not a straight line. |
|quadratic function |A function in the second degree; any function that an be described by an equation |
| |of the form y=ax2+bx+c, where a ≠ 0 |
|relation |Any set of ordered pairs |
SOL 8.16
|input |The independent (x) value of a function |
|linear equation |An equation in two variables whole graph is a line. (The independent variable is |
| |limited to the first power.) |
|linear function |Function in the first degree whose graph is a line |
|ordered pair (x,y) |A pair of numbers used to locate a point in the coordinate plane. The ordered pair|
| |is written in this form (x-coordinate, y-coordinate.) |
|output |The value of the dependent variable of a function |
|x |Variable commonly used for the domain, independent variable, or the input of a |
| |function |
|y |Variable commonly used for the range, dependent variable, or the output of a |
| |function |
SOL 8.16 (continued)
|coordinate plane |Another name for the coordinate system which is formed by the intersection of two |
| |number lines that meet at right angles at their zero points |
SOL 8.17
|percent equation |An equivalent form of the percent proportion in which the percent is written as a |
| |decimal. Part = Percent . Base |
|percent of change |A ratio that compares the change in a quantity to the original amount |
|percent proportion |Compares part of a quantity to the whole quantity using a percent |
|proportion |A statement of equality of two ratios |
SOL 8.18
|domain |The set of input values in a function |
|range |The set of output values in a function |
|dependent variable |The variable for the output of a function |
|independent variable |The variable for the input of a function. |
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