Vocabulary List - Suffolk City Public Schools



SOL 7.1

|ascending order |Numbers listed in order from smallest to largest |

|decimal |The numbers in the base 10 number system, having one or more places to the right of|

| |a decimal point |

|denominator |The bottom number of a fraction |

|descending order |Numbers listed from largest to smallest |

|equivalent |Having the same value |

|fraction |A number used to name a part of a group or a whole. The number below the bar is the|

| |denominator, and the number above the bar is the numerator. |

|greater than or equal to |Symbols that describe a relationship in which the expression on the left is greater|

| |than the expression on the right |

SOL 7.1 (continued)

|less than or |Symbols that describe a relationship in which the expression on the left is less |

|equal to |than the expression on the right |

|numerator |The top number of a fraction |

|percent |A ratio that compares a number to 100 |

|place value |The use in number systems of the position of a digit in a number to indicate the |

| |value of the digit; the same digit in different place-value positions has different|

| |meanings. For example, the "3" has a value of 0.003 (three thousandths) in the |

| |number 0.1234, but the "3" has a value of 0.3 (three tenths) in the number 0.321. |

|product |The result of two numbers being multiplied together |

|scientific notation |A number written as a product of a number that is at least one but less than 10, |

| |and a power of 10 |

SOL 7.2

|base |In a power, the number used as a factor |

|exponent |In a power, the number that tells how many times the base is used as a factor |

|expression |A mathematical phrase that contains operations, numbers, and/or variables |

|integers |The whole numbers and their opposites |

|order of operations |The rules to follow when more than one operation is used in a numerical expression |

|powers |Numbers expressed using exponents |

|rational numbers |Numbers that can be written as fractions, including terminating and repeating |

| |decimals, and integers |

SOL 7.3

|additive identity |The sum of an addend and zero is the addend. Identity for addition is 0 (zero) |

| |since adding zero to any number will give the number itself. In other words, 0 + a =|

| |a + 0 = a |

|associative property (x,+) |The way in which three numbers are grouped when they are added or multiplied does |

| |not change their sum or product |

|commutative property (x,+) |The order in which two quantities are added or multiplied does not change their sum |

| |or product |

|distributive property |To multiply a sum by a number, multiply each addend of the sum by the number outside|

| |the parentheses |

|equation |A mathematical sentence that contains an equal sign, = |

|inverse |Operations that "undo" each other. Addition and subtraction are inverse operations.|

| |Multiplication and division are inverse operations |

|multiplicative identity |The product of a factor and one is the factor. Identity for multiplication is "1," |

| |because multiplying any number by 1 will not change it. In other words, a x 1 = 1 x |

| |a = a |

SOL 7.3 (continued)

|multiplicative property of zero |The product of any real number and zero is zero. |

SOL 7.4

|discount |The amount by which the regular price of an item is reduced |

|investment |Money that is deposited with an expectation of profit |

|loan |The provision of money temporarily; to lend |

|original price |The cost of an item(s) without a discount, sales tax, or tip included |

|principal |The amount of an investment or a debt |

|rate of interest |The percent charged or earned on an amount of money |

|sales price |Determined by subtracting the discount from the original price of the merchandise |

SOL 7.4 (continued)

|sales tax |An additional amount of money charged on items that people buy |

|simple interest |The amount paid or earned for the use of money |

|tip |Computed on the cost of the service generally without including the tax on the |

| |service |

|total bill |The cost of an item(s) that includes sales tax, discount, or tip |

|checking account balance |An accounting of deposits and withdrawals of money |

|deposit |The act of putting money into a bank |

|withdrawal |The act of taking out money from a bank |

SOL 7.4 (continued)

|total cost of a loan |The sum of the original cost and the interest paid |

|total value of an investment |The sum of the original investment and the interest earned |

SOL 7.5

|checking account balance |An accounting of deposits and withdrawals of money |

|deposit |The act of putting money into a bank |

|withdrawal |The act of taking out money from a bank |

|integers |Set of whole numbers and their opposites {…-2, -1, 0, 1, 2…} |

|sum |The result of addition |

|difference |The result of subtraction |

|zero pairs |A pair of numbers whose sum is zero |

SOL 7.5 (continued)

|quotient |The result of division |

|product |The result of multiplication |

SOL 7.6

|dimension |The measure of the magnitude or size of an object. So the dimensions of a cube are|

| |the length, width and height. These values describe how large the cube is. |

|equivalent fractions |Fractions that have the same value |

|proportion |An equation that shows that two ratios are equivalent |

|rate |A ratio that compares two quantities with different kinds of units |

|scale drawing |A drawing that is similar but either larger or smaller than the actual object |

SOL 7.7

|area |The number of square units needed to cover a surface enclosed by a geometric figure|

|base |The bases of a parallelogram or triangle are any sides of the figure. The bases of|

| |a trapezoid are the parallel sides. |

|perimeter |The distance around a closed geometric figure |

|polygon |A simple, closed figure in a plane formed by three or more line segments |

|rectangle |A parallelogram having four right angles |

|triangle |A three-sided polygon |

|trapezoid |A quadrilateral with exactly one pair of parallel sides |

SOL 7.7 (continued)

|parallelogram |A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides |

|height |The line segment from any vertex of a polygon perpendicular to the base |

SOL 7.8

|circumference |The distance around a circle |

|cylinder |A three-dimensional figure with two parallel, congruent, circular bases |

|diameter |The distance across a circle through its center |

|net |An arrangement of two-dimensional figures that can be folded to form a polyhedron |

|radius |The distance from the center of a circle to any point on the circle |

|rectangular prism |A solid figure that has two parallel and congruent bases that are rectangles |

|volume |The number of cubic units needed to fill the space occupied by a solid |

SOL 7.8 (continued)

|surface area |The sum of the areas of all the surfaces (faces) of a three-dimensional figure |

SOL 7.9

|isosceles trapezoid |A trapezoid with one pair of non-congruent, parallel sides and one pair of |

| |congruent, non-parallel sides |

|trapezoid |A trapezoid with one pair of non-congruent, parallel sides |

|parallel |Two lines are parallel if they are in the same plane and never intersect |

|parallelogram |A quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides |

|quadrilateral |A closed figure having four sides and four angles |

|rhombus |A parallelogram with four congruent sides |

|square |A parallelogram having four right angles and four congruent sides |

SOL 7.10

|decagon |A polygon having ten sides |

|heptagon |A polygon having seven sides |

|polygon |A simple, closed figure in a plane formed by three or more line segments |

|hexagon |A polygon having six sides |

|nonagon |A polygon having nine sides |

|octagon |A polygon having eight sides |

|pentagon |A polygon having five sides |

SOL 7.11

|congruent |Figures or angles that have the same size and shape |

|congruent polygons |Similar polygons for which the ratio of the corresponding sides is one-to-one |

|corresponding angles |Angles that have the same relative positions in geometric figures |

|corresponding sides |Sides that have the same relative positions in geometric figures |

|similar polygons |Figures that have the same shape but not necessarily the same size |

|adjacent sides |Two sides of a polygon that share a common vertex |

SOL 7.12

|coordinate plane |A plane in which a horizontal number line and a vertical number line intersect at |

| |their zero point (origin) |

|horizontal axis |The x-axis in a coordinate plane which spans from left to right |

|ordered pairs |A pair of numbers used to locate a point in a coordinate plane. An ordered pair is|

| |written in the form (x-coordinate, y-coordinate). |

|vertical axis |The y-axis in a coordinate plane which spans from top to bottom |

|quadrants |The four regions created by the two intersecting perpendicular number lines. |

SOL 7.13

|vertical axis |The y-axis in a coordinate plane which spans from top to bottom |

|horizontal axis |The x-axis in a coordinate plane which spans from left to right |

|ordered pairs |A pair of numbers used to locate a point in a coordinate plane. An ordered pair is|

| |written in the form (x-coordinate, y-coordinate). |

|center of rotation |The point about which a figure is rotated |

|origin |The point at which the x-axis and the y-axis intersect in a coordinate plane |

|rotation |A turn of a figure around a fixed point |

|translation |A slide of the figure at which all points on the figure move the same distance in |

| |the same direction |

SOL 7.14

|experimental probability of an event |An estimated probability based on the relative frequency of positive outcomes |

| |occurring during an experiment |

|independent event |Events for which the outcome of one event does not affect the probability of the |

| |other |

|theoretical probability of an event |The ratio of the number of ways an event can occur to the number of possible |

| |outcomes |

SOL 7.15

|sample space |The set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment |

|the fundamental counting principle |Uses multiplication of the number of ways each event in an experiment can occur to |

| |find the number of possible outcomes in a sample space |

|tree diagram |A diagram used to show the total number of possible outcomes in a probability |

| |experiment |

SOL 7.16

|mean |The sum of the data divided by the number of items in the data set |

|measures of central tendency |Numbers that are used to describe the center of a set of data. These measures |

| |include the mean, median, and mode. |

|median |The middle number in a set of data when the data are arranged in numerical order. |

| |If the data has an even number, the median is the mean of the two middle numbers. |

|mode |The number or numbers that appear most often in a set of data |

|outliers |A piece of data that is quite separated from the rest of the data. In a |

| |box-and-whisker plot, data that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range |

| |from the quartiles. |

|range |The difference between the greatest and the least numbers in a set of data |

SOL 7.17

|box-and-whisker plot |A diagram that summarizes data using the median, upper and lower quartiles, and the|

| |extreme values. A box is drawn around the quartile values, and whiskers extend |

| |from each quartile to the extreme data points. |

|cumulative frequency |Includes a running total of the frequencies of all the previous groups |

|frequency distribution |Shows how often an item, a number, or a range of numbers occurs |

|histogram |A special kind of bar graph in which the bars are used to represent the frequency |

| |of numerical data that have been organized in intervals |

|line plot |A graph that uses an x above a number on a number line each time that number occurs|

| |in a set of data |

|quartile |Values that divide a set of data into four equal parts |

|scattergram (scatter plot) |Two sets of related data are plotted as ordered pairs on the same graph |

SOL 7.17 (continued)

|stem-and-leaf plot |A system used to condense a set of data where the greatest place value of the data |

| |forms the stem and the next greatest place value forms the leaves |

|positive relationship |As the value of x increases the value of y increases |

|negative relationship |As the value of x increases the value of y decreases |

|no relationship |The value of x is independent of the value of y |

|range |The difference between the upper extreme and the lower extreme |

|interquartile range |The difference between the upper quartile and the lower quartile |

SOL 7.18

|conjectures |A prediction that suggests what can be expected to happen |

|predictions |A statement made about future occurrences |

SOL 7.19

|arithmetic sequence |A sequence in which each term is found by adding the same number to the previous |

| |term |

|common difference |The amount between each succeeding number in a sequence that is used to obtain the |

| |next number in the sequence |

|common ratio |The ratio of any term in a geometric sequence to the term that precedes it |

|function |A rule that pairs exactly one element of a set with one and only one element of |

| |another set |

|geometric sequence |A sequence in which each term can be found by multiplying the previous term by the |

| |same number |

SOL 7.20

|algebraic equation |An algebraic equation consists of two algebraic expressions and an equal sign |

|algebraic expression |A combination, variables, numbers, and at least one operation |

|verbal expression |A group of numbers, variables, operations |

|verbal sentence |A complete word statement |

SOL 7.21

|expression |A mathematical combination of numbers, variables, and operations |

|inequality |A mathematical sentence that contains the symbols , |

|numerical expression |A combination of numbers and operations |

|variable expression |A combination of variables and operations |

|algebraic equation |An algebraic equation consists of two algebraic expressions and an equal sign |

SOL 7.22

|inverse operation |Operations that "undo" each other. Addition and subtraction are inverse |

| |operations. Multiplication and division are inverse operations. |

|one-step equation |An equation that requires only one operation to solve |

|one-step inequality |An inequality that requires only one operation to solve |

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