Chapter 11. Coordinate Systems
Chapter 11. Coordinate Systems
Objectives: ? Learning the basic properties and uses of
coordinate systems ? Understanding the difference between geographic
coordinates and projected coordinates ? Getting familiar with different types of map
projections ? Managing and troubleshooting coordinate
systems of feature classes and images
David Tenenbaum ? EEOS 281 ? UMB Fall 2010
Georeferencing
? GOAL: To assign a location to all the features represented in our geographic information data
? In order to do so, we need to make use of the following
elements: ? ellipsoid/geoid ? datum
To determine a position on the Earth, you'll need to understand how
? projection
these elements relate to
? coordinate system
each other in order to
? scale
specify a position
? During the next few lectures you will be introduced to these elements
David Tenenbaum ? EEOS 281 ? UMB Fall 2010
Coordinate Systems
? A coordinate system is a standardized method for assigning numeric codes to locations so that locations can be found using the codes alone.
? Standardized coordinate systems use absolute locations.
? In a coordinate system, the x-direction value is the easting and the y-direction value is the northing. Most systems make both values positive.
David Tenenbaum ? EEOS 281 ? UMB Fall 2010
What is a Map?
Definition of Maps:
?A graphic depiction on a flat medium of all or part of a geographic realm in which real world features have been replaced with symbols in their correct spatial location at a reduced scale.
?To map is to transform information from one form to another --- Mathematics
?Earth surface map
Paper --- Geography
David Tenenbaum ? EEOS 281 ? UMB Fall 2010
Models of the Earth
A Sphere
An Ellipsoid
A Geoid
David Tenenbaum ? EEOS 281 ? UMB Fall 2010
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