Template for Draft Reports



Table 3, Chapter 20. Delirium prevention—single interventionsAuthor/YearDescription of PSPStudy Design and patientsTheory or Logic ModelDescription of OrganizationImplementation DetailsOutcomes: BenefitsOutcomes: HarmsInfluence of Contexts on OutcomesOverall Risk of BiasInpatient hospital careAl-Aama et al. 2010 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>Al-Aama</Author><Year>2011</Year><RecNum>573419</RecNum><IDText>Melatonin decreases delirium in elderly patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>573419</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>Melatonin decreases delirium in elderly patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>Al-Aama,T.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Brymer,C.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Gutmanis,I.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Woolmore-Goodwin,S.M.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Esbaugh,J.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Dasgupta,M.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2011/7</Date_Primary><Keywords>aged</Keywords><Keywords>article</Keywords><Keywords>brain protection</Keywords><Keywords>Canada</Keywords><Keywords>comorbidity</Keywords><Keywords>confusion</Keywords><Keywords>confusion assessment method</Keywords><Keywords>controlled study</Keywords><Keywords>*delirium</Keywords><Keywords>di [Diagnosis]</Keywords><Keywords>*delirium</Keywords><Keywords>dm [Disease Management]</Keywords><Keywords>*delirium</Keywords><Keywords>dt [Drug Therapy]</Keywords><Keywords>*delirium</Keywords><Keywords>et [Etiology]</Keywords><Keywords>*delirium</Keywords><Keywords>pc [Prevention]</Keywords><Keywords>disease severi</Keywords><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>687</Start_Page><End_Page>694</End_Page><Periodical>Int J Geriatr Psychiatry</Periodical><Volume>26</Volume><Issue>7</Issue><User_Def_2>MEDLINE - Ovid 8/23/2011, EMBASE (OVID) 7/21/2011, EMBASE (OVID) 7/11/2011</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 7/29/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><ISSN_ISBN>20845391</ISSN_ISBN><Availability>Sharepoint , EPC0018 , SREMEPC18_070711 , SREMEPC18_071911 , SRMLEPC18_082311 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">Int J Geriatr Psychiatry</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>74CanadaLow dose melatonin for patients with hip fractureDouble-blind RCT145 patients aged ≥65?years admitted to internal medicine serviceThe article cites a theory that delirium may be related to abnormal tryptophan metabolism, which can be regulated by melatonin supplementationInternal medicine service in a tertiary care centerStudy medication was?administered (in double-blind fashion) daily between 1,800?and 2,400 h depending upon patient availability and medication administration schedules for up to 14 daysIncidence of delirium:Melatonin:2/56 (3.6%)Placebo:10/52 (19.2%)RR = 0.19(95% CI: 0.04-0.81)P<0.022/61 patients on melatonin had side effects of nightmares or hallucinationsNot applicableModerateLarsen et al. 2010 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>Larsen</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>573345</RecNum><IDText>Administration of olanzapine to prevent postoperative delirium in elderly joint-replacement patients: a randomized, controlled trial</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>573345</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>Administration of olanzapine to prevent postoperative delirium in elderly joint-replacement patients: a randomized, controlled trial</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>Larsen,K.A.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Kelly,S.E.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Stern,T.A.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Bode,R.H.,Jr.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Price,L.L.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Hunter,D.J.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Gulczynski,D.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Bierbaum,B.E.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Sweeney,G.A.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Hoikala,K.A.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Cotter,J.J.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Potter,A.W.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2010/9</Date_Primary><Keywords>Aged</Keywords><Keywords>*Antipsychotic Agents</Keywords><Keywords>tu [Therapeutic Use]</Keywords><Keywords>*Arthroplasty,Replacement,Hip</Keywords><Keywords>*Arthroplasty,Replacement,Knee</Keywords><Keywords>*Benzodiazepines</Keywords><Keywords>tu [Therapeutic Use]</Keywords><Keywords>Chi-Square Distribution</Keywords><Keywords>Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>et [Etiology]</Keywords><Keywords>*Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>pc [Prevention &amp; Control]</Keywords><Keywords>Double-Blind Method</Keywords><Keywords>F</Keywords><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>409</Start_Page><End_Page>418</End_Page><Periodical>Psychosomatics</Periodical><Volume>51</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><User_Def_2>MEDLINE - Ovid 8/23/2011, MEDLINE - Ovid 7/11/2011</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 9/7/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><ISSN_ISBN>20833940</ISSN_ISBN><Availability>Sharepoint , EPC0018 , SRMLEPC18_070711 , SRMLEPC18_082311 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><Address>Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, New England Baptist Hospital, Boston, MA, USA</Address><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">Psychosomatics</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>75USAAtypical antipsychoticPerioperative olanzapine (5?mg orally before and after surgery) or placebo to prevent postop delirium in elderly patients after joint replacement surgeryDouble-blind RCT400 patients aged ≥65?years under-going elective knee or hip replace-ment surgeryOlanzapine is an antipsychotic with some prior evidence of efficacy for delirium treatment and prevention.Academic hospitalPerioperative olanzapine (5 mg orally) or placebo was administered before and after surgery by nurses not involved in ongoing care of the patients.Incidence of delirium:Olanzapine:28 (14.3%)Placebo:82 (40.2%)RR = 0.36(95% CI: 0.24-0.52)P<0.0001The difference was also significant in separate subgroups (knee replacement, hip replacement)Severity of delirium was greater in the olanzapine group (DRSR-98 score: 16.44?vs. 14.5, p?=?0.02), and lasted longer (2.2 vs. 1.6?days, p?=?0.02). Medical complications did not differ significantly between groups.Not applicableModeratePrakanrattana and Prapaitrakool 2007 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>Prakanrattana</Author><Year>2007</Year><RecNum>574434</RecNum><IDText>Efficacy of risperidone for prevention of postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>574434</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>Efficacy of risperidone for prevention of postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>Prakanrattana,U.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Prapaitrakool,S.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2007/10</Date_Primary><Keywords>*Antipsychotic Agents</Keywords><Keywords>tu [Therapeutic Use]</Keywords><Keywords>Coronary Artery Bypass</Keywords><Keywords>Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>ep [Epidemiology]</Keywords><Keywords>*Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>pc [Prevention &amp; Control]</Keywords><Keywords>Epidemiologic Methods</Keywords><Keywords>Female</Keywords><Keywords>Humans</Keywords><Keywords>Male</Keywords><Keywords>Middle Aged</Keywords><Keywords>Postoperative Complications</Keywords><Keywords>ep [Epidemiology]</Keywords><Keywords>*Postoperative Complication</Keywords><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>714</Start_Page><End_Page>719</End_Page><Periodical>Anaesth Intensive Care</Periodical><Volume>35</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><User_Def_2>MEDLINE - Ovid 7/21/2011</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 7/29/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><ISSN_ISBN>17933157</ISSN_ISBN><Availability>Sharepoint , EPC0018 , SRMLEPC18_071911 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><Address>Department of Anaesthesiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand</Address><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">Anaesth Intensive Care</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>76ThailandAtypical antipsychoticRisperidone (1 mg) or placebo taken orally (sublingually) a single time following cardiac surgeryDouble-blind RCT126 patients aged >40?years undergoing elective cardiac surgeryRisperidone is an antipsychotic with some previous evidence of efficacy for treatment of deliriumAcademic hospitalRisperidone (1 mg orally) or placebo was given by nurses when patients began to wake in the ICUPost-op delirium:Risperidone:7/63 (11.1%)Placebo:20/63 (31.7%)RR = 0.35(95% CI: 0.16-0.77)P = 0.009None reported (post-op complications did not differ significantly between groups)Not applicableLowSieber et al. 2010 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>Sieber</Author><Year>2010</Year><RecNum>573353</RecNum><IDText>Sedation depth during spinal anesthesia and the development of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture repair.[Erratum appears in Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Apr;85(4):400 Note: Dosage error in article text</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>573353</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>Sedation depth during spinal anesthesia and the development of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture repair.[Erratum appears in Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Apr;85(4):400 Note: Dosage error in article text</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>Sieber,F.E.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Zakriya,K.J.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Gottschalk,A.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Blute,M.R.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Lee,H.B.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Rosenberg,P.B.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Mears,S.C.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2010/1</Date_Primary><Keywords>Aged,80 and over</Keywords><Keywords>*Anesthesia,Spinal</Keywords><Keywords>ae [Adverse Effects]</Keywords><Keywords>*Conscious Sedation</Keywords><Keywords>ae [Adverse Effects]</Keywords><Keywords>*Deep Sedation</Keywords><Keywords>ae [Adverse Effects]</Keywords><Keywords>Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>ci [Chemically Induced]</Keywords><Keywords>*Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>et [Etiology]</Keywords><Keywords>Double-Blind Method</Keywords><Keywords>Female</Keywords><Keywords>*Hip Fractures</Keywords><Keywords>su [Surgery]</Keywords><Keywords>Humans</Keywords><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>18</Start_Page><End_Page>26</End_Page><Periodical>Mayo Clin Proc</Periodical><Volume>85</Volume><Issue>1</Issue><User_Def_2>MEDLINE - Ovid 8/23/2011, EMBASE (OVID) 7/21/2011, MEDLINE - Ovid 7/11/2011</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 7/29/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><ISSN_ISBN>20042557</ISSN_ISBN><Availability>Sharepoint , EPC0018 , SRMLEPC18_070711 , SREMEPC18_071911 , SRMLEPC18_082311 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><Address>Department of Anesthesiology &amp; Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, 4940 Eastern Ave, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA. fsieber1@jhmi.edu</Address><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">Mayo Clin Proc</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>12USALight propofol sedation during hip?repair surgeryDouble-blind RCT114 patients aged ≥65?years under-going hip fracture repairThe authors hypothesized that minimizing sedation depth during spinal anesthesia for hip fracture repair in elderly patients could decrease the occurrence of postop deliriumAcademic medical centerImplemented by anesthesiologists during surgery.Post-op delirium:Light sedation:11/57 (19%)Deep sedation: 23/57 (40%)RR = 0.48(95% CI: 0.26-0.89)P = 0.02Complication rates were similar in both?groups.Light sedation: 26/57 (46%)Deep sedation: 30/57 (53%p = 0.57Not applicableModerateMaldonado et al. 2009 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>Maldonado</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>576307</RecNum><IDText>Dexmedetomidine and the reduction of postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>576307</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>Dexmedetomidine and the reduction of postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>Maldonado,J.R.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Wysong,A.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>van der Starre,P.J.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Block,T.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Miller,C.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Reitz,B.A.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2009/5</Date_Primary><Keywords>Adult</Keywords><Keywords>Aged</Keywords><Keywords>*Cardiopulmonary Bypass</Keywords><Keywords>Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>chemically induced</Keywords><Keywords>diagnosis</Keywords><Keywords>*drug therapy</Keywords><Keywords>Dexmedetomidine</Keywords><Keywords>adverse effects</Keywords><Keywords>*therapeutic use</Keywords><Keywords>Dose-Response Relationship,Drug</Keywords><Keywords>Drug Administration Schedule</Keywords><Keywords>Female</Keywords><Keywords>Follow-Up Studies</Keywords><Keywords>Heart Valve Diseases</Keywords><Keywords>*surgery</Keywords><Keywords>He</Keywords><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>206</Start_Page><End_Page>217</End_Page><Periodical>Psychosomatics</Periodical><Volume>50</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><User_Def_2>MEDLINE - Ovid 8/10/2011</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 8/10/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><ISSN_ISBN>19567759</ISSN_ISBN><Availability>Sharepoint , EPC0018 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><Address>Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd., Suite 2317, Stanford, CA 94305-5546, USA. jrm@stanford.edu</Address><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">Psychosomatics</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>17USADifferent types of postop sedation after?cardiac surgeryRCT118 patients aged ≥18?years under-going elective cardiac valve surgeryThe authors hypothesized that dexmedetomidine may be associated with a lower incidence of delirium due to its pharmacologic propertiesAcademic medical centerImplemented in the ICU following cardiac surgery. Patients were randomized to three different sedatives.Post-op delirium (Intention-to-treat):Dexmedetomidine: 4/40 (10%)Propofol:16/36 (44%)Midazolam:17/40 (44%)p<0.001Per protocol analysis also significantly different (p<0.001)Not reportedNot applicableHighShehabi et al. 2009 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>Shehabi</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>577783</RecNum><IDText>Prevalence of delirium with dexmedetomidine compared with morphine based therapy after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial (DEXmedetomidine COmpared to Morphine-DEXCOM Study)</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>577783</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>Prevalence of delirium with dexmedetomidine compared with morphine based therapy after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial (DEXmedetomidine COmpared to Morphine-DEXCOM Study)</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>Shehabi,Y.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Grant,P.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Wolfenden,H.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Hammond,N.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Bass,F.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Campbell,M.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Chen,J.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2009/11</Date_Primary><Keywords>*Adrenergic alpha-Agonists</Keywords><Keywords>ae [Adverse Effects]</Keywords><Keywords>Aged</Keywords><Keywords>*Analgesics,Opioid</Keywords><Keywords>ae [Adverse Effects]</Keywords><Keywords>*Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>ci [Chemically Induced]</Keywords><Keywords>*Dexmedetomidine</Keywords><Keywords>ae [Adverse Effects]</Keywords><Keywords>Double-Blind Method</Keywords><Keywords>Female</Keywords><Keywords>Humans</Keywords><Keywords>*Hypnotics and Sedatives</Keywords><Keywords>ae [Adverse Effects]</Keywords><Keywords>Intensive</Keywords><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>1075</Start_Page><End_Page>1084</End_Page><Periodical>Anesthesiology</Periodical><Volume>111</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><User_Def_2>MEDLINE - Ovid 8/23/2011</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 9/7/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><ISSN_ISBN>19786862</ISSN_ISBN><Availability>Sharepoint , EPC0018 , SRMLEPC18_082311 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><Address>University of New South Wales Clinical School, Sydney, Australia. y.shehabi@unsw.edu.au</Address><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">Anesthesiology</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>77AustraliaSedationDexmedetomidine vs. morphine, effect on prevalence of delirium in patients at?least 60?years old after cardiac surgeryDouble-blind RCT306 patients aged ≥60?years under-going cardiac surgeryDexmedetomidine is a selective and potent α2?adrenergic receptor agonist. In?theory, it’s?specificity may provide an advantage for delirium prevention compared to other postsurgical sedatives or analgesicsTwo tertiary referral academic hospitalsStudy drug infusion began at 3 ml/h within?1 h of admission to the ICU; dexmedetomidine dose was 0.10.7??g/kg; morphine dose was 10-70 ?g/kg; a propofol infusion and/or boluses were given if deemed necessary for rapid control of hypertensive episodes or unplanned awakening; open label morphine was allowed in the dexmed group to achieve equivalent analgesia, and propofol was allowed in the morphine arm to maintain equivalent sedation; drug infusion was continued until removal of chest drains when patient was ready for discharge from ICU, or for up to 48?h of mechanical ventilation.Incident Delirium:Dexmedetomidine: 13/152 (8.6%)Morphine:22/147 (15%)Rate Ratio: 0.57 (95% CI: 0.26-1.1), P?= 0.09Duration of delirium, median:Dexmedetomidine: 2?daysMorphine: 5 days(95% CI: 1.1-6.7)P = 0.03Bradycardia occurred more often in Dex group (16.5%) than in the Morphine group (6.1%)P = 0.006Systolic hypotension occurred more often in Morphine group (38.1%) compared to Dex group (23%)P = 0.006Not applicableModerateHudetz et al. 2009 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>Hudetz</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>574430</RecNum><IDText>Ketamine attenuates delirium after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>574430</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>Ketamine attenuates delirium after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>Hudetz,J.A.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Patterson,K.M.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Iqbal,Z.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Gandhi,S.D.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Byrne,A.J.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Hudetz,A.G.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Warltier,D.C.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Pagel,P.S.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2009/10</Date_Primary><Keywords>Aged</Keywords><Keywords>Aged,80 and over</Keywords><Keywords>*Cardiac Surgical Procedures</Keywords><Keywords>ae [Adverse Effects]</Keywords><Keywords>*Cardiopulmonary Bypass</Keywords><Keywords>ae [Adverse Effects]</Keywords><Keywords>Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>et [Etiology]</Keywords><Keywords>*Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>pc [Prevention &amp; Control]</Keywords><Keywords>Humans</Keywords><Keywords>Inflammation Mediators</Keywords><Keywords>tu [Therapeutic Use]</Keywords><Keywords>*Ketamine</Keywords><Keywords>tu [Therapeutic U</Keywords><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>651</Start_Page><End_Page>657</End_Page><Periodical>J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth</Periodical><Volume>23</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><User_Def_2>MEDLINE - Ovid 8/23/2011, MEDLINE - Ovid 7/21/2011</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 7/29/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><ISSN_ISBN>19231245</ISSN_ISBN><Availability>Sharepoint , EPC0018 , SRMLEPC18_071911 , SRMLEPC18_082311 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><Address>Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin and Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Administration Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA. judith.hudetz@</Address><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>78USAAnesthetic (NMDA receptor antagonist)Ketamine during anesthetic induction in older patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.RCT58 patients aged ≥55?years under-going cardiac surgery with CPB.Citing prior evidence that ketamine may have neuroprotective effects, the authors hypothesized that a single dose of ketamine during anesthetic induction would attenuate postop delirium in older patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB.Veterans Affairs medical centerKetamine (0.5 mg/kg) or placebo was administered intravenously during anesthetic induction for cardiac surgery.Post-op delirium:Ketamine:1/29 (3.4%)Placebo:9/29 (31%)RR = 0.11(95% CI: 0.02-0.81)P = 0.01Not reportedNot applicableModerateMouzopoulos et al. 2009 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>Mouzopoulos</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>574462</RecNum><IDText>Fascia iliaca block prophylaxis for hip fracture patients at risk for delirium: a randomized placebo-controlled study</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>574462</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>Fascia iliaca block prophylaxis for hip fracture patients at risk for delirium: a randomized placebo-controlled study</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>Mouzopoulos,G.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Vasiliadis,G.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Lasanianos,N.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Nikolaras,G.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Morakis,E.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Kaminaris,M.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2009</Date_Primary><Keywords>aged</Keywords><Keywords>article</Keywords><Keywords>clinical trial</Keywords><Keywords>controlled clinical trial</Keywords><Keywords>controlled study</Keywords><Keywords>*delirium</Keywords><Keywords>co [Complication]</Keywords><Keywords>*delirium</Keywords><Keywords>dt [Drug Therapy]</Keywords><Keywords>*delirium</Keywords><Keywords>pc [Prevention]</Keywords><Keywords>disease duration</Keywords><Keywords>disease severity</Keywords><Keywords>drug efficacy</Keywords><Keywords>female</Keywords><Keywords>high risk patient</Keywords><Keywords>*hip fracture</Keywords><Keywords>human</Keywords><Keywords>major cli</Keywords><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>127</Start_Page><End_Page>133</End_Page><Periodical>J Orthop Traumatol</Periodical><Volume>10</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><User_Def_2>EMBASE (OVID) 8/23/2011, EMBASE (OVID) 7/21/2011</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 7/29/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><Availability>Sharepoint , EPC0018 , SREMEPC18_071911 , SREMEPC18_082311 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><Address>(Mouzopoulos, Lasanianos, Nikolaras, Morakis, Kaminaris) Orthopaedic Department, Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece (Vasiliadis) Euromedica Geniki Kliniki of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (Vasiliadis) 3rd Department of Neurology, Aristotle&apos;s University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece (Mouzopoulos) Post-Graduate Department of Biostatistics, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece (Mouzopoulos) Sof. Venizelou 23, Peristeri Attikis 12131 Athens, Greece</Address><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">J Orthop Traumatol</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>79GreeceLocal anestheticFascia iliac block prophylaxis (via Bupivacaine) for hip?fracture patientsRCT207 patients aged ≥70?years admitted for hip fractureThe authors cite prior studies suggesting that hip fracture patients are at increased risk of delirium due to severe pain; therefore, a fascia iliac block might prevent delirium by preventing severe pain.Hospital (type not reported) (980 beds)Bupivacaine was injected on admission (in blinded fashion) and repeated daily every 24 h until delirium occurrence or hip surgery; 24 hr after surgery it was re-administered and repeated daily until delirium occurrence or discharge.Incident delirium:Prophylaxis:10.8% (11/102)Placebo:23.8% (25/105)OR = 0.45(95% CI: 0.23-0.87)No complications other than 3?local hematomas at injection site which resolved spontaneouslyNot applicableModerateGamberini et al. 2009 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>Gamberini</Author><Year>2009</Year><RecNum>571630</RecNum><IDText>Rivastigmine for the prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery--a randomized controlled trial</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>571630</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>Rivastigmine for the prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery--a randomized controlled trial</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>Gamberini,M.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Bolliger,D.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Lurati Buse,G.A.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Burkhart,C.S.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Grapow,M.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Gagneux,A.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Filipovic,M.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Seeberger,M.D.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Pargger,H.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Siegemund,M.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Carrel,T.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Seiler,W.O.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Berres,M.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Strebel,S.P.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Monsch,A.U.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Steiner,L.A.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2009/5</Date_Primary><Keywords>Administration,Oral</Keywords><Keywords>Age Factors</Keywords><Keywords>Aged</Keywords><Keywords>Aged,80 and over</Keywords><Keywords>*Cardiac Surgical Procedures</Keywords><Keywords>ae [Adverse Effects]</Keywords><Keywords>Cardiac Surgical Procedures</Keywords><Keywords>mt [Methods]</Keywords><Keywords>Cardiopulmonary Bypass</Keywords><Keywords>ae [Adverse Effects]</Keywords><Keywords>Cardiopulmonary Bypass</Keywords><Keywords>mt [Methods]</Keywords><Keywords>Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>ep [Epidemiology]</Keywords><Keywords>*</Keywords><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>1762</Start_Page><End_Page>1768</End_Page><Periodical>Crit Care Med</Periodical><Volume>37</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><User_Def_2>MEDLINE - Ovid 8/23/2011, MEDLINE - Ovid 7/11/2011, MEDLINE - Ovid 6/15/2011</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 6/22/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><ISSN_ISBN>19325490</ISSN_ISBN><Availability>Sharepoint , EPC0018 , SRPMEPC18_061011 , SRMLEPC18_070711 , SRMLEPC18_082311 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><Address>Department of Anesthesia, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland</Address><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">Crit Care Med</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>80SwitzerlandAcetylchol-inesterase inhibitorRivastigmine administered every 8 hrs from night before surgery until 6th postop day in a high-risk group of elderly patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with CPBDouble-blind RCT120 patients aged ≥65?years under-going elective cardiac surgery with CPBBased on prior studies suggesting cholinesterase inhibitors can successfully treat delirium, the authors hypothesized that short-term administration of oral rivastigmine would reduce the incidence of postop delirium in a high-risk group of elderly patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with CPBAcademic hospitalRivastigmine administered every 8?hrs as a colorless odorless solution from night before surgery until 6th postop dayIncident delirium as assessed by CAM:Rivastigmine:18/56 (32%)Placebo:17/57 (30%)RR = 1.12(95% CI: 0.50-2.48)P = 0.80No significant between-group difference for any adverse events.Not applicableLowLiptzin et al. 2005 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>Liptzin</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>574441</RecNum><IDText>Donepezil in the prevention and treatment of post-surgical delirium</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>574441</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>Donepezil in the prevention and treatment of post-surgical delirium</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>Liptzin,B.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Laki,A.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Garb,J.L.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Fingeroth,R.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Krushell,R.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2005/12</Date_Primary><Keywords>Aged</Keywords><Keywords>Aged,80 and over</Keywords><Keywords>*Cholinesterase Inhibitors</Keywords><Keywords>tu [Therapeutic Use]</Keywords><Keywords>Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>dt [Drug Therapy]</Keywords><Keywords>*Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>pc [Prevention &amp; Control]</Keywords><Keywords>Double-Blind Method</Keywords><Keywords>Female</Keywords><Keywords>Humans</Keywords><Keywords>*Indans</Keywords><Keywords>tu [Therapeutic Use]</Keywords><Keywords>Male</Keywords><Keywords>Middle Aged</Keywords><Keywords>Pilot Projects</Keywords><Keywords>*Piperidines</Keywords><Keywords>tu [Therapeut</Keywords><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>1100</Start_Page><End_Page>1106</End_Page><Periodical>Am J Geriatr Psychiatry</Periodical><Volume>13</Volume><Issue>12</Issue><User_Def_2>MEDLINE - Ovid 7/21/2011</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 7/29/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><ISSN_ISBN>16319303</ISSN_ISBN><Availability>Sharepoint , EPC0018 , SRMLEPC18_071911 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><Address>Department of Psychiatry, Baystate Medical Center, 759 Chestnut Street (S1581), Springfield, MA 01199, USA. benjamin.liptzin@</Address><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">Am J Geriatr Psychiatry</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>81USAAcetylchol-inesterase inhibitorDonepezil (given at 5?mg/day) or placebo for 14 days preop and 14?days postop in patients undergoing total joint replacement (knee or hip)Double-blind RCT80 patients aged ≥50?years under-going knee or joint replace-mentDonepezil is a cholinesterase inhibitor (disruption in cholinergic transmission is thought to be in causal pathway of delirium)Academic medical centerEach patient was evaluated before surgery then given either Donepezil (given at 5 mg/day) or placebo for 14 days preop and 14 days postopPost-op delirium:Donepezil:8/39 (20.5%)Control:7/41 (17.1%)Rate Ratio = 1.2(95% CI: 0.6-2.6)P = 0.69Not reportedNot applicableModerateMcCaffrey et al. 2006 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>McCaffrey</Author><Year>2006</Year><RecNum>576561</RecNum><IDText>The effect of music on pain and acute confusion in older adults undergoing hip and knee surgery</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>576561</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>The effect of music on pain and acute confusion in older adults undergoing hip and knee surgery</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>McCaffrey,R.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Locsin,R.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2006/9</Date_Primary><Keywords>Aged</Keywords><Keywords>Aged,80 and over</Keywords><Keywords>Arthroplasty,Replacement,Hip</Keywords><Keywords>*adverse effects</Keywords><Keywords>nursing</Keywords><Keywords>Arthroplasty,Replacement,Knee</Keywords><Keywords>*adverse effects</Keywords><Keywords>nursing</Keywords><Keywords>Confusion</Keywords><Keywords>nursing</Keywords><Keywords>*prevention &amp; control</Keywords><Keywords>Female</Keywords><Keywords>Geriatric Assessment</Keywords><Keywords>methods</Keywords><Keywords>Holistic Nursing</Keywords><Keywords>*methods</Keywords><Keywords>Humans</Keywords><Keywords>Male</Keywords><Keywords>Middl</Keywords><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>218</Start_Page><End_Page>224</End_Page><Periodical>Holist Nurs Pract</Periodical><Volume>20</Volume><Issue>5</Issue><User_Def_2>MEDLINE - Ovid 8/11/2011</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 8/17/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><ISSN_ISBN>16974175</ISSN_ISBN><Availability>Sharepoint , EPC0018 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><Address>Christine E Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA. rmccaffr@fau.edu</Address><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">Holist Nurs Pract</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>82USAMusic therapy (musical selection with bedside CD turned on 13?times/day + standard postop care from anesthesia awakening time until discharged) for patients undergoing hip or knee surgeryRCT (music therapy + usual care vs. usual?care alone)124 patients aged ≥65?years under-going elective hip or knee surgeryPrior studies have shown evidence that music can improve cognition and calm agitated patientsLarge tertiary care centerNurses blinded to room designation made room assignments. Various CDs were available in the music therapy rooms. Music was played when patients were awakening from anesthesia. CD was set to play for 1 hour 4 times daily. Also, nurses were asked to turn on the music each time they entered the room, and family members and patients were instructed how to use the CD player. Research assistants checked that CD players were working and that the music and timing of play suited patient preferences.Patients who experienced acute confusion:Music therapy:2/62 (3.2%)Usual care:36/62 (58.1%)RR = 0.06(95% CI: 0.01-0.22)P<0.0001None reportedNot applicableHighMcCaffrey and Locsin 2004 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>McCaffrey</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>529305</RecNum><IDText>The effect of music listening on acute confusion and delirium in elders undergoing elective hip and knee surgery</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>529305</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>The effect of music listening on acute confusion and delirium in elders undergoing elective hip and knee surgery</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>McCaffrey,R.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Locsin,R.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2004</Date_Primary><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>91</Start_Page><Periodical>J Clin Nurs</Periodical><Volume>13</Volume><Issue>s2</Issue><User_Def_2>Hand Entry 10/5/2009</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 8/17/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><Availability>ZZZ_NGC0001 , NGC0010 , Sharepoint , NGC0001 , EPC0018 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">J Clin Nurs</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>83USAMusic therapy (musical selection with bedside CD turned on 13?times/day + standard postop care from anesthesia awakening time until discharged) for patients undergoing elective hip and knee surgeryRCT (music therapy + usual care vs. usual?care alone)66 patients aged ≥65?years under-going elective hip or knee surgeryPrior studies have shown evidence that music can improve cognition and calm agitated patientsLarge tertiary care centerNurses blinded to room designation made room assignments. Various CDs were available in the music therapy rooms. Music was played when patients were awakening from anesthesia. CD was set to play for 1 hour 3 times daily. Also, nurses were asked to turn on the music each time they entered the room, and family members and patients were instructed how to use the CD player. Research assistants checked that CD players were working and that the music and timing of play suited patient preferences.Significantly fewer patients in the music therapy group had episodes of confusion and delirium (F = 19.568, P = 0.001)None reportedNot applicableHighKalisvaart et al. 2005 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>Kalisvaart</Author><Year>2005</Year><RecNum>573392</RecNum><IDText>Haloperidol prophylaxis for elderly hip-surgery patients at risk for delirium: a randomized placebo-controlled study</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>573392</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>Haloperidol prophylaxis for elderly hip-surgery patients at risk for delirium: a randomized placebo-controlled study</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>Kalisvaart,K.J.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>de Jonghe,J.F.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Bogaards,M.J.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Vreeswijk,R.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Egberts,T.C.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Burger,B.J.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Eikelenboom,P.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>van Gool,W.A.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2005/10</Date_Primary><Keywords>Aged</Keywords><Keywords>Aged,80 and over</Keywords><Keywords>Antipsychotic Agents</Keywords><Keywords>ae [Adverse Effects]</Keywords><Keywords>*Antipsychotic Agents</Keywords><Keywords>tu [Therapeutic Use]</Keywords><Keywords>*Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>pc [Prevention &amp; Control]</Keywords><Keywords>Double-Blind Method</Keywords><Keywords>Female</Keywords><Keywords>Haloperidol</Keywords><Keywords>ae [Adverse Effects]</Keywords><Keywords>*Haloperidol</Keywords><Keywords>tu [Therapeutic Use]</Keywords><Keywords>*Hip Fractures</Keywords><Keywords>su</Keywords><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>1658</Start_Page><End_Page>1666</End_Page><Periodical>J Am Geriatr Soc</Periodical><Volume>53</Volume><Issue>10</Issue><User_Def_2>MEDLINE - Ovid 7/21/2011, MEDLINE - Ovid 7/11/2011</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 7/29/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><ISSN_ISBN>16181163</ISSN_ISBN><Availability>Sharepoint , EPC0018 , SRMLEPC18_070711 , SRMLEPC18_071911 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><Address>Department of Geriatric Medicine, Medical Center Alkmaar, Alkmaar, The Netherlands. k.kalisvaart@mca.nl</Address><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">J Am Geriatr Soc</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>84The NetherlandsTypical antipsychoticHaloperidol or placebo (0.5?mg 3?times daily) was started on admission and continued until 3 days postop to prevent delirium after hip surgeryDouble-blind RCT430 patients aged ≥70?years under-going hip surgeryHaloperidol is a dopamine antagonist which can enhance acetylcholine release. Since delirium is highly associated with cholinergic deficiency, the?authors hypothesized that haloperidol may have an indirect beneficial effect on delirium.Teaching hospitalHaloperidol (0.5 mg 3?times daily) or placebo was started on admission and continued until 3 days after surgery. Experienced geriatric nurses and geriatricians provided proactive geriatric consultation (based on a structured multimodal protocol) to all patients.Post-op delirium:Haloperidol:32/212 (15.1%)Placebo:36/218 (16.5%)RR = 0.91 (95% CI 0.59-1.42)P = 0.69Duration of delirium (days):Haloperidol: 5.4±4.9Placebo: 11.8±7.5P<0.001No drug-related side effects were reportedNot applicableModerateAizawa et al. 2002 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>Aizawa</Author><Year>2002</Year><RecNum>576559</RecNum><IDText>A novel approach to the prevention of postoperative delirium in the elderly after gastrointestinal surgery</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>576559</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>A novel approach to the prevention of postoperative delirium in the elderly after gastrointestinal surgery</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>Aizawa,K.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Kanai,T.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Saikawa,Y.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Takabayashi,T.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Kawano,Y.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Miyazawa,N.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Yamamoto,T.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2002</Date_Primary><Keywords>Aged</Keywords><Keywords>Aged,80 and over</Keywords><Keywords>Analgesics,Opioid</Keywords><Keywords>administration &amp; dosage</Keywords><Keywords>Anti-Anxiety Agents</Keywords><Keywords>*administration &amp; dosage</Keywords><Keywords>Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>etiology</Keywords><Keywords>*prevention &amp; control</Keywords><Keywords>Diazepam</Keywords><Keywords>administration &amp; dosage</Keywords><Keywords>Digestive System Surgical Procedures</Keywords><Keywords>*adverse effects</Keywords><Keywords>Drug Therapy,Com</Keywords><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>310</Start_Page><End_Page>314</End_Page><Periodical>Surg Today</Periodical><Volume>32</Volume><Issue>4</Issue><User_Def_2>MEDLINE - Ovid 8/11/2011</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 8/17/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><ISSN_ISBN>12027195</ISSN_ISBN><Availability>Sharepoint , EPC0018 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><Address>Department of Surgery, Hiratsuka City Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan</Address><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">Surg Today</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>85JapanBenzo-diazepinesDiazepam + flunitrazepam drip infusion and pethidine drip infusion for first 3?days (day of operation and first 2 postop days) in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgeryRCT (delirium-free protocol [DFP] vs. non-DFP)40 patients aged >70?years under-going gastro-intestinal surgerySleep-wake cycle disorders have been reported to be associated with postop delirium, so medications that target sleep cycle disorders might prevent deliriumA city hospital, no?other details providedDiazepam (0.1?mg/kg intramuscular) + flunitrazepam (0.04?mg/kg drip infusion) and pethidine (1 mg/kg drip infusion) at specific times during first 3 days (day of operation and first 2?postop days)Incidence of post-op delirium:DFP:1/20 (5%)Non-DFP:7/20 (35%)P = 0.023DFP was reported to cause “morning lethargy” in 8/20 patients (40%). No other side effects were reported.Not applicableHighLong-term careMentes and Culp 2003 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>Mentes</Author><Year>2003</Year><RecNum>387286</RecNum><IDText>Reducing hydration-linked events in nursing home residents</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>387286</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>Reducing hydration-linked events in nursing home residents</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>Mentes,J.C.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Culp,K.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2003/8</Date_Primary><Keywords>Aged</Keywords><Keywords>Aged,80 and over</Keywords><Keywords>Comparative Study</Keywords><Keywords>Confusion</Keywords><Keywords>etiology</Keywords><Keywords>prevention &amp; control</Keywords><Keywords>Dehydration</Keywords><Keywords>complications</Keywords><Keywords>*prevention &amp; control</Keywords><Keywords>*Fluid Therapy</Keywords><Keywords>Human</Keywords><Keywords>Iowa</Keywords><Keywords>*Nursing Homes</Keywords><Keywords>Respiratory Tract Infections</Keywords><Keywords>etiology</Keywords><Keywords>prevention &amp; control</Keywords><Keywords>Risk Factors</Keywords><Keywords>Specific Grav</Keywords><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>210</Start_Page><End_Page>225</End_Page><Periodical>Clin Nurs Res</Periodical><Volume>12</Volume><Issue>3</Issue><User_Def_2>MEDLINE - Ovid 8/11/2011, MEDLINE - Ovid 7/10/2008, MEDLINE 4/30/2004</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 8/17/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><ISSN_ISBN>12918647</ISSN_ISBN><Availability>ZZZ_NGC0001 , NGC0010 , SP0037 , Sharepoint , NGC0001 , EPC0018 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><Address>School of Nursing, University of California Los Angeles, USA</Address><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">Clin Nurs Res</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>86USAHydration (individually calculated fluid intake goal) over an 8-week period in nursing home residents aged ≥65?yearsQuasi-RCT (randomization by coin toss of different partici-pating facilities)49 participants aged ≥65 yearsPrior studies have shown that chronic under-hydration may lead to delirium and other adverse events2 Veteran’s Administration (VA), 2?community nursing homesAll RNs responsible for coordinating implementation at their site received intensive training on intervention/ usual care implementation. The project director made weekly visits to each site to ensure that the protocol was being implemented. RNs were responsible for most implementation details with assistance from NAs. NAs were responsible for providing fluids for participants.Episodes of acute confusion:Treatment:0/25 (0%)Control:2/24 (8.2%)P = not significantNone reportedNot clear, but the possibility was raised that control group staff might have altered their standard hydration practices due to awareness of research staff data collection.HighMoretti et al. 2004 ADDIN REFMGR.CITE <Refman><Cite><Author>Moretti</Author><Year>2004</Year><RecNum>576560</RecNum><IDText>Cholinesterase inhibition as a possible therapy for delirium in vascular dementia: a controlled, open 24-month study of 246 patients</IDText><MDL Ref_Type="Journal"><Ref_Type>Journal</Ref_Type><Ref_ID>576560</Ref_ID><Title_Primary>Cholinesterase inhibition as a possible therapy for delirium in vascular dementia: a controlled, open 24-month study of 246 patients</Title_Primary><Authors_Primary>Moretti,R.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Torre,P.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Antonello,R.M.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Cattaruzza,T.</Authors_Primary><Authors_Primary>Cazzato,G.</Authors_Primary><Date_Primary>2004/11</Date_Primary><Keywords>Aged</Keywords><Keywords>Aged,80 and over</Keywords><Keywords>Antihypertensive Agents</Keywords><Keywords>therapeutic use</Keywords><Keywords>Cholinesterase Inhibitors</Keywords><Keywords>*therapeutic use</Keywords><Keywords>Delirium</Keywords><Keywords>*drug therapy</Keywords><Keywords>*etiology</Keywords><Keywords>Dementia,Vascular</Keywords><Keywords>*complications</Keywords><Keywords>Female</Keywords><Keywords>Follow-Up Studies</Keywords><Keywords>Humans</Keywords><Keywords>Hypertension</Keywords><Keywords>drug therapy</Keywords><Keywords>Male</Keywords><Keywords>Neuropsychological</Keywords><Reprint>Not in File</Reprint><Start_Page>333</Start_Page><End_Page>339</End_Page><Periodical>Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen</Periodical><Volume>19</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><User_Def_2>MEDLINE - Ovid 8/11/2011</User_Def_2><User_Def_3>Given to Jim Reston on 8/17/2011 for EPC0018</User_Def_3><ISSN_ISBN>15633941</ISSN_ISBN><Availability>Sharepoint , EPC0018 , EPC18_cites_11-17-11</Availability><Address>Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Patologia, Universita degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy</Address><ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><f name="System">Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen</f></ZZ_JournalStdAbbrev><ZZ_WorkformID>1</ZZ_WorkformID></MDL></Cite></Refman>87ItalyRivastigmine (3-6 mg/day) for 2 years in patients with vascular dementiaRCT (Rivastig-mine vs. cardio-aspirin)246 patients aged 68-85 years with vascular dementiaDelirium in patients with vascular dementia might be due to lack of acetylcholine in the brain. Rivastigmine is an anti-cholinesterase inhibitorAcademic hospitalRivastigmine (36?mg/day) or aspirin (100 mg/day) for 2 years in patients with vascular dementiaPatients with episodes of delirium during follow-up:Rivastigmine: 46/115 (40%)Cardioaspirin: 71/115 (62%)RR = 0.65(95% CI: 0.50-0.85)P<0.001Mean duration of delirium:Rivastigmine: 4?±1.71 daysCardioaspirin: 7.86?±2.73 daysP<0.01Not reportedNot applicableHighReferences1. National Clinical Guideline Centre. Delirium: diagnosis, prevention and management. London (UK): Royal College of Physicians; 2010 Jul. 662 p. (Clinical guideline; no. 103). Available: .uk/nicemedia/live/13060/49908/49908.pdf. 2. Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group. Risk?of bias. Replaces quality criteria in the EPOC data collection checklist. Ottawa?(ON): Cochrane Collaboration; 2001 May 1. 3 p. Also available: . 3. Slor CJ, De Jonghe JF, Vreeswijk R, et al. Anesthesia and postoperative delirium in older adults undergoing hip surgery. J?Am?Geriatr Soc 2011 Jul;59(7):1313-9. 4. Burkhart CS, Dell-Kuster S, Gamberini M, et al. Modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010 Aug;24(4):555-9. PMID: 202278915.Hudetz JA, Hoffmann RG, Patterson KM, et al. Preoperative dispositional optimism correlates with a reduced incidence of postoperative delirium and recovery of postoperative cognitive function in cardiac surgical patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2010 Aug;24(4):560-7. PMID:?203467026. Kazmierski J, Kowman M, Banach M, et al. Incidence and predictors of delirium after cardiac surgery: results from the IPDACS study. J Psychosom Res 2010 Aug;69(2):179-85. PMID: 206245177. Koebrugge B, van Wensen RJ, Bosscha K, et al. Delirium after emergency/elective open and endovascular aortoiliac surgery at a surgical ward with a high-standard delirium care protocol. Vascular 2010 Sep-Oct;18(5):279-87. PMID: 208227238. Lin RY, Heacock LC, Fogel JF. Drug-induced, dementia-associated and non-dementia, non-drug delirium hospitalizations in the United States, 1998-2005: an analysis of the national inpatient sample. Drugs Aging 2010 Jan 1;27(1):51-61. PMID:?200304329. Lin RY, Heacock LC, Bhargave GA, et al. Clinical associations of delirium in hospitalized adult patients and the role of on admission presentation. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2010 Oct;25(10):1022-9. PMID:?2066187910. Radtke FM, Franck M, MacGuill M, et al. Duration of fluid fasting and choice of analgesic are modifiable factors for early postoperative delirium. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2010 May;27(5):411-6. PMID: 1988795011. Rigney T. Allostatic load and delirium in the hospitalized older adult. Nurs Res 2010 Sep-Oct;59(5):322-30. PMID: 2067158212. Sieber FE, Zakriya KJ, Gottschalk A, et al. Sedation depth during spinal anesthesia and the development of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture repair.[Erratum appears in Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Apr;85(4):400 Note: Dosage error in article text. Mayo Clin Proc 2010 Jan;85(1):18-26. PMID: 2004255713. Bo M, Martini B, Ruatta C, et al. Geriatric ward hospitalization reduced incidence delirium among older medical inpatients. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2009 Sep;17(9):760-8. PMID: 1970552014. Greene NH, Attix DK, Weldon BC, et al. Measures of executive function and depression identify patients at risk for postoperative delirium. Anesthesiology 2009 Apr;110(4):788-95. PMID: 1932649415. Hattori H, Kamiya J, Shimada H, et al. Assessment of the risk of postoperative delirium in elderly patients using E-PASS and the NEECHAM Confusion Scale. Int?J?Geriatr Psychiatry 2009 Nov;24(11):1304-10. 16. Katznelson R, Djaiani GN, Borger MA, et al. Preoperative use of statins is associated with reduced early delirium rates after cardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 2009 Jan;110(1):67-73. PMID: 1910417217. Maldonado JR, Wysong A, van?der?Starre?PJ, et al. Dexmedetomidine and the reduction of postoperative delirium after cardiac surgery. Psychosomatics 2009 May-Jun;50(3):206-17. PMID: 1956775918. Pisani MA, Murphy TE, Araujo KL, et al. Benzodiazepine and opioid use and the duration of intensive care unit delirium in an older population. Crit Care Med 2009 Jan;37(1):177-83. PMID: 1905061119. Rudolph JL, Jones RN, Levkoff SE, et al. Derivation and validation of a preoperative prediction rule for delirium after cardiac surgery. Circulation 2009 Jan?20;119(2):229-36. PMID: 1911825320. Smith PJ, Attix DK, Weldon BC, et al. Executive function and depression as independent risk factors for postoperative delirium. Anesthesiology 2009 Apr;110(4):781-7. PMID: 1932649221. Van Rompaey B, Elseviers MM, Schuurmans MJ, et al. Risk factors for delirium in intensive care patients: a?prospective cohort study. Crit Care 2009;13(3):R77. PMID: 1945722622. Vidan MT, Sanchez E, Alonso M, et al. An?intervention integrated into daily clinical practice reduces the incidence of delirium during hospitalization in elderly patients. J?Am Geriatr Soc 2009 Nov;57(11):2029-36. PMID: 1975449823. Voyer P, Richard S, Doucet L, et al. Predisposing factors associated with delirium among demented long-term care residents. Clin Nurs Res 2009 May;18(2):153-71. PMID: 1937704224. Koster S, Oosterveld FG, Hensens AG, et al. Delirium after cardiac surgery and predictive validity of a risk checklist. Ann?Thorac Surg 2008 Dec;86(6):1883-7. 25. Lin SM, Huang CD, Liu CY, et al. Risk factors for the development of early-onset delirium and the subsequent clinical outcome in mechanically ventilated patients. J Crit Care 2008 Sep;23(3):372-9. PMID:?1872504326. Oh YS, Kim DW, Chun HJ, et al. Incidence and risk factors of acute postoperative delirium in geriatric neurosurgical patients. J?Korean Neurosurg Soc 2008 Mar;43(3):143-8. PMID: 1909662227. Redelmeier DA, Thiruchelvam D, Daneman?N. Delirium after elective surgery among elderly patients taking statins. CMAJ?2008 Sep 23;179(7):645-52. PMID:?1880989528. Inouye SK, Zhang Y, Jones RN, et al. Risk?factors for delirium at discharge: development and validation of a predictive model. Arch Intern Med 2007 Jul?9;167(13):1406-13. PMID: 1762053529. Ely EW, Girard TD, Shintani AK, et al. Apolipoprotein E4 polymorphism as a genetic predisposition to delirium in critically ill patients. Crit Care Med 2007 Jan;35(1):112-7. PMID: 1713317630. Leung JM, Sands LP, Wang Y, et al. Apolipoprotein E e4 allele increases the risk of early postoperative delirium in older patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. Anesthesiology 2007 Sep;107(3):406-11. PMID: 1772124231. Ouimet S, Kavanagh BP, Gottfried SB, et al. Incidence, risk factors and consequences of ICU delirium. Intensive Care Med 2007 Jan;33(1):66-73. PMID: 1710296632. Pisani MA, Murphy TE, Van Ness PH, et al. Characteristics associated with delirium in older patients in a medical intensive care unit. Arch Intern Med 2007 Aug 13-27;167(15):1629-34. PMID: 1769868533. Rudolph JL, Jones RN, Rasmussen LS, et al. Independent vascular and cognitive risk factors for postoperative delirium. Am?J?Med 2007 Sep;120(9):807-13. PMID:?1776505134. Veliz-Reissmuller G, Aguero Torres H, van?der Linden J, et al. Pre-operative mild cognitive dysfunction predicts risk for post-operative delirium after elective cardiac surgery. Aging Clin Exp Res 2007 Jun;19(3):172-7. PMID: 1760708335. Beaussier M, Weickmans H, Parc Y, et al. Postoperative analgesia and recovery course after major colorectal surgery in elderly patients: a randomized comparison between intrathecal morphine and intravenous PCA morphine. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2006 Nov-Dec;31(6):531-8. PMID: 1713819636. Furlaneto ME, Garcez-Leme LE. Delirium in elderly individuals with hip fracture: causes, incidence, prevalence, and risk factors. Clinics 2006 Feb;61(1):35-40. PMID: 1653222337. Goldenberg G. Predicting post-operative delirium in elderly patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture. Psychogeriatrics 2006;6(2):43-8. 38.Kazmierski J, Kowman M, Banach M, et al. Preoperative predictors of delirium after cardiac surgery: a preliminary study. Gen?Hosp Psychiatry 2006 Nov-Dec;28(6):536-8. PMID: 1708817039. Leung JM, Sands LP, Vaurio LE, et al. Nitrous oxide does not change the incidence of postoperative delirium or cognitive decline in elderly surgical patients. Br?J?Anaesth 2006 Jun;96(6):754-60. PMID:?1667011040. Pandharipande P, Shintani A, Peterson J, et al. Lorazepam is an independent risk factor for transitioning to delirium in intensive care unit patients. Anesthesiology 2006 Jan;104(1):21-26. PMID: 1639468541.Ranhoff AH, Rozzini R, Sabatini T, et al. Delirium in a sub-intensive care unit for the elderly: occurrence and risk factors. Aging?Clin Exp Res 2006 Oct;18(5):440-5. PMID:?1716730942. Sheng AZ, Shen Q, Cordato D, et al. Delirium within three days of stroke in a cohort of elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2006 Aug;54(8):1192-8. PMID: 1691398443.Korevaar JC, van Munster BC, de Rooij SE. Risk factors for delirium in acutely admitted elderly patients: a prospective cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2005;5:6. PMID: 1582632044. Shulman KI, Sykora K, Gill S, et al. Incidence of delirium in older adults newly prescribed lithium or valproate: a population-based cohort study. J Clin Psychiatry 2005 Apr;66(4):424-7. PMID:?1581678345. Yildizeli B, Ozyurtkan MO, Batirel HF, et al. Factors associated with postoperative delirium after thoracic surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2005 Mar;79(3):1004-9. PMID: 1573442346. Bucerius J, Gummert JF, Borger MA, et al. Predictors of delirium after cardiac surgery delirium: effect of beating-heart (off-pump) surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2004 Jan;127(1):57-64. PMID: 1475241347. Caeiro L, Ferro JM, Claro MI, et al. Delirium in acute stroke: a preliminary study of the role of anticholinergic medications. Eur J Neurol 2004 Oct;11(10):699-704. PMID: 1546945548. Santos FS, Velasco IT, Fraguas R Jr. Risk?factors for delirium in the elderly after?coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Int?Psychogeriatr 2004 Jun;16(2):175-93. PMID: 1531876349. Bohner H, Hummel TC, Habel U, et al. Predicting delirium after vascular surgery: a?model based on pre- and intraoperative data. Ann Surg 2003 Jul;238(1):149-56. PMID: 1283297750. Centorrino F, Albert MJ, Drago-Ferrante G, et al. Delirium during clozapine treatment: incidence and associated risk factors. Pharmacopsychiatry 2003 Jul;36(4):156-60. PMID: 1290510251.Morrison RS, Magaziner J, Gilbert M, et al. Relationship between pain and opioid analgesics on the development of delirium following hip fracture. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2003 Jan;58(1):76-81. PMID:?1256041652. Zakriya KJ, Christmas C, Wenz JF Sr, et al. Preoperative factors associated with postoperative change in confusion assessment method score in hip fracture patients. Anesth Analg 2002 Jun;94(6):1628-32, table of content. PMID:?1203204253. Agostini JV, Leo-Summers LS, Inouye SK. Cognitive and other adverse effects of diphenhydramine use in hospitalized older patients. Arch Intern Med 2001 Sep?24;161(17):2091-7. PMID: 1157093754. Andersson EM, Gustafson L, Hallberg IR. Acute confusional state in elderly orthopaedic patients: factors of importance for detection in nursing care. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2001 Jan;16(1):7-17. PMID:?1118048055. Dubois MJ, Bergeron N, Dumont M, et al. Delirium in an intensive care unit: a study of risk factors. Intensive Care Med 2001 Aug;27(8):1297-304. PMID: 1151194256. McCusker J, Cole M, Abrahamowicz M, et al. Environmental risk factors for delirium in hospitalized older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001 Oct;49(10):1327-34. PMID: 1189049157. Christe C, Janssens JP, Armenian B, et al. Midazolam sedation for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in older persons: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000 Nov;48(11):1398-403. PMID: 1108331458. Allen KR, Fosnight SM, Wilford R, et al. Implementation of a system-wide quality improvement project to prevent delirium in hospitalized patients. J Clin Outcomes Manag 2011 Jun;18(6):253-8. 59. Black P, Boore JR, Parahoo K. The effect of nurse-facilitated family participation in the psychological care of the critically ill patient. J Adv Nurs 2011 May;67(5):1091-101. PMID: 2121462460. Chen CC, Lin MT, Tien YW, et al. Modified hospital elder life program: effects on abdominal surgery patients. J Am Coll Surg 2011 Aug;213(2):245-52. PMID: 2164183561. Rubin FH, Neal K, Fenlon K, et al. Sustainability and scalability of the hospital elder life program at a community hospital. J?Am Geriatr Soc 2011 Feb;59(2):359-65. PMID: 2131465462. Inouye SK, Bogardus ST Jr, Williams CS, et al. The role of adherence on the effectiveness of nonpharmacologic interventions: evidence from the delirium prevention trial. Arch Intern Med 2003 Apr?28;163(8):958-64. PMID: 1271920663. Inouye SK, Bogardus ST Jr, Charpentier?PA, et al. A multicomponent intervention to prevent delirium in hospitalized older patients. N Engl J Med 1999 Mar 4;340(9):669-76. PMID:?1005317564. Bjorkelund KB, Hommel A, Thorngren KG, et al. Reducing delirium in elderly patients with hip fracture: a multi-factorial intervention study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2010 Jul;54(6):678-88. PMID: 2023609365. Needham DM, Korupolu R, Zanni JM, et al. Early physical medicine and rehabilitation for patients with acute respiratory failure: a?quality improvement project. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2010 Apr;91(4):536-42. PMID: 2038228466. Harari D, Hopper A, Dhesi J, et al. Proactive care of older people undergoing surgery (‘POPS’): designing, embedding, evaluating and funding a comprehensive geriatric assessment service for older elective surgical patients. Age Ageing 2007 Mar;36(2):190-6. PMID: 1725963867. Lundstrom M, Olofsson B, Stenvall M, et al. Postoperative delirium in old patients with femoral neck fracture: a randomized intervention study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2007 Jun;19(3):178-86. PMID: 1760708468. Lundstrom M, Edlund A, Karlsson S, et al. A multifactorial intervention program reduces the duration of delirium, length of hospitalization, and mortality in delirious patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005 Apr;53(4):622-8. PMID: 1581700869. Tabet N, Hudson S, Sweeney V, et al. An?educational intervention can prevent delirium on acute medical wards. Age?Ageing 2005 Mar;34(2):152-6. PMID:?1571385970. Tabet N, Stewart R, Hudson S, et al. Male gender influences response to an educational package for delirium prevention among older people: a stratified analysis. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006 May;21(5):493-7. PMID: 1667629671. Wong DM, Niam T, Bruce JJ, et al. Quality project to prevent delirium after hip fracture. Aust J Ageing 2005;24(3):174-7. 72. Marcantonio ER, Flacker JM, Wright RJ, et al. Reducing delirium after hip fracture: a?randomized trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001 May;49(5):516-22. PMID: 1138074273. Lapane KL, Hughes CM, Daiello LA, et al. Effect of a pharmacist-led multicomponent intervention focusing on the medication monitoring phase to prevent potential adverse drug events in nursing homes. J?Am?Geriatr Soc 2011 Jul;59(7):1238-45. PMID: 2164962374. Al-Aama T, Brymer C, Gutmanis I, et al. Melatonin decreases delirium in elderly patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2011 Jul;26(7):687-94. PMID: 2084539175. Larsen KA, Kelly SE, Stern TA, et al. Administration of olanzapine to prevent postoperative delirium in elderly joint-replacement patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Psychosomatics 2010 Sep-Oct;51(5):409-18. PMID: 2083394076. Prakanrattana U, Prapaitrakool S. Efficacy?of risperidone for prevention of postoperative delirium in cardiac surgery. Anaesth Intensive Care 2007 Oct;35(5):714-9. PMID: 1793315777. Shehabi Y, Grant P, Wolfenden H, et al. Prevalence of delirium with dexmedetomidine compared with morphine based therapy after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial (DEXmedetomidine COmpared to Morphine-DEXCOM Study). Anesthesiology 2009 Nov;111(5):1075-84. PMID: 1978686278. Hudetz JA, Patterson KM, Iqbal Z, et al. Ketamine attenuates delirium after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. J?Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2009 Oct;23(5):651-7. PMID: 1923124579. Mouzopoulos G, Vasiliadis G, Lasanianos?N, et al. Fascia iliaca block prophylaxis for hip fracture patients at risk for delirium: a?randomized placebo-controlled study. J?Orthop Traumatol 2009;10(3):127-33. 80. Gamberini M, Bolliger D, Lurati Buse GA, et al. Rivastigmine for the prevention of postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery--a?randomized controlled trial. Crit Care Med 2009 May;37(5):1762-8. PMID: 1932549081.Liptzin B, Laki A, Garb JL, et al. Donepezil in the prevention and treatment of post-surgical delirium. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2005 Dec;13(12):1100-6. PMID: 1631930382. McCaffrey R, Locsin R. The effect of music on pain and acute confusion in older adults undergoing hip and knee surgery. Holist Nurs Pract 2006 Sep-Oct;20(5):218-24; quiz?225-6. PMID: 1697417583. McCaffrey R, Locsin R. The effect of music listening on acute confusion and delirium in elders undergoing elective hip and knee surgery. J Clin Nurs 2004;13(s2):91. 84. Kalisvaart KJ, de Jonghe JF, Bogaards MJ, et al. Haloperidol prophylaxis for elderly hip-surgery patients at risk for delirium: a?randomized placebo-controlled study. J?Am?Geriatr Soc 2005 Oct;53(10):1658-66. PMID: 1618116385. Aizawa K, Kanai T, Saikawa Y, et al. A?novel approach to the prevention of postoperative delirium in the elderly after gastrointestinal surgery. Surg Today 2002;32(4):310-4. PMID: 1202719586. Mentes JC, Culp K. Reducing hydration-linked events in nursing home residents. Clin Nurs Res 2003 Aug;12(3):210-25; discussion 226-8. PMID: 1291864787. Moretti R, Torre P, Antonello RM, et al. Cholinesterase inhibition as a possible therapy for delirium in vascular dementia: a?controlled, open 24-month study of 246 patients. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2004 Nov-Dec;19(6):333-9. PMID:?1563394188. Boorsma M, Frijters DH, Knol DL, et al. Effects of multidisciplinary integrated care on quality of care in residential care facilities for elderly people: a cluster randomized trial. CMAJ 2011 Aug?9;183(11):E724-32. PMID: 2170896789. Brausi M, Neri M, Bergamini L, et al. Incidence of delirium in elderly patients undergoing urologic surgery: the role of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) in defining a high-risk population for delirium. Anticancer Res 2011 May;31(5):1819-20. 90. Campbell NL, Khan BA, Farber M, et al. Improving delirium care in the intensive care unit: the design of a pragmatic study. Trials 2011;12:139. PMID: 2164533091. Keunen RW, Palmbergen W, Van?Sonderen?A, et al. Improved peri-operative neurological screening reduces postoperative delirium after CABG surgery. Cerebrovasc Dis 2011 May;31:24. 92. Sanchez Lorenzo I, Lopez Saracho I, Ledo?Rubio A, et al. Delirium in hospitalized patients: a descriptive and retrospective study in the clinical university hospital of valladolid. Eur Psychiatry 2011 Mar;26. 93. Mouchoux C, Rippert P, Duclos A, et al. Impact of a multifaceted program to prevent postoperatrive delirium in the elderly: the CONFUCIUS stepped wedge protocol. BMC Geriatr 2011 May 18;11(1):25. PMID:?2159232494. Chaushu S, Becker A. Behaviour management needs for the orthodontic treatment of children with disabilities. Eur?J?Orthod 2000 Apr;22(2):143-9. PMID:?1082288795. Ono H, Taguchi T, Kido Y, et al. The usefulness of bright light therapy for patients after oesophagectomy. Intensive Crit Care Nurs 2011 Jun;27(3):158-66. PMID:?2151147396. Siddiqi N. Preventing delirium in older people. Nurs Times 2011 May 31-Jun?6;107(21):22-3. PMID: 2180052597. Siddiqi N, Young J, House AO, et al. Stop?Delirium! A complex intervention to prevent delirium in care homes: a mixed-methods feasibility study. Age Ageing 2011 Jan;40(1):90-8. PMID: 2086108798. Tognoni P, Simonato A, Robutti N, et al. Preoperative risk factors for postoperative delirium (POD) after urological surgery in the elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2011 May-Jun;52(3):e166-9. PMID: 2108412399. Banerjee A, McGrane S, Pandharipande P. Minimizing perioperative sedation to reduce delirium. Future Neurol 2010 May;5(3):357-61. 100. Featherstone I, Hopton A, Siddiqi N. An?intervention to reduce delirium in care homes. Nurs Older People 2010 May;22(4):16-21. PMID: 20503675101. Figueroa-Ramos MI, Arroyo-Novoa CM, Puntillo KA. The effect of a sedation wake-up trial on the occurrence of delirium in critically ill trauma patients. Intensive Care Med 2010 Sep;36:S221. 102. Flagg B, Cox L, McDowell S, et al. Nursing identification of delirium. Clin Nurse Spec 2010 Sep-Oct;24(5):260-6. PMID: 20716979103. Gani H, Xhani M, Domi R, et al. Good pain control reduces the risk of cognitive complications to elderly after urology procedures. Eur Urol Suppl 2010 Sep;9(6):608. 104. Girard TD, Pandharipande PP, Carson SS, et al. Feasibility, efficacy, and safety of antipsychotics for intensive care unit delirium: the MIND randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Crit Care Med 2010 Feb;38(2):428-37. PMID: 20095068105. Griffiths R, Rasmussen LS. Delirium in hip fracture patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2010 Jul;54(6):661-2. PMID: 20618161106.Holroyd-Leduc JM, Abelseth GA, Khandwala F, et al. A pragmatic study exploring the prevention of delirium among hospitalized older hip fracture patients: applying evidence to routine clinical practice using clinical decision support. Implement Sci 2010;5:81. PMID: 20969770107. Mudge A, Denaro C, Maussen C. Reducing delirious discharges: results of a quality improvement program. Int J Med 2010 Mar;40(Suppl 1):39. 108. Radtke FM, Franck M, Lorenz M, et al. Remifentanil reduces the incidence of post-operative delirium. J Int Med Res 2010;38(4):1225-32. 109. Rosenbloom-Brunton DA, Henneman EA, Inouye SK. Feasibility of family participation in a delirium prevention program for hospitalized older adults. J?Gerontol Nurs 2010 Sep;36(9):22-33; quiz?34-5. PMID: 20438016110. Sandhaus S, Zalon ML, Valenti D, et al. A?volunteer-based Hospital Elder Life Program to reduce delirium. Health Care Manag (Frederick) 2010 Apr-Jun;29(2):150-6. PMID: 20436332111. Souda F, Sako H, Yatagai C, et al. Studying factors helpful in predicting delirium in acute stroke patients admitted to SCU. Int?J?Stroke 2010 Oct;5:267. 112. Stockl KM, Le L, Zhang S, et al. Clinical and economic outcomes associated with potentially inappropriate prescribing in the elderly. Am J Manag Care 2010 Jan;16(1):e1-10. PMID: 20059286113. Strom T, Martinussen T, Toft P. A protocol of no sedation for critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation: a?randomised trial. Lancet 2010 Feb?6;375(9713):475-80. PMID: 20116842114.Sultan SS. Assessment of role of perioperative melatonin in prevention and treatment of postoperative delirium after hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia in the elderly. Saudi J Anaesth 2010 Sep;4(3):169-73. PMID: 21189854115. Eijk MV, Roes K, Honing M, et al. Rivastigmine does not decrease duration of delirium and may increase mortality in critically ill patients: a multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled add-on trial. Crit Care Med 2010 Dec;38:A10. 116. Quetiapine + haloperidol = faster resolution of ICU delirium. J Natl Med Assoc 2010 Jul;102(7):662. 117. Benedict L, Hazelett S, Fleming E, et al. Prevention, detection and intervention with delirium in an acute care hospital: a?feasibility study. Int J Older People Nurs 2009 Sep;4(3):194-202. PMID: 20925776118. Day J, Higgins I, Koch T. The process of practice redesign in delirium care for hospitalised older people: a participatory action research study. Int J Nurs Stud 2009 Jan;46(1):13-22. PMID: 18950767119. Day J, Higgins I, Koch T. Delirium and older people: what are the constraints to best practice in acute care. Int J Older People Nurs 2008 Sep;3(3):170-7. PMID:?20925817120. Fong JJ, Devlin JW. Can postoperative delirium be prevented pharmacologically? [Erratum appears in Crit Care Med. 2009?Jul;37(7):2331 Note: Devlin, John [corrected to Devlin, John W]. Crit Care Med 2009 May;37(5):1825-6. PMID:?19373065121. Fujita T. Better sleep in the ICU for preventing postoperative delirium. J?Am?Coll Surg 2009 Dec;209(6):792-3. 122.Pretto M, Spirig R, Milisen K, et al. Effects of an interdisciplinary nurse-led Delirium Prevention and Management Program (DPMP) on nursing workload: a pilot study. Int J Nurs Stud 2009 Jun;46(6):804-12. PMID: 19249782123. Schweickert WD, Pohlman MC, Pohlman?AS, et al. Early physical and occupational therapy in mechanically ventilated, critically ill patients: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009 May 30;373(9678):1874-82. PMID:?19446324124. Ushida T, Yokoyama T, Kishida Y, et al. Incidence and risk factors of postoperative delirium in cervical spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2009 Nov;34(23):2500-4. PMID: 19927098125. Del Rosario E, Esteve N, Sernandez MJ, et al. Does femoral nerve analgesia impact the development of postoperative delirium in the elderly? A retrospective investigation. Acute Pain 2008 Jun;10(2):59-64. 126. Robinson S, Rich C, Weitzel T, et al. Delirium prevention for cognitive, sensory, and mobility impairments. Res Theory Nurs Pract 2008;22(2):103-13. PMID: 18578220127. Schrader SL, Wellik KE, Demaerschalk?BM, et al. Adjunctive haloperidol prophylaxis reduces postoperative delirium severity and duration in at-risk elderly patients. Neurologist 2008 Mar;14(2):134-7. PMID: 18332845128. de Jonghe JF, Kalisvaart KJ, Dijkstra M, et al. Early symptoms in the prodromal phase of delirium: a prospective cohort study in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery. Am?J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007 Feb;15(2):112-21. PMID: 17272731129. Sampson EL, Raven PR, Ndhlovu PN, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept) for reducing the incidence of postoperative delirium after elective total hip replacement. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2007 Apr;22(4):343-9. PMID: 17006875130. Pitkala KH, Laurila JV, Strandberg TE, et al. Multicomponent geriatric intervention for?elderly inpatients with delirium: a randomized, controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2006 Feb;61(2):176-81. PMID: 16510862131. Leslie DL, Zhang Y, Holford TR, et al. Premature death associated with delirium at 1-year follow-up. Arch Intern Med 2005 Jul?25;165(14):1657-62. PMID: 16043686132. Naughton BJ, Saltzman S, Ramadan F, et al. A multifactorial intervention to reduce prevalence of delirium and shorten hospital length of stay. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005 Jan;53(1):18-23. PMID: 15667371133. Papaioannou A, Fraidakis O, Michaloudis?D, et al. The impact of the type of anaesthesia on cognitive status and delirium during the first postoperative days in elderly patients. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2005 Jul;22(7):492-9. PMID: 16045136134. Dautzenberg PL, Mulder LJ, Olde?Rikkert?MG, et al. Delirium in elderly hospitalised patients: protective effects of chronic rivastigmine usage. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2004 Jul;19(7):641-4. PMID:?15254920135. Flaherty JH, Tariq SH, Raghavan S, et al. A?model for managing delirious older inpatients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2003 Jul;51(7):1031-5. PMID: 12834527136. Morita T, Tei Y, Inoue S. Agitated terminal delirium and association with partial opioid substitution and hydration. J Palliat Med 2003 Aug;6(4):557-63. PMID: 14516497137. Robinson SB, Rosher RB. Can a beverage cart help improve hydration? Geriatr Nurs 2002 Jul-Aug;23(4):208-11. 138. Sommer BR, Wise LC, Kraemer HC. Is?dopamine administration possibly a risk factor for delirium? Crit Care Med 2002 Jul;30(7):1508-11. PMID: 12130971139. Han L, McCusker J, Cole M, et al. Use of medications with anticholinergic effect predicts clinical severity of delirium symptoms in older medical inpatients. Arch?Intern Med 2001 Apr 23;161(8):1099-105. PMID: 11322844140. Milisen K, Foreman MD, Abraham IL, et al. A nurse-led interdisciplinary intervention program for delirium in elderly hip-fracture patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49(5):523-32. 141. Patten SB, Williams JV, Petcu R, et al. Delirium in psychiatric inpatients: a case-control study. Can J Psychiatry 2001 Mar;46(2):162-6. PMID: 11280086 ................
................

In order to avoid copyright disputes, this page is only a partial summary.

Google Online Preview   Download