Eating With Chronic Kidney Disease: Potassium



Eating With Chronic Kidney Disease: Potassium When you have chronic kidney disease (CKD), your body may not remove extra potassium from the blood. Your blood potassium level should be between 3.5-5.0 mEq/L. Some things that can raise your potassium levels are:Certain Medications Foods that contain potassium What happens when I eat food with too much potassium? 3762375508000Too much potassium in your blood may cause:Heart attack Muscle weakness Irregular heartbeat How do I lower potassium in my diet?Eat smaller portions of high protein foods such as meat, fish, poultry, beans, dairy, and nuts.Use spices and herbs in cooking and at the table. Salt substitutes should not be used as they often contain potassium. Look for the words “potassium chloride” on the ingredients section of the food packaging. Drain canned fruits and vegetables before eating or cooking.If you are diabetic, choose apple, grape, or cranberry juice when your blood sugar is low.Serving sizes are very important! A large serving size of a low potassium food can turn it into a high potassium food.Low in potassium:Fruits: Apples, canned apricots, berries, cranberries, grapes, grape juice, grapefruit, lemons and limes, mangoes, papaya, canned pears, canned peaches, plums, pineapple, rhubarb, tangerines Vegetables: Alfalfa sprouts, bell peppers, canned bamboo shoots, fresh broccoli, cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, raw celery and onions, corn, cucumber, eggplant, green beans, kale, lettuce, fresh mushrooms, zucchini, okra, winter and acorn squash Other: White rice, noodles, pasta, bread and bread products, angel cake, yellow cake, pies without chocolate or high potassium fruit, cookies without nuts or chocolate High in potassium: Fruits: Fresh apricots, bananas, cantaloupe, dates, nectarines, kiwi, prunes, oranges/orange juice, raisins, pomegranate, honeydew melon, watermelonVegetables: Acorn and butternut squash, avocado, baked beans, beets, Brussel sprouts, chard, chili peppers, cooked mushrooms, potatoes, pumpkin, cooked spinach, split peas/lentils/beans, sweet potatoes/yams, vegetable juice, tomatoes/tomato juice/tomato sauce, broccoli Other: Milk, yogurt, nuts and seeds, bran and bran products, chocolate, granola, molasses, peanut butter, salt substitutes, salt free broth, nutritional supplements, snuff/chewing tobacco Leaching vegetables that are high in potassium can help pull some of the potassium out of them, but remember leaching does not remove all of the potassium so you still need to limit the amount you eat. Leaching Directions for Potatoes, Sweet Potatoes, Carrots, Beets, Winter Squash, and Rutabaga:Peel and place the vegetables in cold water Slice vegetables about 1/8 inches thick Rinse in warm water for a few seconds Soak for a minimum of 2 hours in warm water. Use 10 times the amount of water to the amount of vegetables. If soaking longer, change the water every 4 hoursRinse under warm water again for a few seconds Cook vegetables with 5 times the amount of water to the amount of vegetableNotes:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Eating With Chronic Kidney Disease: Phosphorus When you have CKD, your kidneys have a hard time removing excess phosphorus from your blood. Excess phosphorus can cause weak bones, and can cause your body to store calcium in your blood vessels, heart, lungs, and eyes. Normal phosphorus levels are between 2.5-4.5 mg/dl.Where is the phosphorus coming from in my diet?Phosphorus can be found naturally in many protein-rich foods and as an additive in other foodsWhen trying to figure out if something contains phosphorus, look for “phos” in the ingredient’s name Common names for Phosphorus Additives:3362325000Dicalcium phosphateDisodium phosphate Monosodium phosphate Phosphoric acid Sodium hexameta-phosphate Sodium tripolyphosphate Tetrasodium pyrophosphate High in phosphorus:Beverages: Beer/ale, chocolate drinks, cocoa, dark colas, pepper type soda (Dr. Pepper), drinks made with milk, canned ice teas, bottled beverages with phosphorus additives Dairy Products: Cheese, liquid non-dairy creamers, custard, milk, cream soups, pudding, ice cream, yogurt, enriched rice milk Protein: Oysters, beef liver, fish roe, sardines, chicken liver, organ meatsOther: Nuts and seeds, chocolate candy, caramels, oat bran muffins, brewer’s yeast, pizza, processed/fast foodsLow in phosphorus: Dairy: Small amounts of Brie or Swiss cheese, regular or low fat cream cheese, unenriched rice milkDesserts: Sherbet/sorbet/frozen fruit pops, jelly beans, hard candy, fruit snacks, gumdrops Other: Soups made with low phosphorus ingredients, white bread, crackers, cereals, rice, pasta, pretzels, popcorn, green beans, green peas, wax beans Protein: All natural lean beef, pork, lamb, poultry, seafood or other fish (when eaten according to serving size)Beverages: Lemon-lime soda, ginger ale, root beer, plain water, drink mixes that do not contain phosphorus Notes:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Eating With Chronic Kidney Disease: Sodium With CKD, your kidneys can not remove the excess sodium in your blood. Excess sodium can cause your blood pressure to increase so it’s good to limit it in your diet. Normal blood sodium levels are between 135-145 mEq/L. Why should I limit my sodium? Limiting your sodium intake can help control your blood pressure and slow down your CKD. According to the National Kidney Foundation, to help manage CKD, limit your sodium to less than 2 grams (2000mg) per day. How do I lower sodium in my diet?You can lower sodium in your diet by: Eating more fresh foods Limiting pre-packaged packaged foods Using spice, herbs, and sodium free seasonings in place of salt Rinsing canned vegetables, beans, meats, and fish to help remove excess sodium Checking ingredient labels for added sodium 45808901143000Some common names for sodium on ingredient labels are:Salt Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)Baking Soda (Sodium Bicarbonate) Baking Powder Sodium Nitrate Sodium Sulfate Sodium Phosphate Sodium Alginate Sodium Benzoate Sodium Hydroxide Sodium Propionate Lower in sodium:Fresh or frozen fruits and vegetables, rice, noodles, cooked cereal without added salt, fresh meat, poultry, seafood, meats canned in water, low sodium cheese, unsalted or lightly salted nuts, low/reduced sodium frozen dinners, low sodium peanut butter, certain salad dressings, air popped popcorn, Higher in sodium:Protein: Processed meats such as hotdogs, bologna, bacon, sausage, canned beans, luncheon meats, meats/fish canned in broth Dairy: Cottage cheeseSeasonings: Soy sauce, salad dressings, bottled sauces, marinades, bouillon, salt and salt seasonings such as garlic salt and seasoning salt, seasoning mix and sauce packetsSoups: Canned and instant soups Vegetables: Canned tomato products, canned and pickled vegetables, vegetable juice, frozen vegetables with sauceDinner: Boxed mixes like hamburger helper and pancake mix, frozen tv dinners, some ready to eat cereals, baked goods, breadsSnacks: Pretzels, chips, salted nuts*If you’re unsure about if a food contains something that you’re restricting from your diet, always check the ingredient label. Helpful Tips to Remember!Ask your healthcare provider about your monthly sodium and potassium levels to help monitor your dietRemember to always look at food labels and ingredient lists when you go shopping When eating out, remember that many dishes have foods that are normally restricted on your diet Some good internet sources for information on CKD include: , , , and niddk. Information Provided By: The National Kidney Foundation, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Morrison Management Specialists ................
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