A I Q X C Secret Pseudo-Protein Code STOP

[Pages:8]First

U Base

Second Base

CA

Third

G Base

UA h p wU

Secret Pseudo-Protein Code STOP STOP STOP

a I QXC

B i ! .A

b J ? xG

CC j q YU

c KR yC

D k r ZA

dLS zG

AE l s ?U

eMT ? C

Fm t t A

N START U ? G G f n u "U

GOV ; C

gov ,A

Mutation activity.cwk KEW 01/02

H P W space G

Mutations by Analogy

Name Period Date Science

KEY

Every three bases on the mRNA codes for an amino acid. Every three bases of our "Secret Pseudo-Protein Code" codes for a letter or punctuation mark. Since our "Secret Pseudo-Protein Code" is more familiar, we will use it to examine mutations. Remember the same rules hold for both codes:

1. All messages must begin with START. 2. There are no spaces between three letter words, one simply counts every three letters.

1. Original message:

H a l l

o !

A U G G U G U U C A C U A C U G C A U A A Point substitution mutation:

Hell o!

A U G G U G A U C A C U A C U G C A U A A

What was the effect of this mutation?

One letter was changed. _________________________________________________________________________________

If this had been an mRNA coding for a protein, what would have been changed?

One amino acid was changed. _________________________________________________________________________________

2. Original message:

mix t ure

A U G A C A U C A U G G A G A G A U C A A A U C Point deletion mutation:

m i .

A U G A C A U C A U G A G A G A U C A A A U C

What was the effect of this mutation?

Message stopped prematurely. _________________________________________________________________________________

If this had been an mRNA coding for a protein, what would have been changed?

Only part of protein synthesized. _________________________________________________________________________________

Protein unlikely to function correctly. _________________________________________________________________________________

Does the size of this mutation's effect surprise you?

_________________________________________________________________________________

Mutation activity.cwk KEW 01/02

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3. Original message:

W h a t

Name

?

KEY

A U G G A G U C U U U C A A A U A G U A G A G G Point insertion mutation:

W h a S Fg W

A U G G A G U C U U U C A A U A U A G U A G A G G

What was the effect of this mutation?

Wrong letters, no stop code. _________________________________________________________________________________

If this had been an mRNA coding for a protein, what would have been changed?

Longer, but nonfunctioning, protein. _________________________________________________________________________________

4. Original message:

Prot e in

A U G U A U C A A G C A A A A A U C U C A G C U Point substitution mutation:

G U G U A U C A A G C A A A A A U C U C A G C U

What was the effect of this mutation?

No message because no start. _________________________________________________________________________________

If this had been an mRNA coding for a protein, what would have been changed?

No protein because no start (MET). _________________________________________________________________________________

5. Original message:

L a t e

r .

A U G C C G U U C A A A A U C C A A U G A G C U Point substitution mutation:

Late r.

A U G C C G U U C A G A A U C C A A U G A G C U

What was the effect of this mutation?

No change _________________________________________________________________________________

If this had been an mRNA coding for a protein, what would have been changed?

No change in protein. _________________________________________________________________________________

Mutation activity.cwk KEW 01/02

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Mutation activity.cwk KEW 01/02

Secret Pseudo-Protein Code Alternative List

UUU UU C UU A UUG CUU CYC CUA CUG AUU AU C AU A AUG GUU GU C GU A GUG

A a B b C c D d E e F START f G g H

UAU UA C UA A UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG AAU AA C AA A AAG GAU GA C GA A GAG

p Q ! stop ? stop q R r S s T t U u V v W

UCU

h

UC C

I

UC A

i

UCG

J

CCU

j

CC C

K

CC A

k

CCG

L

ACU

l

AC C M

AC A

m

ACG

N

GCU

n

GC C

O

GC A

o

GCG

P

UGU UG C UG A UGG CGU CGC CGA CGG AGU AG C AG A AGG GGU GG C GG A GGG

w

.X stop

x Y y Z z ? ? t ? "

,;

space

Mutations by Analogy

Name Period Date Science

Every three bases on the mRNA codes for an amino acid. Every three bases of our "Secret Pseudo-Protein Code" codes for a letter or punctuation mark. Since our "Secret Pseudo-Protein Code" is more familiar, we will use it to examine mutations. Remember the same rules hold for both codes:

1. All messages must begin with START. 2. There are no spaces between three letter words, one simply counts every three letters.

1. Original message:

A U G G U G U U C A C U A C U G C A U A A Point substitution mutation:

A U G G U G A U C A C U A C U G C A U A A What was the effect of this mutation? _________________________________________________________________________________ If this had been an mRNA coding for a protein, what would have been changed? _________________________________________________________________________________

2. Original message:

A U G A C A U C A U G G A G A G A U C A A A U C Point deletion mutation:

A U G A C A U C A U G A A A G A U C A A A U C

What was the effect of this mutation?

_________________________________________________________________________________

If this had been an mRNA coding for a protein, what would have been changed?

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

Does the size of this mutation's effect surprise you?

_________________________________________________________________________________

Mutation activity.cwk KEW 01/02

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3. Original message:

Name

A U G G A G U C U U U C A A A U A G U A G A G G Point insertion mutation:

A U G G A G U C U U U C A A U A U A G U A G A G G What was the effect of this mutation? _________________________________________________________________________________ If this had been an mRNA coding for a protein, what would have been changed? _________________________________________________________________________________

4. Original message:

A U G U A U C A A G C A A A A A U C U C A G C U Point substitution mutation:

G U G U A U C A A G C A A A A A U C U C A G C U What was the effect of this mutation? _________________________________________________________________________________ If this had been an mRNA coding for a protein, what would have been changed? _________________________________________________________________________________

5. Original message:

A U G C C G U U C A A A A U C C A A U G A G C U Point substitution mutation:

A U G C C G U U C A G A A U C C A A U G A G C U

What was the effect of this mutation?

_________________________________________________________________________________

If this had been an mRNA coding for a protein, what would have been changed?

_________________________________________________________________________________

Mutation activity.cwk KEW 01/02

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Name Period Date Science

KEY

6. During this activity you modeled protein synthesis using mRNA. But where did the mutation originally

occur?

In DNA base-pair order. ____________________________________________________________________________________

7. What is a mutation?

Change in base order of DNA in a cell's ____________________________________________________________________________________ chromosome. ____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

8. How can a mutation in the DNA cause a change in an organism's protein?

Change in DNA ? change in mRNA ? ____________________________________________________________________________________ change in order, or number, of amino ____________________________________________________________________________________ acids in the protein. ____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

9. Do all mutations in the DNA coding for mRNA cause a change in an organism? Why or why not?

No. The code is redundant: most ____________________________________________________________________________________ amino acids (& STOP) have more than ____________________________________________________________________________________ one code. Some changes in base order ____________________________________________________________________________________ do NOT cause changes in amino acids. ____________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

10. Are mutations helpful or harmful?

Some are helpful (disease resistance) ____________________________________________________________________________________

(Hallo! ? Hello!) ____________________________________________________________________________________

Some are harmful (cancer) ____________________________________________________________________________________

(What? ? WhaSFgW) ____________________________________________________________________________________

Most are neutral (little or no change ____________________________________________________________________________________

in organism) ____________________________________________________________________________________

(Later. ? Later.) ____________________________________________________________________________________

Whether a mutation is good or bad is ____________________________________________________________________________________

often a function of the environment!

Mutation activity.cwk

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KEW 01/02

Name Period Date Science 6. During this activity you modeled protein synthesis using mRNA. But where did the mutation originally occur? ____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. What is a mutation? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8. How can a mutation in the DNA cause a change in an organism's protein? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 9. Do all mutations in the DNA coding for mRNA cause a change in an organism? Why or why not? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Are mutations helpful or harmful? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________

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