Genetic code, transcription and translation
[Pages:29]Genetic code, transcription and translation
Adapted from the lesson "Introduction to genome biology"
S. Dudoit and R. Gentleman University of Berkeley
Chromosomes and DNA
DNA structure
? A deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA molecule is a double-stranded polymer composed of four basic molecular units called nucleotides.
? Each nucleotide comprises
? a phosphate group; ? a deoxyribose sugar; ? one of four nitrogen bases:
? purines: adenine (A) and guanine (G), ? pyrimidines: cytosine (C) and thymine (T).
DNA structure
? Base-pairing occurs according to the following rule:
? C pairs with G, ? A pairs with T.
? The two chains are held together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogen bases.
DNA structure
DNA structure
DNA structure
Four nucleotide bases: ? purines: A, G ? pyrimidine: T, C
A pairs with T, 2 H bonds C pairs with G, 3 H bonds
Nucleotide bases
Purines
Adenine (A)
Pyrimidines
Guanine (G)
Thymine (T) (DNA)
Cytosine (C)
Uracil (U) (RNA)
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