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| |English |Spanish |French |Dutch |

|Where settled? |the Atlantic seaboard, Maine to |Latin America, obviously, but |Quebec, primarily (French |Where/when settled:  1623, |

| |Georgia (but remember 32 colonies |into what became New Mexico |Caribbean colonies prospered |Hudson River Valley; 1655, |

| |incl. Canada and Caribbean)  |(Santa Fe 1610), Texas in |more greatly) |conquered tiny New Sweden on |

| | |1716, California in 1769 | |the Delaware |

|When settled? |c. 1607-1733 |See above |beginning 1608 |See above |

|How settled? |13+ separate plantations of charter,|single men predominated as |single men predominated as |the "magnificently wooded and |

| |royal, and proprietary origin |explorers, conquistadors, |explorers, Catholic |watered area" attracted |

| | |rulers |missionaries, fur-traders |settlers |

| | | |(coureurs de bois), soldiers | |

|How ruled? | |royal (viceroy) direction with|an "almost completely |"by and for the company, in the|

| | |Catholic Church participation |autocratic" royal government |interests of the stockholders";|

| | | | |governor Peter Stuyvesant |

|Motive? |mixed, but unique in its eventual |mixed, but gold, glory, and |mixed, but to trap/trade for |to support the activities of |

| |dominance by families/couples coming|God; to gain wealth, convert |beaver, convert the Indians, |the Dutch West India Company |

| |in hope of a better "middle-class" |the Indians, control land |stake a national land claim | |

| |life | | | |

|Result |salutary/benign neglect and |top-down rule and long |top-down rule, exclusion of |an "illiberal aristocratic |

| |temperate climate, some rich |distance from Mexico City and |Huguenots, and cold climate |spirit" and "monopolistic land |

| |soil allowed settlements to flourish|semiarid climate restricted |restricted settlement; |policies" carried over from |

| |in 18th century |settlement in the "Southwest" |conquered by British/colonists |earliest settlement after |

| | | |1763 |England's conquest in 1664, and|

| | | | |"the physical growth of New |

| | | | |York was correspondingly |

| | | | |retarded" |

|How many? |300,000 in 1700; 2,500,000 by 1775; |in NM/TX/CA, settlement was |60,000 "whites" in New France |10,000 in 1664, with about half|

| |4,000,000 by 1790 |very thin and was easily |in 1750 |of those immigrants from New |

| | |overmastered by Anglos in the | |England |

| | |1830's (Texas), 1840's | | |

|Religion |primarily a variety of Protestant |Roman Catholic, with some |Roman Catholic (French |Dutch Reformed, with "no |

| |sects, with democratizing/unifying |tolerance of Native American |Protestant Huguenots not |enthusiasm for religious |

| |First Great Awakening beginning 1734|accretions after the 1680 |allowed in) |toleration", but the |

| | |pueblo revolts | |cosmopolitan population that |

| | | | |developed in the trading city |

| | | | |quickly came to include many |

| | | | |who were nonobservant |

|Ethnicity |“a mingling of the races” |Spanish, except for the Austin|French, quickly including |"A French Jesuit missionary, |

| | |settlers invited in to Texas |descendents of mixed |visiting in the 1640's, noted |

| | |beginning 1821  |French/indigenous ancestry |that eighteen different |

| | | | |languages were being spoken in |

| | | | |the streets." |

|Attitude towards indigenous? |mixed, but mainly to move them west,|domination, but also "the high|domination, but treated them as|"buy" their land cheap; defend |

| |literally or figuratively ("West" = |compliment of fusing with them|trading partners; the fatal |yourself from resentment |

| |death) |through marriage and |mistake of aiding the Hurons | |

| | |incorporating indigenous |and alienating the Iroquois | |

| | |culture into their own, rather| | |

| | |than shunning and eventually | | |

| | |isolating the Indians as their| | |

| | |English adversaries would do" | | |

|Ecological “policy”? |"cut it down, use it up, move on, |rights to use any available |wide-ranging fur-trading spread|weren't in charge long enough |

| |rawhide" moderated by desire to |water will be highly prized |European disease, alcohol, and |to do much harm:  Central Park |

| |preserve the value of your own | |"inflict[ed] incalculable |survives |

| |little farm if you know how/can | |ecological damage" | |

|Land ownership |varies, but includes many yeoman |enormous grants to New World |outside Quebec, only small |"vast feudal estates fronting |

| |farms |noblemen |scattered outposts in Detroit, |the Hudson River, known as |

| | | |Vincennes, St. Louis, New |patroonships" |

| | | |Orleans, etc. | |

  

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