CHAPTER 1: “BONAPARTE’S EMPIRE,” (pp



CHAPTER 1: “HIGH NOON OF THE RAJ,” (pp. 9—34)

COLONIAL OVERLORDS: TIMEFRAME AD 1850—1900

Match the Colonies With the Country Who Ruled Them In the Late Nineteenth Century.

(The possible countries include Britain, France, Germany, Portugal, the United States, Holland, Italy, Belgium)

1. Jamaica ____________

2. Algeria ____________

3. South Africa ____________

4. Philippines ____________

5. Indochina ____________

6. Canada ____________

7. Puerto Rico ____________

8. Cameroons ____________

9. Indonesia ____________

10. Somaliland ____________

11. Gold Coast ____________

12. Guiana ____________

13. Rhodesia ____________

14. Angola ____________

15. Nigeria ____________

16. Leopold’s Congo ____________

17. India ____________

18. Madagascar ____________

19. Cuba ____________

20. Egypt ____________

21. Mozambique ____________

22. New Zealand ____________

23. Australia ____________

24. Malaya ____________

25. South Africa ____________

26. Senegal ____________

___________________________________________________________

27. The percentage of the world’s land surface over which European nations had won control by 1900. ____________

28. In the second half of the nineteenth century, Britain would maintain control over India with the help of carefully supervised Indian princes but only this number of highly-trained English civil servants. ______________

29. This trading company, chartered by Elizabeth I in 1600, would be a prime force in the development of the British Empire. ________________________

30. Leased by the British from a Hindu ruler in 1640, it would become the site for one of the three great port cities of Britain’s Indian empire. ____________________

31. In 1668, this western island base would be transferred from the Portuguese to the English. _______________

32. Built 100 miles up the Hooghly in the eastern Bengal region of India during the late seventeenth century, it would become the center of English power in the region and the third of Britain’s three great Indian port cities. _______________

33. By the late seventeenth century, this European power had emerged as Britain’s main rival in the imperial struggle to control India. ______________

34. The East India Company clerk who drove the French out of Bengal and defeated Muslim forces at the Battle Of Plassey in 1757, thus establishing British preeminence in the region. ______________________

35. The ritual crime of thuggee, in which bandit devotees of Kali, the Hindu goddess of destruction, strangled their victims before robbing them, explains the origins of this English word. _____________

36. The year in which the India Act transferred control of India from the East India Company to the British government. ______________

37. The “Tiger Of Mysore,” he threatened Madras before being defeated by the British in 1792. _______________________

38. This Muslim empire had dominated northern India for nearly three centuries, but by the eighteenth century its power had declined. ________________

39. A confederacy of Hindu rulers in western India, they were not completely crushed by British forces until 1818. _________________

40. The British relied heavily upon these native Indian troops to ensure military control of the Sub-continent. ______________

41. British India’s major export to China. _____________

42. A British governor general of the nineteenth century abolished this Hindu practice, the burning of widows on the funeral pyres of their husbands. ____________

43. A disastrous British attempt to occupy this territory, a long-standing area of contestation between the English and the Russians, concluded with the return through the Khyber Pass of one lone survivor to tell the tale of the annihilation of a 16,000-man army. _____________________

44. The rumor that the cartridges of the new Enfield rifles distributed to colonial troops were greased with cow and pig fat, thus offending the sensibilities of Hindu and Muslim alike, provided the immediate impetus for this uprising. ________________________

45. She was proclaimed empress of India in 1876. ____________________

46. This magnificent railway station in Bombay served as the most visible reminder of the British rail network in India and thus also of imperial power. _________________ ______________________

47. The British summer capital in the foothills of the Himalayas. _______________

48. This religious minority, from the recently annexed Punjab, sided with the British because of ancient animosities with the Hindus. _____________

49—50. This 1858 legislation transferred the remaining powers of the East India Company to the British Crown. __________________________________ This legislation elevated the governor general in India to the status of viceroy, or _____, from a Hindu word for rule.

51—52. A popular handbook of 1878 recommended this number of servants for a well-to-do family in Calcutta (_________), and __________ for a bachelor.

53—54. Miles of rail track in India increased from _____________ miles in the early 1850s to approximately ______________ miles by the turn of the century.

55. The opening of this waterway in 1869 reduced travel time between Britain and India from three month to three weeks. ___________________

56. In 1885, 75 delegates from all over India met in Bombay to organize this nationalist group. _________________________

57. A sense that this organization was unresponsive to non-Hindus led to the 1906 founding of this association, an early indication of the fractures that would lead ultimately to partition between India and Pakistan. ____________________

58. The competition between Russia and Britain over territorial control of the North-West Frontier came by the late nineteenth century to be referred to as this. __________ _____________.

59. The year of Queen Victoria’s Diamond Jubilee, it is often seen as the symbolic apogee of the British Empire. _____________

TRUE OR FALSE

60. The Jewel in Britain’s imperial crown, India was as large as Europe itself, and inhabited by one-quarter of the world’s population. ____________

CHAPTER 2: “GERMANY’S IRON CHANCELLOR,” (pp. 43—73)

COLONIAL OVERLORDS: TIMEFRAME AD 1850—1900

1—5. The number of separate German-speaking states in the 1840s. ___________ What were the two largest of these? ________________; __________________ The respective royal families of these two states. ________________________; ___________________

2. What was the capital of Prussia? _________________

3. A hereditary nobility, they held all the top positions in the Prussian army and state bureaucracy. ___________________

4. The largest coal fields in Europe were located in this Prussian river valley. ________

5. Prussia had been defeated in war in 1806 by this famous ruler. ________________

6. He became king of Prussia in 1861 upon his brother’s death. __________________

11—12. Becoming prime minister of Prussia by appointment in 1862, he would dominate Prussian politics and diplomacy for the next three decades. _______________ __________________ “Not by speeches and majorities will the great questions of the day be decided,” he announced upon coming to power but by this. __________________

13—15. Literally “resurgence,” this nationalistic movement in Italy called for unification and the throwing off of foreign rule. _____________________ This colorful military commander freed Sicily from foreign control and then joined forces with the northern troops of Piedmont-Sardinia. ________________________________ Complete Italy unification was achieved in this year. ______________

16. Who was the emperor of Austria throughout the second half of the nineteenth century? _____________________

17. A dispute with this nation over the sovereignty of Schleswig and Holstein, two predominantly German-speaking states, led to a brief and successful Prussian military action in 1864. ___________________

18—19. The massive Battle of Sadowa marked the Prussian defeat of this rival in the Seven Weeks’ War of 1866. __________________ This dual monarchy emerged in the aftermath of this war. ____________________

6. The constitution of the new North German Confederation created this popular assembly, whose power was limited. __________________

21—23. Victory over this nation in 1871 became the signal event for the unification of Germany. ________________ The new title for King Wilhelm, coronated emperor of the second Reich in 1871. _________________ The Hall of Mirrors in this palace was the setting for this coronation. _________________

24—25. By the treaty that concluded the 1870-1871 war, Germany acquired these two important industrial provinces. _______________; ______________________

26—27. The citizens of this city attempted to create a self-governing commune in the Spring of 1871. ______________ The number of people killed as this uprising was crushed. ______________

27. This family of German industrialists became the most important arms-producer for the Prussian army. ____________

28. Convinced that this institution represented an independent challenge to the German state, he launched a kulturkamp, a “cultural struggle,” against it. ________________

29. This new German political party, born in 1875, signaled the emergence of socialism as an increasingly powerful European force. _______________________

30. In 1879, Bismarck negotiated the Dual Alliance with this empire, a relationship that would hold up to and through World War I. ________________________

31. Coming to the throne in 1888, he forced the resignation of then-Chancellor Bismarck two years later. _________________________

TRUE OR FALSE

33. Election to this body was by universal manhood struggle. _____

34. Germany was the first European nation to introduce comprehensive social welfare measures, including workers’ compensation. _____

35. The population of Europe more than doubled during the nineteenth century. _____

CHAPTER 3: “SCRAMBLE FOR AFRICA,” (pp. 75—109)

COLONIAL OVERLORDS: TIMEFRAME AD 1850—1900

1—2. This missionary-explorer was the first European to cross the African continent from coast to coast. _____________________________ He named this giant waterfall in honor of the English sovereign. ____________________

3.The nickname that Europeans gave to Africa. ____________________________

4—5. The two largest European colonizers in Africa. _____________; _____________

6—7. By 1900, these were the only two African nations that remained independent of European control. _________________; _____________________

8. This North African colony had been invaded and subjugated by France in 1830. __________________

9. The British seized this colony at the southern end of the continent from the Dutch in 1806 and set it up to secure the sea route to its developing Asian empire. _________ ___________________________

10—11. These were the two significant Portuguese colonies in Africa. _____________; __________________________

12—14. The three colonies in which the settlers were mostly freed ex-slaves. __________________________; ________________________; _______________

15. The influence of Islam along the east coast of Africa had led by 1000 AD to the development of this Afro-Arab culture. __________________

16. In the mid-nineteenth century this island became the center for the lucrative Indian Ocean slave trade, a trade controlled largely by the Arabs of Oman. ________________

17. The decision to grow this crop tied Egypt increasingly to the economy of Europe. _______________

18. Opened in 1869, this artificial waterway connected the Mediterranean to the Red Sea and thus dramatically heightened the strategic significance of Egypt. ____________

19. This English entrepreneur used luxury liners to transport European tourists up the Nile to visit ancient ruins. _______________________

20—23. What are the four great river systems of Africa? ____________; ____________; _______________; ________________

16. By the 1850s, British explorers interested in Africa had become obsessed by the search for this. ________________________

25—26. Unresigned to Belgium’s status as a minor European power, this monarch sponsored the establishment of the Congo Free State in central Africa as his private kingdom. ________________________ The legendary American journalist-explorer who assisted him in this endeavor. ________________________________

27. An occupation by Britain of this nation initially introduced as “temporary” would eventually extend for more than seven decades and develop into an unwritten system known as the “veiled protectorate.” _________________

28. This latecomer to the European “scramble” for Africa declared protectorates over ill-defined areas in South West Africa, Togoland, the Cameroons and East Africa between 1883 and 1885. _________________

29. An 1884 international conference in this European capital not only dealt with the immediate issue of the status of the Congo but also attempted to set down ground rules for the parceling out of African territory. _______________

30. The invention of this weapon in 1884 even more dramatically shifted the military balance of power in Africa in the favor of the Europeans. _________________

31. This protectorate, which was established in 1900 and brought together peoples speaking some 200 languages, consolidated Britain’s presence in largely French-dominated West Africa. ___________________

32—35. An 1886 East Africa boundary commission set up by Germany, Britain, and France awarded this area to Germany. ___________________ The regions that now make up these two modern nations were confirmed as under British control. _________; _____________________ The French gained this large island. __________________

36. The 1898 annihilation of 11,000 Muslim fundamentalists by a joint Anglo-Egyptian army at the cost of only 40 deaths was not only seen as righteous revenge for the killing of General Charles Gordon by the Mahdist forces a decade earlier but also established British contol of this African colony. ____________

37. Meaning “farmers” in Dutch, these were descendants of the Dutch settlers who had come to the Cape in the late seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and had then retreated to the inland republics of the Orange Free State and the Transvaal when threatened by the English arrival of the nineteenth century. _______________

38. These were discovered in the late 1860s in the Kimberley region of Southern Africa. _______________

39. These two endpoints were often mentioned by Brits who dreamed of an empire stretching unbroken the length of the African continent from north to south. _____________________

40. In 1879, a British force suffered an overwhelming defeat at Isandhlwana at the hands of these native African troops. _____________

41. He began his 17-year presidency of the Transvaal in 1883 shortly after the Boers had won a greater degree of autonomy from the English as a result of military success against the British. _____________________

42—43. Eventually gaining personal control of some 90% of the world’s diamond output, he aggressively promoted the expansion of the British Empire. ______________ ________________ The mining company he co-founded. _____________________

44—45. In 1886, this was discovered on the Witwatersand, a highland region of the Transvaal to the south of Pretoria. ______________ The more popular name for the region where the discovery was made. ___________________

46. The first and last year of the Boer War. _________, ______________

47. An increasingly frustrated British military interned more than 150,000 women, children and African workers in these depots designed to separate the Boer guerrillas from their civilian base. _______________________________

48—49. In 1910, the colonies of Natal and the Cape were combined with the recently annexed Boer republics to form this nation. __________________________ This legislation of 1913 prohibited blacks, 80% of the population, from owning land on nearly 90% of the territory. __________________________

TRUE OR FALSE

50. Britain abolished slavery in its empire before slavery was ended in the United States. _______

51. By 1900, more than 90% of Africa’s territory had been divided by the European powers into colonies and spheres of influence. ______

52. The majority of white settlers in Algeria had moved there from France. _____

53. In the armed struggle with the British, all Boer males over the age of 14 were required to fight. _____

CHAPTER 4: “THE SHAPING OF AUSTRALIA,” (pp. 111—129)

COLONIAL OVERLORDS: TIMEFRAME AD 1850—1900

1. The number of miles separating Australia from Britain. ________________

2. Britain’s original purpose when its first fleet arrived in Australia in 1788. ______ ____________________________.

3. For two centuries, from the early 1600s to the late eighteenth century, Australia was known to Europeans as this. ________________

4. In 1770, this British explorer formally declared possession of the eastern coast of Australia, which he named New South Wales. ________________

5. The year the Commonwealth of Australia was formally established. ___________

6—11. The six colonies that joined together at this time. _____________________, ___________________, ______________________, _________________________, __________________, _________________________.

12. This island south of Australia was known as Van Diemen’s Land until 1855. ___________________

13. Approximately how long had Australia’s aborigines inhabited the continent. __________________

14—15. Diseases and settler-native violence led to an estimate decline in the Aboriginal population from ______________ in 1788 to __________________ by 1900.

16. By 1850, this was the chief export from Australia back to England. ___________

17. The discovery of this in 1851 led to a tripling of Australia’s population over the next decade. _______________

18. Government troops stormed a stockaded camp at this Victoria site after miners had burned their licenses and refused to pay their fees in 1854 — in the resulting fracas 25 miners and 5 soldiers were killed. _______________

19. The Polynesian people who had been settled in New Zealand for at least a thousand years before the arrival of the British. ______________

20. The 1840 treaty by which 500 New Zealand chiefs agreed to recognize British sovereignty in return for the recognition of their land rights. _____________________

21—23. The desert interior of Australia, it was opened up under government sponsorship beginning in the 1860s. _____________ The frontier bandits who roamed this sparsely populated region — many became popular heroes of Australian folklore legend. ________________ The most famous of these bandits, he was hanged in Melbourne in 1880. _________________

24. The last British troops to be garrisoned in Australia left in this year. __________

TRUE OR FALSE

25. Australian settlement of Tasmania led in thirty years to the diminishing of the local aboriginal population from about 7,000 to zero.

26. Women gained the vote in Australia 17 years before their counterparts in the United States. ___________

CHAPTER 5: “AMERICA DIVIDED,” (pp. 131—167)

COLONIAL OVERLORDS: TIMEFRAME AD 1850—1900

1. In 1848, gold was discovered on this river in California. ________________

2. In 1846, this parallel became the boundary in the northwest between the United States and British North America. ______________

3. Victory in war with this nation gave the U.S. control of New Mexico and California in 1848. __________________

4. The approximate number of Americans killed in the Civil War. ______________

5—6. Persecuted in the East, members of this new religious group trekked westward beginning in 1846 to the desert to Utah. ___________________ The leader who supervised this mass exodus. ______________________

7—8. Named after the men who had surveyed it in the eighteenth century, the Mason-Dixon Line not only separated these two states but was also typically identified as the boundary separating North from South. ___________________; __________________

9. The 1856 caning on the U.S. Senate floor of this Massachusetts politician by a South Carolinian who took umbrage at the remarks made about his uncle symbolized for many the growing divide between North and South in the years immediately preceding the Civil War. _________________________

10. In 1859, this abolitionist led an unsuccessful armed assault on the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia. ____________________

11—19. What were the seven states that seceded from the Union in the immediate aftermath of Lincoln’s election in 1860 as President? _________________; __________________; _____________________; ___________________________; ___________________; ______________________; __________________________. In February 1861, delegates from these states drew up a constitution for a new Confederate States of America in this city. __________________________________ The President of this Confederacy. __________________________

20. On April 12, 1861, Southern forces fired at this federal garrison, thus signaling the outbreak of war. ____________________________

21. There were twice as many casualties in one day in this September 1862 battle than the cumulative American casualties of the War of 1812, the Mexican War, and the Spanish-American War combined. _______________________

22. Lincoln’s declaration of January 1, 1863, it unilaterally stated that all slaves in territory under Confederate control were free. _________________

23. In 1876, Sioux warriors annihilated the U.S. Army forces of General George Custer in this Montana battle. ___________________

24. In 1890, U.S. troops attempting to clamp down on the revivalist Ghost Dance movement of the Northern Plains killed at least 200 unarmed Indians at this South Dakota locale. ________________

25. In the summer of 1863, the Confederate forces suffered major defeats in these two battles. ________________________

26. He became supreme commander of the Union forces in early 1864. _____________ __________________

27. On April 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered his Confederate forces at this Virginia crossroads. ______________________________

28—29. These two railroads were joined at Promontory Point, Utah in 1869, thus completing the first transcontinental line. ____________________________; ___________________________

30. Invented in 1874 by Joseph Glidden, its introduction to the Near West signaled the end of open range ranching. ___________________

31. This Civil War era legislation offered free western land to anyone willing to occupy, improve, and farm it. _________________________

32—34. War with Spain in 1898 would gain the U.S. these three island colonies. _________________; _____________________; __________________________

35—40 UNDERCURRENTS OF ANXIETY. Match the artist or thinker with the appropriate description.

-Edvard Munch _____

-Sigmund Freud _____

-Emile Zola _____

-Charles Booth _____

-Charles Darwin _____

-Paul Gauguin _____

a) He completed a comprehensive 17-volume survey of the London poor.

b) This Viennese psychiatrist explored how unconscious motivation influenced human behavior.

c) Convinced of the moral bankruptcy of industrialized Western society, he sought truth amongst the natives of the South Pacific.

d) This Norwegian artist’s “The Scream” (1893) became a near-iconic symbol for twentieth-century existence.

e) This writer produced realistic novels about the harsh lives of the French working class.

f) His Origins of the Species (1859) developed a theory of evolution in which the ability of the fittest to survive became the motor for biological advancement.

TRUE OR FALSE

41. The antebellum South produced 75% of the world’s cotton supply. _____

42. In 1860 the North manufactured 97% of all the arms and munitions in the U.S. ______

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