SIGMUND FREUD, “PSYCHOANALYSIS”
SIGMUND FREUD, “PSYCHOANALYSIS”
• As procedure for the investigation of inner hidden processes
As treatment of neuroses
• As information corpus
History:
• 1880-81, Josef Breuer, “Anna O”
w/ Freud, Studies in Hysteria (1895)—“Dora”
• 1885-76, Jean-Martin Charcot, “cathartic hypnosis” (abandoned for danger of suggestions)
• 1908, Vienna Psychoanalytic Society
Unconscious mechanism:
• psychical traumas generate heavy psychic affects
• if those go against a person’s defense mechanisms, energy is not normally abreacted
• blocked energy is converted into (regressive) psychosomatic symptoms (both reveal and hide)
Analysis process:
• patient guided to full “free association” (VS resistance)
• best patients are young, amenable, intelligent, moral, not heavily psychotic
• therapist facilitates by breaking memory/dream material into segments, but patient reveals the associations for each segment
• most psycho-neuroses are due to sexual trauma in infancy
• many interpretations based on universal human symbols
• transference, controlled abreaction, cure
• a process with many applications but not certainties, always revised
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