9/15/11 - Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic ...



THEORY II: PSYCHOANALTYTIC THEORIES

Drs. Halpern and Kenny- Course Chairs

Drs. Brown, Graver, Gillmore, Park, Tillinghast, and Wasserman - Instructors

- Associate Instructor

DATE/SEMINAR

2014-2015

|10/2 |Overview: drive, Ego, Self, Object, Subject & Other |Dr. Gilmore |

| |Ego Psychologists | |

|10/9 |Anna Freud: Ego and Defense |Dr. Gilmore |

|10/16 |Establishing a theory of technique |Dr. Gilmore |

|10/23 |Hartmann, Kris and Lowenstein |Dr. Graver |

|10/30 |Hartman continued |Dr. Graver |

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|11/6 |Metapsychology reconsidered (G. Klein and Gill) |Dr. Wasserman |

|11/13 |Safety & the representational world (Sandler) |Dr. Wasserman |

|11/20 |Internalization (Schafer) |Dr. Wasserman |

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| |Klein and the Early Kleinians | |

|12/4 |Abraham and the introduction to Melanie Klein |Dr. Kenny |

|12/11 |Klein I: PS/D positions |Dr. Kenny |

|12/18 |Klein II: Envy and Gratitude |Dr. Kenny |

|1/8 |The A. Freud/Klein controversies |Dr. Kenny |

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| |Kleinians Continued: Bion | |

|1/22 |Bion: Projective identification, containment & alpha function |Dr. Kenny |

|1/29 |Bion II |Dr. Kenny |

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| |A Road Deferred | |

|2/5 |Ferenczi: Confusion of Tongues |Dr. Tillinghast |

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| |British Middle School | |

|2/12 |Fairbairn & Balint: Object seeking & the Basic Fault |Dr. Tillinghast |

|2/19 |Winnicott and Bowlby: Self, transitional experience and attachment |Dr. Tillinghast |

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| |At the Border between Object Relations Theory and Ego Psychology | |

|2/26 |Jacobson: Self & Object World |Dr. Stern |

|3/5 |Loewald: Integration |Dr. Stern |

|3/12 |Kernberg: Revisiting Klein & Jacobson |Dr. Stern |

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| |Attachment Theory | |

|3/19 |Attachment Theory I |Dr. Graver |

|3/26 |Attachment Theory II |Dr. Graver |

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| |Introduction to Self Psychology | |

|4/2 |Concepts of Self and Narcissism |Dr. Park |

|4/9 |Self Psychology I: Empathy and selfobject |Dr. Park |

|4/16 |Self Psychology II: Shame and Rage |Dr. Brown |

|4/23 |Intersubjectivity: Selfobject and other |Dr. Brown |

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| |Further Developments in Kleinian Theory | |

|4/30 |Introduction to Contemporary Kleinians |Dr. Halpern |

|5/7 |Contemporary Kleinians continued |Dr. Halpern |

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| |Oedipus: Different Perspectives | |

|5/14 |Oedipus complex I: Freud to Loewald |Dr. Halpern |

|5/21 |Oedipus II: Kohut and the London Kleinians |Dr. Halpern |

|5/28 |Oedipus III: Ego Ideal and Superego |Dr. Halpern |

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| |Integration | |

|6/4 |Integration I – theory |Dr. Stern |

|6/11 |Intergration II: Clinical |Dr. Stern |

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Lecture 1 Overview: Drive, Ego, Sefl, Object, Subject & Other Dr. Gilmore Dr. Stern

Freud, S Mourning and Melancholia (1917)

. Loewald, H.W. (1978). Instinct Theory, Object Relations, and Psychic-Structure Formation. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 26:493-506.

Ego Psychologists

Lecture 2 Anna Freud: Ego and Defense Dr. Gilmore

Freud, A (1966): The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense Hogarth Press.chapter 1-5

Bornstein, A (1951). On latency.

Lecture 3 Establishing a theory of technique Dr Gilmore

Fenichel, O.: The Psychoanalytic Theory of Neurosis, 1945, chapt.3 (23-32); 23 (569-573)

Arlow, J.A. (1995). Stilted Listening: Psychoanalysis As Discourse. Psychoanal Q., 64:215-233.

Lecture 4 Hartmann, Kris & Lowenstein Dr. Graver

excerpts prepared from Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation Book (Hartmann, H. Ego Psychology and the Problem of Adaptation (presented in  1937 and published in German in 1939 and translated by David Rapaport in 1958)

Waelder, R. (1936) “The Principle of Multiple Function: Observations of Over-Determination.” Psychoanalyt Quarterly. Vol 5 no 1: 45-62

Note: Please concentrate your reading on pages 45 - top of page 53  (we will go over this section in class).  Focus on the concepts of 'Multiple Function" and "Overdetermination", as well as the 8 groups of problems whose solution is attempted by the Ego. 

Lecture 5 Hartman, Kris and Loewenstein cont. Dr. Graver

Loewenstein, R.M. (1951). The Problem of Interpretation. Psychoanal Q., 20:1-14.

Kris, E. (1956). On Some Vicissitudes of Insight in Psycho-Analysis. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 37:445-455.]

Recommended Reading:

Hartmann, H., Kris, E., Loewenstein, R.M. (1946). Comments on the Formation of Psychic Structure. Psychoanal. St. Child, 2:11-38.

Kafka, E (1989). The Contribution of Hartmann’s Adaptational Theory to Psychoanalysis, with Special Reference to Regression and Symptom Formation. Psychoanal. Quarterly, 58: 571 – 591.

Lecture 6 Klein and Gill: Metapsychology Reconsidered

Dr. Wasserman

Please consider the following questions in doing your reading:

1. What is metapsychology? How does it differ from clinical theory? Why do Klein and Gill think it's important to discard metapsychology?

2. How did  Gill change his position in the 1980's and 90's from his 1954 definition of psychoanalysis when he emphasized a)the neutral analyst, b) induction of a regressive transference neurosis, and c) resolution of the transference neurosis by interpretation alone? In particular,  how has he changed his views on the relationship between patient and analyst and his view of transference. ( Hoffman pp.72-78)

3.in his final book in 1992 gill discussed one and two person psychologies- what does he mean by this and how are they related to trauma and drive?( p.34) what is the role  of alliance concepts in attempting to reconcile one person theories with the clinical experience of the interpersonal nature of the psychoanalytic situation?( pp 40 -44)

Gill, M.M. (1976): Metapsychology is not psychology. In Psychology versus Metapsychology: Psychoanalytic Essays in Memory of George S. Klein. Gill, M and Holzman, P.S., eds. NY: IUP, 1976 (pp. 71-105.)

NOTE: the section entitled “The relationship between metapsychology and psychoanalysis (pages 91—103) is optional rather than required. You should read the summary on pp.103-104.

Hoffman, I.Z. (2000): Merton Gill: a Study in theory development in psychoanalysis. In

Changing Conceptions of Psychoanalysis. Edited by D.K. Silverman and D.L. Wolitsky. NY: Analytic Press (pp. 47-87). Required, pp. 49-64, 72-80, 83-84 (remainder is optional)

Gill, M. (1994) “On person and two person psychology (ch. 3) in Psychoanalysis in transition. Pp. 33-48

Optional:

Klein, G (1976): “Two theories or one?” Psychoanalytic Theory: an exploration of Essentials.

New York: IUP, 41-71

Gill, M. (1977): "Psychic Energy Reconsidered", J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assoc. 25:581-597.

Holt, RR (1989): The current status of psychoanalytic theory. In Freud Reappraised: A Fresh Look at Psychoanalytic Theory chap 13 (pp. 324-344). NY: Guilford [originally published in Psychoanal. Psychol. 2: 289-315, 1985]

Shevrin, H. (1997): Psychoanalysis as the patient: high in feeling, low in energy. JAPA, 45: 841-864.

Lecture 7 Sandler: Safety & the Representational World

Dr. Wasserman Dr. Wassrerman

Sandler is thought of as playing an important role in integrating classical ego psychology with  object relations theory as practiced by most ego psychologists today. Fonagy and Cooper(f&c)say on p.4 his meticulous systematic development of the representational world framework was the bedrock of the 'quiet revolution' of PSA thought over the past quarter century.

Readings:

Fonagy, P. and Cooper, A.M. (1999): Joseph Sandler’s intellectual contributions to theoretical

and clinical psychoanalysis. In Psychoanalysis on the Move: The Work of Joseph Sandler.

Edited by P. Fonagy, A.M. Cooper and R. Wallerstein. London: Routledge (pp. 1-29)

Sandler, J. and Rosenblatt, B . (1962): The concept of the representational world.

PSC 17:128-145.

Sandler, J. (1960): The background of safety. IJP 41:191-8.

Sandler, J. (1976): Countertransference and role responsiveness. IRP, 34:43-47.

Optional:

Wallerstein, R.S. (1999): A half-century perspective on psychoanalysis and psychotherapy: the

historical context of Joseph Sandler’s contributions”. In Psychoanalysis on the Move,

pp. 30-50.

Study Questions:

1. Sandler was always interested in relating theory to clinical observations. In his Representational World paper how did he use the representational world framework to modify clinical concepts such as identification, introjection, incorporation, narcissism, self esteem? How does the representational world shape and influence perception ?

2. As discussed in paper on "role responsiveness", how did Sandler's view of internalized object relations shape his changes in  conceptualizing transference and countertransference? How is this related to one and two person models? What does he mean by "actualization" and "free floating responsiveness"? What role do they play in "role responsiveness"? What does he mean when he talks of the analyst's countertransference response as a "compromise formation"? Finally, note his emphasis on always trying to catch and sustain ( contain?) his countertransference urges as opposed to discharging them. Think about implications of this for clinical practice.

3. In the 2nd clinical example ( gives patient tissues) from his role responsiveness paper Sandler illustrates what he means by role resposiveness:How does this differ from the usual meaning  of countertransference? how is it related to projective identification?  what does this  clinical example  say about his position on self revelation and reconstruction?

4. How did Sandler's view on the motivational role of feeling states- including a background of safety challenge many of the original assumptions of libido theory"?  

Lecture 8 Schafer: Internalization Dr. Wasserman

Readings:

Greenberg, J. (2013) Action, agency and empathy. PQ 82:63-76

Schafer, R. A New Language for Psychoanalysis, chap 1: pp. 3-9 only. New Haven: Yale Unviersity Press

Schafer, R. (1983): The Analytic Attitude. Chapter 10 “The analysis of resisting”, pp. 162-182. and chapter 11 “Psychoanalytic Interpretations”, pp. 183-192

Optional:

Schafer, R. (1968): Aspects of Internalization, chap 1, pp. 7-12. Chapter 2, pp 24-29 (skip rest of

the chapter)

Schafer, R. (1959): Generative empathy in the treatment situation. PQ 28: 342-373.

Schafer, R. (1968): Aspects of Internalization, chaps. 6 (Identification: a comprehensive and

flexible definition) and 8 (The fates of the immortal object). Ct: IUP, pp. 140-180, 220-236

Schafer, R. (1970): New Language for Psychoanalysis., chapter 13 "Defining Emotion as

Action,". New haven: Yale University Press, 271-293.

Schafer, R. (1983): The Analytic Attitude. Chapter 14 “Narration in the psychoanalytic dialogue. New York: Basic Books, pp. 212-239.

Schafer, R. “In the wake of Heinz Hartmann. Chapter 1 in Tradition and change in Psychoanalysis. , pp. 3-21

Klein and Early Kleinians

Lecture 9 Abraham and Introduction to Melanie Klein Dr. Kenny

Readings and Notes:

Abraham, Karl. A Short Study of the Development of the Libido, viewed in the Light of Mental Disorders (1924). In Selected Papers on Psychoanalysis by Karl Abraham. pp. 418-421, 442-453.

Note: You are reading two sections (Intro and Sec III) that are excerpted from a classic paper in which Abraham surveys psychosexual development and it’s relationship to neurosis and character. Try to think of “manic depressive” as states of mind rather that what we now describe as an Axis I diagnosis. As you are reading, consider the following questions:

a) For Abraham, the “loss of the loved object” (remember Mourning and Melancholia) is of great interest, both clinically and theoretically. What does he notice about patients’ reactions/symptoms in response to loss?

b) How does Abraham’s description of the oral phase (particularly the oral sadistic phase) help us understand depression/melancholia?

c) Watch for important concepts which Melanie Klein will pick up and develop further, e.g. process of introjection, internal objects, splitting of internal objects, understanding early phantasies (particularly sadistic ones), and how all of this comes together for her as she develops her ideas about the Paranoid Schizoid and Depressive positions.

Introduction to the Work of Melanie Klein, second edition, Hannah Segal, Basic Books, 1974. pp. 11-16, 24-28, 39-42.

Note: These are written essays by Hannah Segal (a colleague of Klein’s and Kleinian theorist in her own right) of her lectures teaching Melanie Klein at the Institute of Psycho-analysis in London. She gives an excellent overview of the concepts. Use it to understand the concepts and to guide you in reading Klein herself.

Lecture 10 Klein I: Phantasy, PS/D Position Dr. Kenny

Study Questions for Klein Part I 

 

1)What is the difference between S. Freud's concept of fantasy and Melanie Klein's understanding of Phantasy?

 2)  Describe how the ideas of internal objects and phantasy are related, and why this is so important to understanding the Paranoid Schizoid Position.

 3)  What are predominant mental mechanisms used in the paranoid schizoid position and how do they work?

 4)  What is the main anxiety in the Paranoid Schizoid Position?

5) Why is super ego formation a useful way to understand Freud's idea of internalization and then to contrast that to Melanie Klein's view of internal objects?

 6)  What does Envy have to do with the Paranoid Schizoid Position?  What is Melanie Klein's model of pathology that is related to Envy?  (we will also address this next week but you should start to think about it now)

 

REQUIRED:

Klein, M. (1946). Notes on Some Schizoid Mechanisms. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 27:99-110.

Notes: Focus on pages 100 – 106. This includes the sections titled: “Splitting Processes in Relation to the Object”, “Splitting in Connection with Introjection and Projection”, “Schizoid Object Relations”, and “The Depressive Position in Relation to the Schizoid Positions”

Klein, M. (1928). Early Stages of the Oedipus Conflict. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 9:167-180.

Notes: This is an early paper; take less time on this one, more on the pages cited above in the 1946 paper. Read this to get a sense of how M Klein is thinking about Oedipus. Questions you should consider:

a) What evidence does MK have for thinking that Oedipally-linked emotions (guilt, aggression) are present in young children?

b) What does MK think is the most important trauma associated with development that takes place in relation to negotiating the Oedipal phase of development?

c) For MK, W\when does Oedipal development occur in relation to the positions?

Jay Greenberg and Stephen Mitchell, Melanie Klein, Chapter 5: In Object Relations in Pychoanalytic Theory, , Harvard University Press, 1983, pp. 119-130

Note: This is another terrific overview of Klein. Greenberg and Mitchell are deft and considerate in making Klein approachable and applicable from multiple theoretical perspectives (they are William Allanson White Interpersonalists)

Lecture 11 Melanie Klein II: Envy & Gratitude Dr. Kenny

Study Questions for M Klein Part II

 

1)  Define Envy, Greed, and Jealousy according to M Klein.

  What are the differences between the three? 

  Which is more active in the Paranoid/Schizoid Position? 

  Which is more active in the Depressive Position? 

How does dealing with these experiences have to do with healthy development  and what can be achieved if they can be tolerated?

2)  How does the child (or person) move from the Paranoid Schizoid position to the Depressive Position?

3) What is the principal Depressive Anxiety? 

4)  Why is mourning an important part of the Depressive Position and what is being despaired?

5)  How is the Oedipal situation described by Melanie Klein related to the Depressive Position?

6)  What is the Manic Defense?

7)  How does Reparation work in the Depressive Position?

Klein, M. (1957) Envy and Gratitude and Other Works 1946-1963. London:

Hogarth Press, 1975, pp. 176-235.

 

Optional:

Introduction to the Work of Melanie Klein, second edition, Hannah Segal, Basic Books, 1974. pp. 67-70, 82-84, 92-93.

Klein, M. (1940). Mourning and its Relation to Manic-Depressive States. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 21:125-153.

Note: focus on pp. 125 –138 – be aware that “manic-depressive states” is generally NOT referring to what we now call Manic Depression as an AXIS I diagnosis but, rather, is her description of aspects of the transition to, and experience of, the depressive position; read the rest of the paper if you want more on M. Klein’s clinical work.

Klein, M. (1952) Some theoretical conclusions regarding the emotional life

of the infant. In Envy and Gratitude and Other Works 1946-1963. London:

Hogarth, 1975, pp. 61-93

Lecture 12 The A. Freud/Klein Controversies Dr. Kenny

Readings and Notes:

Bollas, C. (1993). The Freud-Klein Controversies 1941–1945: Edited by Pearl King and Riccardo Steiner. London and New York: Routledge, 1991, 958 pp., $175.00.. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 41:807-815.

Note:

"This is actually a book review of a volume on the Freud-Klein Controversies by King and Steiner.  It gives a thorough synopsis of the book and as such provides a vivid and interesting look at the personalities, the setting, and the history of the dramatic context in which the heated debate played out.

Kernberg, O. (1969): A contribution to the eg-psychological critique of the Kleinian School” IJP, 50: 317-333.

Note: "Kernberg gives a rigorous, though quite detailed, review of the main technical and theoretical differences between the Ego Psychologists and the Kleinians from the 1940s on. Focus on Section II, Summary of the Ego Psychological Critique."

Review:

"Please review Chapter IX, Identification with the Aggressor, in Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense, by A. Freud, and Splitting in Connection with Introjection and Projection, in Notes on Some Schizoid Mechanisms, by M. Klein. Both these were already assigned so just peruse them again before class as we will use these to look at specific differences and similarities between the two thinkers."

Optional:

Schafer, R. (1994). One Perspective on the Freud–Klein Controversies 1941-45. Int. J. Psycho-Anal., 75:359-365.

Lecture 13 Bion I: Projective Identification, Containment & Alpha Function

Dr. Kenny

Bion I: Experiences in Groups

Reading:

Experiences in Groups

Intra-Group Tensions in Therapy – Pages 11-26

Chapters 1 & 2 – Pages 29 – 58

Group Dynamics – Pages 141 – 191

Lecture 14 Bion II Dr. Kenny

Reading:

Bion, W.R. Attacks on Linking (1959).

Bion, W.r. Theory of Thinking (1962)

 Study questions:

Attacks on Linking:

    *What does he mean by link?

    *How do you understand the idea of implicit hatred of emotions as he elaborates it in the paper?

    *What are the effects of attacks on linking on the development of the superego?

A Theory of Thinking

    *How does he use the concepts of container and contained?

    *How is he distinguishing normal and pathological projective identification?

    *How does he modify Klein's concept of PI?

    *What is Alpha function, and what are Beta elements?

    *How do they relate to maternal reverie?

    *What role does frustration play in his metapsychology?

Hopefully, you will give yourself time to read these papers carefully.   They are notorious for being difficult to read, but his contributions are important, and the yield is high.

Optional

Edna O'Shaughnessy: W.R.Bion's Theory of Thinking and New Techniques in Child Analysis. In: Melanie Klein Today. Developments in Theory and pracrtice, Volume 2: Mainly Practice:

Ronald Britton: Naming and Containing. In : Belief and Imagination, Explorations in Psychoanalysis

 

Lecture 15 Ferenczi: Confusion of Tongues Dr. Tillinghast

Ferenczi, S.: "Confusion of tongues between adult and the child" (1933) in The Selected Papers of Sandor Ferenczi, vol III. New York: Basic Books.

Lecture 16 Fairbairn and Balint Dr. Tillinghast

Fairbairn, W.R.D. (1951) “A Synopsis of the development of the author’s views regarding the structure of the personality” chap 7 in Object Relations Theory of the Personality. New York: Basic Books.

Balint, M. (1968): Selected readings from Basic Fault: Therapeutic Aspects of Regression.

London: Tavistock, pp. 28-29, 11-23

Lecture 17 Winnicott and Bowlby Dr. Tillinghast

Winnicott, D.W. (1960) Ego Distortion in Terms of True and False Self. In The Maturational Processes and the Facilitating Environment pp. 140-152.

Winnicott, D.W. (1949): Hate in the countertransference. IJP, 30: 67-94.

Recomended:

Bowlby, J. (1958): The nature of the child's ties to Mother. IJP. 39:350-373.

At the Border between Object Relations Theory and Ego Psychology

Lecture 18 Jacobson Dr. Stern

Jacobson, E. (1954): The Self and the Object World. PSC IX: 75-124

Optional:

Jacobson, E. (1957) Denial and repression. JAPA 5: 61-92.

Jacobson, E.(1957):On normal and pathological moods: their nature and functions. PSC 12:73-13.

Lecture 19 Loewald Dr. Stern

Loewald, H. Papers on Psychoanalysis. Cambridge: Yale University/Press, 1980

Chapter 1: Ego and reality

Chapter 13: Instinct theory, object relations and psychic structure formation

Chapter 15: Internalization, Separation, mourning and the Superego

Lecture 29 Kernberg: revisiting Klein & Jacobson Dr. Stern

Kernberg, O. (1976): Object Relations Theory and Clinical Psychoanalysis, Chap. 1 (Structural derivatives of object relations) and 2 (Normal and pathological development), pp 19-83

Lecture 21 Attachment Theory I Dr. Graver

Note:

* Please read the Fonagy chapter for the next two classes. It gives an up-to-date concept-based assessment of where we are with Attachment Theory in the psychoanalytic world.

* If you would like a review of Attachment Theory history and concepts, look at the Arietta Slade article (optional reading) which you have seen before in your child class last year.

Reading:

Fonagy, P, Gergely, G and Target, M. Psychoanalytic constructs and attachment theory and research. Ch. 33 in Handbook of Attachment, 2nd edition, edited by J. Cassidy and P. Shaver. Guilford, 2008, pp. 783-810

Optional:

Slade, A. (2000). The Development and Organization of Attachment:

Implications for Psychoanalysis. J. Amer. Psychoanal. Assn., 48:1147-1174.

Lecture 22 Attachment Theory II Dr. Graver

See last weeks readings

Lecture 23 Concepts of the Self and Narcissism Dr. Park

The next 2 lectures we will discuss Kohut and Self Psychology. Today's lecture is a historical review of concepts of the self and narcissism and an introduction to Kohut's metapsychology. The readings are a background for the lecture. We will not be discussing the readings in detail, but they will provide a background for the concepts we will discuss.

Required:

Kohut, H. “Four basic concepts of self psychology” (1979). In Search for the Self, vol 4. Edited by Ornstein, P., pp. 447-470.

Ornstein, P. “From narcissism to ego psychology to self psychology (1991) in Sandler, Person and Fonagy Freud’s Narcissism: An Introduction, pp. 175-194.

Kohut, H. (1966): Forms and transformations of narcissism JAPA

14: 243-272

Recommended:

Kohut & Wolf. (1978). The Disorders of the Self and their Treatment: An Outline. Int. J Psycho-Anal., 59:413-425.

Lecture 24 Self Psychology I: Empathy and selfobject Dr. Park

Today we will discuss empathy, selfobject and Kohut's theory of technique. We will focus in detail on the case studies: Anna Ornstein's paper (Mr. S) and Kohut's Miss F. The Teicholtz paper contextualizes the selfobject concept in the move to postmodernism, and the Ornstein paper reviews some of the controversies surrounding the idea of empathy.

Required:

Teicholtz, J. : "Kohut's concept of the selfobject" (1999)in Kohut, Loewald and the Postmoderns: A Comparative Study of Self and Relationship

Kohut, H. (1971): The analysis of the self, pp. 283-293. “Miss F”

 Ornstein, A. (1990). Chapter 5 Selfobject Transferences and the Process of Working Through. Progress in Self Psychology, 6: 41-58.

Ornstein, P.: “Remarks on the central position of empathy in psychoanalysis,” (1979). Bulletin for Psychoanalytic Medicine, vol. 18, pp. 95-108.

Recommended:

Kohut, H.: Introspection, empathy and psychoanalysis: an examination of the relationship between mode of observation and theory” (1959) in The Search for the Self, vol 1, edited by Ornstein, P. pp. 205-232

Lecture 25 Self Psychology II: Shame and Rage Dr. Brown

Required:

Kohut, H. (1972): Thoughts on narcissism and narcissistic rage. PSC 27: 360-400.

The first part of this article is an excellent review of what we have covered so far, so don't skip over it to get to the rage part.  Mark down anything you don't completely grasp so we can make sure to go over it in class.

Notice also that in this paper Kohut is still somewhat attached to psychoeconomics and at the same time he is tailoring his language to his audience - the conservative New York Psychoanalytic.  Hence, the parent is referred to as "the environment," among other protective maneuver

Recommended readings:

[Helpful background for teaching or assigning: 

Paul Ornstein, Chronic Rage from the Underground: Reflections on its Structure and Treatment, Progress in Self Psychology vol 9:143-157 (1993)

Anna Ornstein, Fate of Narcissistic Rage in Psychotherapy, Psychoanalytic Inquiry 18:55-70 (1998)

Lecture 26 Intersubjectivity – Selfobject and other Dr. Brown

Robert Stolorow and George Atwood were early leaders of the intersubjective approach in psychoanalysis, introducing the term to American psychoanalysis in the 1970s. Together with their frequent collaborators (Brandschaft, Orange, Lachmann) they moved away from Self Psychology (with which they had been associated) and from classical psychoanalysis with their critique of the “myth of the isolated mind,” arguing instead for a dynamic systems perspective. They saw the intersubjective field, and by extension, the analytic relationship, as a “system of reciprocal mutual influence.” This conceptualization necessitated a re-thinking (among other topics) of psychoanalytic epistemology, theorizing, the unconscious, the transference, affect, therapeutic action, and analytic goals and values.

In this class, we will delve into their philosophically and epistemologically complex arguments and the clinical and technical consequences of this way of thinking, asking what is added and what is lost in this perpective. We will also discuss how this way of thinking relates to other “two person” perspectives and as well as to other intersubjective points of view.

Readings:

1. Stolorow, Branchaft and Atwood (1987), Psychoanalytic Treatment: An Intersubjective Approach: Ch. 1 -  Principles of Psychoanalytic Exploration

2. Stolorow, Branchaft and Atwood (1987), Psychoanalytic Treatment: An Intersubjective Approach: Ch. 3 -  Transference

3. Stolorow and Atwood (1992) “Three Realms of the Unconscious” in Relational Psychoanalysis: the Emergence of a Tradition.

4. George E. Atwood Robert D. Stolorow (2012) The Demons of Contextualism . Psa Review. 99:267-286.

Lecture 27 Introduction to the contemporary Kleinians Dr. Halpern

Required:

Ogden, T, Subjects of Analysis, Aronson, 1994, Chapter 3 “Toward an Intersubjective

Conception of the Subject: The Kleinian Contribution Pp 33-48

Schafer, R. (1977). Introduction to The Contemporary Kleinians of London. Madison,

Ct: IUP, pp. 1-25.

Spillius, E.B. (1993): Varieties of Envious Experience. IJP 74:1199-1212 [on PEP WEB]

Optional Readings:

Spillius, E.B., ed. 1988. Melanie Klein Today, Volumes 1 and 2. London: Routledge.

Lecture 28 Contemporary Kleinians Continued Dr. Halpern

.

Segal, H . Phantasy and Reality, IJP 75:395-401 (1994) 

 

Joseph, Betty (1984): Projective identification: some clinical aspects. In Psychic Equilibrium and Psychic Change. London: Routledge, 1989, pp. 168-180

Joseph, Betty, Transference: The Total Situation, IJP 66:447-454.

Oedipus: Different Perspectives

Lecture 29 Oedipus Complex I: Freud to Loewald Dr. Halpern

Required:

Freud, S. (1924) The dissolution of the Oedipus Complex. S.E. 19: 173-179.

Loewald, H. (1979) The waning of the oedipus complex. Papers on Psychoanalysis. New Haven: Yale, pp. 384-404.

Optional:

Fenichel, Otto. Specific Forms of the Oedipus Complex. IJP 12:412-430, 1931.

Sophocles, The Theban Plays

Lecture 30 Oedipus Complex II: Kohut and the London Kleinians Dr. Halpern

Ornstein, A., An Idealizing Transference of the Oedipal Phase in Reflections on Self Psychology ed. by Lichtenberg, J., Kaplan, S., Analytic Press, 1983. Pp 135-148.

Britton, Ronald, The Missing Link: Parental Sexuality in the Oedipus Complex, in

The Oedipus Complex Today, Karnac Books, London, 1989, pp 83-101.

Study Questions:

1. Define an oedipal selfobject.

2. What are the differences between transmuting internalization and identification?

3. What are the differences between oedipal and pre-oedipal forms of idealization

according to Kohut?

4. According to Kohut, what accounts for the “exalted position” of the superego?

5. What are the various ways idealization has been conceptualized within psychoanalysis? What are the salient clinical differences among these conceptualizations? Similarly, how is devaluation variously understood? How do idealization and devaluation relate to (oedipal) love and hate?

6. What is castration within different psychoanalytic perspectives? Is there a “deeper dread than castration?”

7. What are the most important differences between the concepts of deficit and conflict?

8. Does a selfobject transference imply merger and a loss of self-other boundaries and therefore also imply that it is a pre-oedipal concept?

9. Where is the other in the self-selfobject matrix and what is the function of the analyst as other in the analytic process?

10. What is the missing link?

11. What is the relationship between the depressive position and the oedipus situation?

12. What is the relationship between insight and the oedipus complex according to Britton?

Optional:

Meyers, H., The Oedipal Complex and Self Psychology: A Discussion of Paper by Dr. Ornstein in Reflections on Self Psychology ed. by Lichtenberg, J., Kaplan, S., Analytic Press, 1983. Pp 149-161.

Abrams, S. (1984). Fantasy and reality in the oedipal phase. PSC 39: 83-100.

Michels, Robert. Oedipus and Insight . PQ. 55:599-617, 1986.

Klein, M. (1945) The Oedipus Complex in the light of early anxieties. Love, Guilt and Reparation and other works, 1921-1945. London: Hogarth Press, 1981, pp. 370-419.

Feldman, Michael, (1990) Common Ground: The Centrality of the Oedipus Complex, IJP 71:37-48.

Ornstein, A.(1993) Little Hans and his Oedipus Complex, Freud’s Case Studies: Self Psychological Perspectives (ed) B. Magid, Analytic Press.

Teicholz, Judith, Chapter 6 A Dual Shift in Psychoanalytic Focus: Self to Subjectivity, Analysand to Analyst in Kohut, Loewald, and the Postmoderns, Analytic Press, 1999 pp 115-133.

Tolpin, M, Self-Objects and Oedipal Objects–A Crucial Developmental Distinction, Psychoanal. Study Child, 33:167-184 (1978).

Kohut, H., Chapter 5, “The Oedipus Complex and the Psychology of the Self” in The Restoration of the Self (1977) pp. 220-248.

Mollon, Phil, Impasse and Oedipus: contrasting Perspectives in Releasing the Self: the Healing Legacy of Heinz Kohut, Whurr Publishers, 2001.

Lecture 31 Oedipus III: Ego Ideal and Superego Dr. Halpern

Review:

Freud, S, (1923) The Ego and the Id XIX, especially pages 28-66

______ (1914) On Narcissism S.E. XIV especially pages 172-179.

______ (1917) Mourning and Melancholia S.E. XIV especially pages 237-253

Required:

Schafer, Roy, (1960) The Loving and Beloved Superego in Freud’s Structural Theory, PSC, 15:163-186.

Sandler, J (1963) The Ego Ideal and the Ideal Self PSC

Further Readings:

Loewald, Hans, Superego and Time (1962)

Hartmann, H, and Lowenstein, Notes on the Superego PSC 17: 42-81

Hartmann, Kris, Lowenstein, Comments on the Formation of Psychic Structure PSC 2:11-38..

Jacobson, E (1964) The Self and the Object World

Bergler, E., Curable and Incurable Neurotics

Freud, A, (1964) The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense

Blos, P (1974) The Genealogy of the Ego Ideal, PSC 29: 43-88

Sandler, J (1960) On the Concept of the Superego

Arlow, J (1982) Problems of the Superego Concept PSC 37:229-244.

Klein, M, (1933) The Early Development of Conscience in the Child.

Kernberg, O.,(1982) Chap. 2, Object Relations Theory and Clinical Psychoanalysis.

Meyers, H. Introduction. In Psychoanalysis: Toward the Second Century., 1989

Meyers, H. “Superego- too much, too little” presented at 14th Regional Council, June 17-19, 1988

Meyers, H. “Discussion of “Superego Analysis”, by Leon Hoffman. J. of Clinical Psa.

Lecture 32 Integration I Dr Stern

Mitchell, S and Black, M. Freud and Beyond, chapter 1, 2 and 4

Lecture 33 Integration II Dr. Stern

Mitchell, S and Black, M. Freud and Beyond, chapter 5, 6 & 7

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