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Table of ContentsPlan 2Introduction 3Methodologies 4Literature Review 5Primary Research 7Analysis and Synthesis 10Conclusion 12Bibliography 13Appendix15IRP PlanThe focus of this research is to address the problematic effects of social media on the psychological wellbeing of adolescents. My research topic states; The negative impact of social media on the psychological wellbeing of adolescents. This addresses the requirement of syllabus links by looking at wellbeing of individuals, adolescences as a life stage and the social impact of technology. My hypothesis states; Social media places an unhealthy burden on the psychological wellbeing of adolescents. I acknowledge the positive connections of social media and wellbeing and I plan to touch on these however, as my research focus states my intention is to study the negative impacts social media has on adolescents.The sub topics I will look into in my central material will create my paragraphs and sections. I will define and explain my topic and the related concepts e.g. adolescence, wellbeing and social media. I will then identify the negative effects of social media. Followed by looking into how these negative effects influence the psychological wellbeing of adolescents. I will also look at what services are available to combat these effects. Also I’ll discuss how there are positive and negative aspects for example social media offers a bridge for communication over large distances however it also creates a bridge for strangers, predators and cyberbullying.My secondary data will be collected through a mix of print and digital data, including websites, journal articles, reports, books, and statistics. My secondary research will allow me to discover what research has been done in the past and will give me a basis for my research. I will reference all the sources I use to maintain ethics and avoid plagiarism.To gather my primary research, I plan on using three primary research methodologies: Questionnaire, Interview and Observation. My sampling method when conducting my questionnaire will be a random simple sample to gather a wide range of responses to add to the reliability of my research. My questionnaire will be posted online to gather this wide random sample but it will also be sent individually to some people to ensure it reaches different areas. My interview will offer in depth insight into my topic by asking open ended questions to gather opinion, knowledge and beliefs of another individual, I will use an audio recording software whilst interviewing so I can type a transcript after to avoid time wasting in the interview. The use of observation in this task is to obtain personal experience and understanding of the effects of social media by observing the process of adolescents posting on social media sites.Introduction“I fear the day that technology will surpass our human interaction. The world will have a generation of idiots.” – Albert EinsteinStudies show there is an increasing number of adolescence experiencing psychological distress and lowered wellbeing. This report looks into the effect social media plays on this rising statistic. The focus of this research project is to identify the problematic effects of social media on the psychological wellbeing of adolescence. Furthermore, this addresses the syllabus requirements by investigating the wellbeing of individuals, adolescence as a life stage and the social impacts of technology. This research project goes to prove that social media places an unhealthy burden on the psychological wellbeing of adolescence. There are positive connections between social media and wellbeing however, the research intention of this report is to discuss the negative effects of social media on adolescence. Through defining main concepts and identifying the negative effects of social media including lowering self-esteem and confusing ones sense of identity this report shows how these effects will lead to negative psychological burden on the wellbeing of adolescence.MethodologiesThe research methods I plan to use in this task are: Interview, Observation and Questionnaire for my primary research, and for my Secondary Research I will use print and digital data: web sources, books and data sources. My secondary research in form of a literature review allowed me to be aware of what other work has been done in the past and draw statistics and works done by others to give a basis for my research. All sources I use will be referenced to maintain ethics and avoid plagiarism.I conducted a questionnaire to base my primary research off and gather quantitative and qualitative data with open and closed questions to gather current information about social media usage and how prevalent the negative effects are in the sample of people; I shared my questionnaire online to gather random sample of adolescent participants as well as singularly send my questionnaires to individuals so I could ensure it had reached a broad range of people I gathered over 100 responses which adds to the reliability and validity of my results. I performed a pilot before sending my questionnaire out online to ensure my questions made sense and allowed me to fix any mistakes I had made. I then interviewed a 17-year-old whose identity will remain anonymous due to ethical procedures and confidentiality. It was used to gather detailed information, opinions and beliefs from another person regarding how they use social media and how it affects them personally. This provided me with in depth responses that I could analyse with my secondary research. As well as observation which I performed over the period of this task, I also recorded conversations that related to social media usage and psychological wellbeing amongst peer groups. Doing this has given me practical examples that I can use in my research. Literature review The World Health Organisation (WHO) defines adolescence as “the period in human growth and development that occurs after childhood and before adulthood, from ages 10 to 19” (WHO, 2011) This is the life-stage where the individuals establish independence, a strong identity, spend time focusing on the self and their goals. Research suggests that having a low self-esteem and self-worth in this period is related to depression and decreased overall wellbeing. Wellbeing is “the degree of satisfaction that an individual or group experiences when needs are met.” (Beattie et al., 2014) Psychological wellbeing closely relates to emotional wellbeing, the core aspects of psychological wellbeing are: self-acceptance, life purpose, positive relationships, personal growth and independence. (Dodge et al., 2012) Psychological wellbeing is a predominantly a product of having the following needs met; sense of identity, safety and security and health, all needs do play a role in the psychological wellbeing however these three hold the most value. Wigmore states, “Social media is the collective of online communication channels dedicated to community-based input, interaction, content-sharing and collaboration.” (Wigmore, 2016) Social media sites include Facebook, Google+, Pinterest, Twitter, Instagram, Blogs etc. These sites are commonly used to avoid boredom, communicate with friends, to increase/maintain social capitol or to maintain long distance relationships. (Rochlen and Cokley, 2010) Media is a leading agent of socialisation which is the lifelong process of learning norms and expectations within the society.Some of the main concerns researchers have discovered due to social media on the psychological wellbeing of adolescents include: low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, unconscious measurements of adequacy, loss of social skills, the ability to display feelings openly, and the ability to have an open and honest face to face interaction. A common link found through jreay925 and Schacter, H’s independent research indicated that social media creates a sense of connectedness but it also builds the awareness of being ignored. This can occur via messages not being read and receiving limited likes and comments on status’ which is drastically effecting self-esteem, adequacy and self-image/worth in adolescents. (Schacter, 2015) (jreay925, 2014) This is thought to be the case due to adolescence being a time where identity is formed and being highly vulnerable to socialisation and influences of the society around them. A study for the Commissioner for Children and Young People looks at the impacts of social media on wellbeing (2015), discusses that media promotes positive norms of health, which can enhance the adolescents attitudes towards health however, there is a common risk of this causing obsession to ‘look like that’ which can lead adolescents into bulimia, which in turn causes serious health issues like heart failure, or anorexia, an eating disorder where one doesn’t eat at all or very little leading to health issues and lack of energy. Both offer significant blows to their psychological and physical health hence their wellbeing. It can also foster the formation of identity through having the ability to share photos, thoughts and activities seamlessly. However, this too can also negatively impact the wellbeing of adolescence through exposing them to negative and harmful content as well-being ‘socially rejected’ causing feelings of insignificance and inadequacy in adolescents. This can lead to negative repercussions on the psychological wellbeing of adolescence. A poor combination of social media in informal and formal situations can lead to social exclusion of adolescence through disengaging in activities. More so, adolescents often use social media to a large extend that it has become a harmful practice. (Swist et al., 2015) Hannah Schacter discusses the negative effects of social media through her own personal reflection and research of other sources. (Schacter, 2015) The conclusion of her research showed that social media can be dysfunctional leading to a sense of exclusion, envy and loneliness as majority of time spent ‘browsing’ on social media is used looking at other people’s photos and content. She also looks into how this “online surveillance” of other people’s content can lead to adolescents feeling inadequate or jealous of their ‘friends’ activities which can result in social anxiety. This is a common thread of negative psychological effects of social media discussed amongst researchers like Robert Kraut (Kraut et al., 1998). There is also a sensation that is now known as “FOMO” which is the fear of missing out; this sensation leads adolescents to spend an increase amount of time on social media to decrease their anxiety of missing out. This has also been researched by Przybylski, Murayama, DeHaan, & Gladwell (Przybylski et al., 2013). The social comparison process is a normality amongst adolescent social media users this can produce psychological distress, as such feed-back seeking has also been found to lead to depressive symptoms. Social comparison and feedback seeking have been associated with psychological problems; this shows how social media can affect the psychological wellbeing of adolescents. There have been multiple studies that consider how social media effects self-esteem. Having low self-esteem and self-worth is a result of sense of identity needs not being met resulting in a lower psychological wellbeing. Adolescents worry over how many ‘likes’ they receive this is due to social media being an environment where chaotic thoughts and behaviours flourish. A place where adolescents see not receiving enough ‘likes’ or comments believes they are not good enough. They are also constantly exposed to what society depicts as the ‘perfect image’ of who they should be and what they should look like. This exposure affects identity, self-esteem and can also lead to depression and social anxiety. Through feelings of inadequacy adolescents begin to feel unsure of who they are and who they want to be, affecting who they converse with, dress and act which is a major cause of depression amongst adolescence as they struggle with feelings of being socially unacceptable (Raney, 2015). Another negative effect of social media outlined by Raney is the addiction which can affect adolescents sleep patterns, anxiety and as previously discussed ‘FOMO’, these leads to not fulfilling needs and therefore shows that social media negatively impacts the psychological wellbeing of adolescents. Formal support services that strive to combat these effects include Headspace which is a support service that provides mental health services for 12-25 year olds this is inclusive of the adolescence time frame and they also assist in promoting positive wellbeing of young people (headspace, 2016). They offer confidential online and telephone services and centres located across Australia. Another support service available to combat this issue is KidsHelpline this service provides online webchats, phone calls and email counselling (Kids Helpline, 2016). These services promote positive psychological wellbeing of adolescents and this includes looking at issues of inadequate self-esteem, self-worth and poor mental health.Primary research My primary research was conducted through use of questionnaire and interview as well as casual observation. My questionnaire gathered respondents aged 10-19 but the main influx of responses were from the 16-17 year old age bracket. This questionnaire was created using google forms and was distributed through social media outlets like Facebook. My interview was of a 16 year old female, it was conducted verbally and was recorded for further analysis. My questionnaire was completed 75-25 female to male ratio this lowers validity however the results are still highly reliable and effective to this research task. As well as most of the respondents being over the age of 14, however, this can and should be expected due to social media age restrictions beginning at age 14+. 37522152908300075.1% of respondents used social media for more than 2 hours a day. These figures can instantly be linked to negative repercussions in health needs. This is over the recommended less than 2 hours per day by the Australian Department of Health (Dudley-Nicholson, 2016). Too much time spent on social media and technological devices has links to neck strain, vision problems and primarily inactive and sedentary adolescents. This can lead to obesity, low-self esteem, lack of real social interaction, increases feelings of depression and anxiety and increases the risks of developing lifestyle diseases. When asked “what processes do you go through before posting an image online?”75% of respondents underwent self-examination, 48% checked with their peers about which images were better, 47% spent time looking at their insecurities and comparing themselves to others. This overwhelmingly shows how many adolescence compare and examine themselves whilst online. These statistics apply to my interviewee describing her process of posting an image online. Stating they take a lot of photos and delete the ones she is unhappy with then she critiques each photo pointing out imperfections and deleting them. After reducing the number dramatically she would send the remaining to a group chat and consider her friends favorite photo. However, she then said sometimes she will continue to critique them and often end up hating them so not posting anything. This supports the statistics found in my questionnaire. Showing that some adolescence go through self-examination, checking with peers and critiquing insecurities. Also, 67% of respondents declared they care about the amount of likes they receive online. This is linked to putting a value on themselves which can result in feelings of inadequacy and self-hate if the goal is not reached. It can also be extremely uplifting and esteem building if the goal is reached every time. This question was followed with what actions do you take if you don’t receive your optimal amount of likes. Common responses where reposting at a ‘better’ time and asking people to like the post. There where many responses showing little care and no worry over not reaching the optimal level of likes. These responses show that not everyone is effected negatively by likes on images posted on social media. My interviewee stated feelings of disappointed and unworthiness when they don’t receive their optimum amount of likes. She went on saying she knows it affects her mood but she can’t help it and she knows it affects her confidence and esteem. It is known that not everyone feels this way, however as my statistics show it is above 60% of adolescence.Through my observation I was able to see someone posting a picture at 6:53pm November 13th, sending a message to a group chat at 6:57pm “GO LIKE MY INSTAGRAM PIC” then at 7:00pm messaging “I just deleted it because no one liked it ahaha”. This was followed by a stream of responses on the chat with “it had been 5 minutes!!” “I was about to go look at it” etc. This person was reposted it later (7:40pm) and messaged everyone again to make sure it was liked quickly.393763542672000My primary research showed how social media negatively effects self-esteem and confidence through comments like:“Teens post at particular times, will remove the photo if it doesn’t get enough likes or not a lot in a certain time frame”“It negatively effects my self-esteem and confidence as I don’t have ‘perfect’ features. And there are definitely high expectation on how to look”“I feel down if I don’t get many likes and feel self-conscious that maybe it wasn’t good enough”“My self-esteem was lowered due to unrealistic and ideal images of others. Resulting in myself leading a more consumeristic lifestyle.”“It has exacerbated insecurities and created a need for acceptance”The research also provided some positive answers regarding how they are not affected by social media. I also discovered through my interview that people use social media sites to attain feedback, this can negatively affect their psychological wellbeing as once they are consumed by the amount of likes and comments they receive their self-confidence and self-esteem can be lowered if they do not achieve the amount of feedback they would like.53% of respondents admitted they experience FOMO (Fear of missing out) when they are not on their social media accounts. This shows a growing dependence on social media and technology usage which can be detrimental to adolescents wellbeing. Another negative impact social media has on adolescence is its ability to distract. This is supported by 72% of respondents stating that social media distracts them from school work and 20% that said it may distract them from school work. This can be linked to FOMO as adolescents are distracted with social media due fear of missing something important.My interview led me to understand that some adolescences are very aware of being ignore or rejected over social media. This comes with feelings of not belonging and like the is ‘something wrong with (them)”. As they rely on social media to reassure self-image and self-worth. This is a dangerous path as it can lead to severe sense of identity issues which directly affects needs and wellbeing. When asked “what effects do you believe social media has on adolescents?” the highest responses where low self-esteem, depression, wanting to look like someone else, jealousy and low self-worth. These options are all negative impacts on adolescents. This is concerning as there were far fewer positive options chosen, so the negatives out way the positives. It is also concerning when this questionnaire was completed by adolescences and the results show they know and feel like their wellbeing is being compromised but still love and enjoy using social media. My interviewee said social media can increase self-confidence and self-esteem making you feel like you belong. But they also believed social media can do the complete opposite. Acknowledging it can negatively impact sense of identity, self-confidence and self-esteem. Admitting that her relationship to social media isn’t particularly healthy however she believes that she wouldn’t belong if she didn’t use it of have it. Other opinions I gathered on how social media and its impacts the wellbeing of adolescents include:“it gives false perceptions of what’s perfect or beautiful and causes low esteem but some gain self-esteem.”“It’s sad how people are so wound up over how many likes they receive. I would love if people loved themselves and realized it’s not important.”“It’s a great way to read news and gain information as well as stay in touch with people. It does causes distress when insecurities take places. Bullying is one of the biggest online problems amongst adolescents and on social media it can be so easy”“It is a greater system where there is happiness and love but also sadness and anguish.”“Our opinions can be changed. Our lifestyles, beliefs and personalities may be ridiculed and rejected leading to low self-esteem, and social media makes us constantly question our self-worth and whether we are ‘good enough’. It distracts from physical activities and getting active, consequently leading to obesity-and again, low self-esteem, it is a constant cycle.”AnalysisWhen comparing my literature review and my primary research there are both similarities and differences in relation to my original hypothesis. The results both relate and reinforce that social media negatively impacts psychological wellbeing of adolescents. Jreay925 and Schacter, H discuss the sense of connectedness social media creates but on the flip side also the heightened awareness of being ignored and unaccepted. They tabled this idea using the example of direct messages being read and received but left with non reply also receiving limited comments and likes on photos. This was then proven to lower self-esteem and self-worth, which consequently lowers an adolescents sense of identity (Schacter, 2015) (jreay925, 2014). My primary research concluded similar results where low self-esteem, depression and low self-worth where the highest responses when asked what effects do you see social media has on adolescents. Concluding that social media can negatively effect adolescents psychological wellbeing through sense of identity and low self-worth. The study for the commissioner for children and young people showed that social media can lead to obsessions to getting the feedback they want and can cause feelings of social rejection when they do not receive the likes they wanted. (Swist et al., 2015) This was confirmed through my observation showing that social media can lead to a need for feedback and social approval. “Social media leads to our opinions being changed, our lifestyles, beliefs and personalities may be ridiculed and rejected.” This statement from my primary research suggests that social media can expose us to negative content as being socially rejected leads to negative psychological affects and lowers wellbeing. Also my primary research concluded that social media “makes us question our self worth and whether we are ‘good enough’, it distracts us from physical activity and social activity’s face to face.” This shows how social media can negatively impact not only psychological wellbeing but physical and social wellbeing as well.Kraut and Schacter discuss the dysfunctional characteristics of social media and how it can lead to exclusion, envy and loneliness as over social media it is very easy to tell when your being ignore online. They consider how this ‘online surveillance’ can lead to feelings of inadequacy and feelings of rejection (Kraut et al., 1998) (Schacter, 2015). My primary research concluded that it is easy to tell when you’re being rejected and ignored online, leading to feelings of not belonging and that there is ‘something wrong with (them)’. This negatively effects sense of identity and self-worth, which is dangerous to negatively affecting psychological wellbeing. Kraut did a study in the late nineties that discussed the sensation of “FOMO”. This is the fear of missing out when adolescents are not using their mobile phones or using social media (Kraut et al., 1998). In my questionnaire 53% admitted that they experience FOMO regularly. Also Przybylski, Murayama, DeHaan, & Gladwell studied the effects social media had on concentration, sleep patterns, anxiety and FOMO (Przybylski et al., 2013)(Raney, 2015). My primary research concluded that social media distracts 72% of adolescents from doing school work and also another 20% said maybe to this question. Between my secondary research and primary research this concludes that experiencing social media can lead to FOMO, anxiety and lack of concentration therefore negatively effects the fulfillment of needs and their psychological wellbeing. My secondary research suggested that social comparison and feedback seeking has been closely linked to psychological distress, lowering overall wellbeing through not having all needs met. 75% of my respondents said they undergo self-examination often leading to self-hate when posting online and 47% of respondents spent time looking at their insecurities and comparing themselves to others. This shows how regular adolescents are negatively affected by social media through comparison. And 67% of respondents to my questionnaire stated they care about the amount of likes and comments they receive on their posts. This is also supported by my primary research “my confidence and self-worth get destroyed when I don’t get likes on my photos”. Showing how social media can create an unhealthy burden on adolescence which lowers confidence and self-worth this disrupts their sense of identity and health therefore lowers psychological wellbeing. This 67% of respondents that declared they care about the amount of likes and comments they receive online also agrees with Raney’s ideas that link feedback seeking to low self-esteem and low self-worth. This is as a result of sense of identity needs not being met and this results in a lower psychological wellbeing. Raney’s ideas also discuss that caring about the amount of likes is due to social media creating a chaotic environment. Caring about likes and feedback is linked to feelings of inadequacy and self-hate if the goals are not reached. This effects sense of identity and health needs. Also, in today’s day there are apps designed to help receive optimum number of likes. These apps ask for payment for no user accounts to like your posts to increase number of likes. Similarly shout outs on social media sights like Instagram are designed to find a popular account that will give a ‘shout out’ to your account. This is for the purpose of gaining more followers to increase the amount of likes and followers you get on your account. My secondary research also held string links to self-image and what the perfect body image should be. This exposure will affect adolescences identity, self-esteem and can also lead to depression and anxiety. My primary research suggested that the most common effects social media has on adolescence is low-self-esteem, depression, jealousy, wanting to look like someone else and low self-worth. Adolescences most commonly use social media to post images and look at other people’s posts. Therefore, there is a large exposure to other people images to lead to these results. These results and findings show that due to the largely depicted ‘perfect’ body image there is an increased exposure to the negative psychological effects that will negatively affect an adolescents wellbeing. This area involving body image is a sensitive topic which proved to limit my research, as respondents are unlikely to be honest; this limits the reliability of this section of my research despite answers being anonymous as adolescence are highly likely to internalise any of these feelings relating to body image. Overall my primary and secondary research have some differences however the information relates together and reinforces that social media places an unhealthy burden on the psychological wellbeing of adolescents. My secondary research concludes that social media effects the psychological wellbeing of adolescents negatively by reducing self-esteem which leads to depressive symptoms. Social media also creates a platform for social comparison and feedback-seeking which results in excessive self-inspection which leads to anxiety and depressive symptoms. My secondary research and my primary research shared similar ideas and answers. This shows that my results hold reliability and validity. The research also concludes that social media can lead adolescents to feelings of insignificance and inadequacy which will result in negative repercussions on the psychological wellbeing of adolescence. ConclusionThroughout the research process of my IRP it was clear to see that social media places an unhealthy burden on the psychological wellbeing of adolescence. This can be seen through my extensive secondary research of reliable sources which have been referenced below to maintain ethics and reinforced by the primary research I conducted over the course of this project. This Independent Research Task has allowed me to expand my knowledge of the course structure and of the main concepts necessary for understanding the course. Time limitations and restrictions of other works as well as the sensitivity and privacy of social media and the feelings associated led to limitations in my research task. If I were to re do this independent research project I would do more primary research including more in-depth and focused observation also I would conduct another interview with an adult to discuss their views on adolescence social media use. This would have expanded my field of research allowing me to draw more conclusions and have more valid and reliable research. Another interesting way to expand this research task would be to consider how social media affects all age groups and whether the impacts would be similar. My secondary research concluded that social media effects the psychological wellbeing of adolescents negatively by reducing self-esteem which leads to depressive symptoms. Social media also creates a platform for social comparison and feedback-seeking which results in excessive self-inspection which leads to anxiety and depressive symptoms. The research also concludes that social media can lead adolescents to feelings of insignificance and inadequacy which will result in negative repercussions on the psychological wellbeing of adolescence. My secondary research was gathered from reliable sources and valid researchers. This provided my research with backing evidence to support my research. My primary research concluded that social media places an unhealthy burden on the psychological wellbeing of adolescence. It demonstrated how self-confidence, self-worth, sense of identity, concentration, adequacy and self-esteem can be negatively affected by social media. Creating an unhealthy platform for comparison and feedback seeking resulting in self-examination and focus on insecurities. Concluding that there are negative repercussions on the psychological wellbeing of adolescence. During this research project I have proven my hypothesis and shown how social media can negatively affect psychological wellbeing of adolescence through lowering self-image, self-esteem, self-confidence, feelings of adequacy and feelings of belonging. My primary and secondary reach similar conclusions regarding the effects social media has on the mind-set and wellbeing of adolescence and young adults. My research showed worrying results regarding how adolescence know and feel that there are negative effects of social media that negatively affects their wellbeing but they still continue to love and enjoy using social media every day. Together my primary and secondary research concludes that social media places a burden on the wellbeing of adolescence, particularly lowering health, sense of identity and education needs. With these needs being compromised, adolescence wellbeing will be lowered. Proving that social media places an unhealthy burden on the psychological wellbeing of adolescence. Bibliography925, jreay (2014)?Psychological and long-term effects of social media. Available at: (Accessed: 19 October 2016).Beattie, A., Brown, K., Girvan, B., Rayner, B. and Bell (2014)?Nelson Community and family studies Prelim and Hsc. 2nd edn. United Kingdom: Cengage Learning EMEA.Board Of Studies, NSW (2013)?Community and family studies stage 6 Syllabus. 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(1998)?Internet paradox A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being ??Available at: (Accessed: 27 October 2016).Nesi, J. and Prinstein, M.J. (2015a)?THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ADOLESCENT TECHNOLOGY USE AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS: AN INTEGRATIVE MODEL OF OFFLINE AND TECHNOLOGY-BASED RISK FACTORS. Available at: (Accessed: 30 October 2016).Nesi, J. and Prinstein, M.J. (2015b) ‘Using social media for social comparison and feedback-seeking: Gender and popularity moderate associations with Depressive symptoms — university of north Carolina at chapel hill’,?Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(8), pp. 1427–1438. doi: 10.1007/s10802-015-0020-0.Ohannessian, C.M. (2009a) ‘Media use and adolescent psychological adjustment: An examination of gender differences’,?Media Use and Adolescent Psychological Adjustment: An Examination of Gender Differences, 18(5).Ohannessian, C.M. (2009b) ‘Media use and adolescent psychological adjustment: An examination of gender differences’,?Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18(5), pp. 582–593. doi: 10.1007/s10826-009-9261-2.Przybylski, A.K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C.R. and Gladwell, V. (2013) ‘Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out’,?Computers in Human Behavior, 29(4), pp. 1841–1848. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014.Raney, H. (2015)?Social media affects teens’ self-esteem, personal identity. Available at: (Accessed: 28 October 2016).Respondents (2016)?The negative impacts of social media on the psychological wellbeing of adolescents (10-19 years old). Available at: (Accessed: 10 January 2017).Rochlen, A. and Cokley, K. (2010)?Online social networking and the impact on well-being: Implications for school counselors. Available at: (Accessed: 19 October 2016).Schacter, H. (2015)?Me, Myselfie, and I: The psychological impact of social media activity. Available at: (Accessed: 19 October 2016).Srivastava, A., Tiwari and Kalap, R. (2013) ‘Impact of media use on adolescent’s mental health and well-being’,?Indian Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(1), p. 103.Swist, T., Philippa, C., Ms, J., Mccormack, A. and Third (2015)?Social media and the wellbeing of children and young people: A literature review. Available at: (Accessed: 19 October 2016).WHO (2011)?Adolescent development. Available at: (Accessed: 19 October 2016).Wigmore, I. (2016)?What is social media? - definition from . Available at: (Accessed: 19 October 2016).Willans, B. and Peacock, J. (2008)?Writing a literature review. Available at: (Accessed: 19 October 2016).Williams, Y. (2003)?What is adolescence? - definition, stages & characteristics - video & lesson transcript. Available at: (Accessed: 19 October 2016).AppendixQuestionnaire Hi guys, I’m ______ I am a student at ______. In my community & family studies (CAFS) course I am required to do a research project. My proposed topic is the negative impact of social media on the psychological wellbeing of adolescents. No personal details will be stored or used by me other than gender and age. By completing this questionnaire, you are giving me permission to use your responses in my research project. Please ensure you answer honestly to keep my questionnaire valid and reliable.What is your age?Are you male or female?What social media platforms are you apart of?On average, how many hours per day do you spend on social media?What do you feel the benefits of accessing social media are? (connecting with friends, news, following celebrities, meeting people, gaining support, limiting isolation, sharing photos and stories, avoiding boredom)When posting a photo on a social networking site what processes do you go through before hitting ‘post’?Do you care about how many likes you receive on a photo?What actions do you take if your post doesn’t receive optimal likes?When scrolling social media and viewing other friend’s posts what emotions do you feel?Do you feel your self-esteem and/or confidence has been impacted negatively by social media?Do you experience “FOMO” (Fear of Missing Out) when not using social media?Has your identity been compromised through receiving less likes on an image you thought was good?Does social media distract you from school work that you should be doing?Are you personally affected by the “perfect body image” depicted on social media?What are your opinions on the impacts social media has on the wellbeing of adolescents?What effects do you believe social media has on adolescents?Interview As of ethical research procedures I will keep your details confidential to this report however due you consent to having your gender submitted?When posting a picture to a social media platform what is the process you go through before posting the image?Would you say you go through a process of self-examination before posting?What is your reaction when you receive limited likes on the photo?Therefore, would you agree or disagree that posting on social media can result in feelings of inadequacy and lowered self-confidence and self-esteem?Do you use social media sites for feedback-seeking through ‘likes’ and ‘comments’?What response do you have when you know you’re being ignored over social media?Overall, what effects do you believe social media has on adolescents like yourself? ................
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