Philosophical and Sociological Foundations of Education

[Pages:424]

Edited by: Dr. Kulwinder Pal

PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF

EDUCATION

Edited By

Dr. Kulwinder Pal

Printed by LAXMI PUBLICATIONS (P) LTD.

113, Golden House, Daryaganj, New Delhi-110002 for

Lovely Professional University Phagwara

SYLLABUS

Objectives:

Philosophical and Sociological Foundations of Education

To understand the importance of various philosophical bases of education. To understand the impact of social theories on education. To relate the trends of social changes, cultural changes and their impact on education. To understand the application of modern science and technological development on social reconstruction.

Sr. No. 1 2 3 4 5

Description Education & Philosophy: Meaning, Relationship, Nature and Scope. Significance of studying Philosophy in Education. Aims of Education: Individual and Social Aims of Education. Functions of Education: Individual, Social, Moral and Aesthetic. School of Philosophical Thoughts: Idealism. School of Philosophical Thoughts: Naturalism. School of philosophical thoughts: Pragmatism. School of philosophical thoughts: Humanism. Indian philosophical thoughts: Sankhya. Indian philosophical thoughts: Vedanta. Indian philosophical thoughts: Buddhism. Indian philosophical thoughts: Jainism. Indian philosophical thoughts: Islam Contribution of Indian thinkers to Educational Thoughts: Mahatma Gandhi and Vivekananda. Contribution of Indian thinkers to Educational Thoughts ? Aurobindo and Radhakrishnan Sociology and Education: Concept of Educational Sociology and Sociology of Education. Socio-economic factors and their impact on education. Socialisation Process, Implications in Education

6

Social Change: Meaning, Nature and Causes. Constraints of social change (caste,

ethnicity, class, language, religion, regionalism). Education as an agent of Social and

Economic change, and HRD.

7

Education for social stratification and social mobility. Democracy and Education

8

Social theories: Marxism and Integral Humanism. Theories of functionalist: Emile

Durkheim and Talcott Parsons

9

Women Education and Gender Equity. Globalization: Concept and its Relevance in

Contemporary Situation. Human Rights and Education with Special reference to

Rights of Children. Consumer Rights and Right to Education

10

Education for Peace. Values: concept, need, sources. National Integration and

International understanding: Meaning, need, role of teacher and Educational

Institutions in developing national integrity

CONTENT

Unit 1: Relation between Education and Philosophy and Philosophy of Education

1

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Unit 2: Significance of Studying Philosophy in Education

23

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Unit 3: Functions of Education

43

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Unit 4: Idealism and Education

55

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Unit 5: Naturalism and Education

69

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 6: Pragmatism and Education

83

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 7: Humanism and Education

94

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 8: Sankhya Philosophy and Education

104

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 9: Vedanta Philosophy and Education

116

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Unit 10: Buddhism and Education

129

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Unit 11: Jainism and Education

143

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 12: Philosophy and Traditions of Islamic Religion and Education

156

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 13: Philosophical and Educational Thought of Mahatma Gandhi

169

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 14: Philosophical and Educational Thought of Swami Vivekananda

186

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 15: Philosophical and Educational Thought of Shri Aurobinda and Radhakrishnan

201

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Unit 16: Sociological Basis of Education

222

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 17: Socio-Economic Factors and Their Impact on Education

243

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 18: Socialization of the Child

252

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 19: Social Change and Education

260

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Unit 20: Social Change in India and its Factors

271

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Unit 21: Education as Mode of Social and Economic Change and HRD

277

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Unit 22: Education : Social Stratification and Social Mobility

293

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 23: Democracy and Education

300

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 24: Marxism and Integral Humanism

311

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Unit 25: Theories of Durkheim and Parsons

323

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Unit 26: Women Education

331

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 27: Globalization : Concept and its Relevance in Contemporary Situation

342

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 28: Human Rights and Education

353

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Unit 29: Consumer Rights and Right to Education

365

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 30: Peace Education

373

Dinesh Kumar, Lovely Professional University

Unit 31: Meaning and Needs of Value Education

379

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Unit 32: Education for Nation Integration

403

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University

Kulwinder Pal, Lovely Professional University Unit 1: Relation between Education and Philosophy and Philosophy of Education

Notes

Unit 1: Relation between Education and Philosophy and Philosophy of Education

CONTENTS Objectives Introduction 1.1 Meaning and Definition of Education 1.2 Wider and Narrower Meaning of Education 1.3 Nature and Characteristics of Education 1.4 Meaning and Definition of Philosophy 1.5 Difference between Indian and Western Philosophies 1.6 Nature and Characteristics of Philosophy 1.7 Scope and Subject Matter of Philosophy 1.8 Relation between Philosophy and Education 1.9 Meaning and Definition of Philosophy of Education 1.10 Nature and Characteristics of Philosophy of Education 1.11 Scope and Subject Matter of Philosophy of Education 1.12 Functions of Philosophy of Education 1.13 Need, Utility and Importance of Philosophy of Education 1.14 Summary 1.15 Keywords 1.16 Review Questions 1.17 Further Readings

Objectives

After going through this unit, the students will be able to-- ? Know the meaning of Education ? Know the meaning of Philosophy ? Understand the difference between Indian and western Philosophy ? Understand the nature and meaning of Philosophy of Education

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Philosophical and Sociological Foundations of Education

Notes

Introduction

Word education is made by adding suffix "a" in the Sanskrit stem Shiksh. Meaning of Shiksh is to learn and teach. Hence, meaning of Shiksha is process of learning and teaching. If we consider English word of education for Shiksha, then it also means the same. Education word is made of Latin word Educatum, which is made of same language words a (E) and Duco. A means internal and Duco means to progress, hence education means to improve internal ability of children externally.

1.1 Meaning and Definition of Education

Education is the basic tool of human development. Development of innate abilities, increment in knowledge & arts and behavioral changes are brought about in humans by education only and he is made a civilized, cultured and able citizen. This work starts at the birth of a child only. Soon after birth, parents start teaching him hearing and speaking. When child grows little, then he is taught to sit, move, eat and social behavioral norms. At the age of 3?4 years, child starts to read and at this very age, he is sent to school. In school, his education goes on in organized way. Apart from school, he also learns at home and in community and the process of learning and teaching keeps going even after school and for the whole life. If we watch in detail, then in any society this process keeps functioning always. In its real sense, the permanent process of learning and teaching in any society is called education.

If we look at it from application point of view, then it has two applications- one is in the form of process and second is the result of that process. When we say that his education is going on fine, then education means process here. When we say that he has received higher education, then it is the result. But modern academicians accept education as a process only. They are of the view that in any process, result is inherent. At present, result of education process is expressed in the form of knowledge, ability and behavioral change.

Basic role in the education process to explain the format of the philosophers, sociologist, politician, philosophers, economists, psychologists and scientists have played and everyone saw their approaches to education-at the end and defined. Here we present a brief description of all of these approaches piece by understanding the nature of education based on facts and will attempt to define it.

Philosophical Concept of Education

Centre of thought of philosophers is human. They try to know the actual nature of humans and find final objective of human life. To define the path of last destination of human life also is the interest area of philosophers and they consider education to be essential for the knowledge and development for all this. Thus, education is the tool of attaining final objective of human life. Since, there are different views amongst philosophers about final objective of human life, there are differences in the definition of education too.

Spiritual philosophers give more importance to super natural life to physical life. Vedanta followers want to get rid of this physical life forever. They call it salvation. As per Jagatguru Shankaracharya--

Education is That Which Gets Salvation.

(Sah: Vidya Ya Vimuktye- Shankaracharya)

Education is the basic tool of human development. It means-learning and teaching.

Indian intellectual Swami Vivekananda considered human as complete from birth and emphasized on letting him realize this totality with help of education. In his words--

Education is manifestation of perfection inherent in human.

--Swami Vivekananda

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