Chapter 6 Perception - Germantown School District

Chapter 6 Perception

Review 6.1: Three-Dimensional Perception Bethany is a member of Gamma University's bowling team, and she's been selected to play against nearby Alpha University. Besides physical dexterity, she depends on (1) depth perception to estimate the distance and angle of the ball from the pins she is trying to knock down. Visual cues are the source of this perception. Using both eyes, the (2) binocular cues help Bethany bowl a great game. The brain compares the difference, or (3) retinal disparity, of the images from her right and left eyes, telling her that the I pin is closer than the 5 pin behind it. The inward turning of the eye, required for focusing, which is called (4) convergence, also tells her that the I pin is closer. Each eye also provides (5) monocular cues that contribute to her accurate bowling. For example, she knows that the 8 pin is farther away from her than the 5 pin because of the difference in the (6) relative size of the images that the bowling pins cast on her retina and the fact that the 5 pin appears (7) lighter than the 8 pin, while the 8 pin is (8) higher in her field of vision, Also the 5 pin partially blocks her view of the 8 pin, a cue called (9) interposition.

Review 6.2: Perceptual Interpretation Kurt is now a college junior with perfect vision. However, he was born with an opaque lens, or (1) cataracts, in each eye, which were surgically corrected when he was an infant. If Kurt's vision had not been restored until he was an adult, philosopher Immanuel (2) Kant would have predicted that Kurt would have difficulty visually identifying objects learned from touch, while philosopher John (3) Locke, who believed that knowledge comes from (4) learned ways of organizing sensory information, would have disagreed. Today, Kurt is a criminal science major because his goal is to work in law enforcement. His friends tease him that he has a mental predisposition, or (5) mental set to "see" crime and violence everywhere he looks. A psychologist might say that his education and interests have shaped his perceptual concepts, or (6) schemas. For example, when shown this reversible (7) figure-ground drawing at left, which can be seen as either people hurrying or arrowheads, Kurt readily perceives "violent men charging" as the (8) figure and the white arrowheads as the (9) ground.

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