Psychology: Essay Planner (AJW)



-76200-1015999Evaluate one contemporary study from the Learning Theories topic (8)00Evaluate one contemporary study from the Learning Theories topic (8)AO1: What was the aim and what did they find/conclude?Aim:to validate the use of systematic desensitisation for aerophobia ( fear of flyingtwo matched groups were compared before and after treatment with the aim of showing that phobias do not diminish significantly over time without interventionFindings: 90% of people underwent significant reduction of symptomsonly one person in the no treatment group showed reduction of symptoms similar to those in the control groupReduction of fear during the flight was halved from 26 to 13 points on the questionnairefear during the preliminaries also reduced by more than half from 21.5 to 10 pointshighly significant findings at the p<0.001 levelOnly measure that did not change significantly was palm temperature.AO1 Procedural points (method, design, sample, etc.) that can be embedded into AO3 chains of reason (think! thorough and accurate)Create a chain focusing on….(think well developed and coherent, slow down and proof read!)Inject a “competing argument” (follow it through, grasp the significance!)1Use of a control group of 21 people matched for sex, age and anxiety levels re fear of flying.Strengths of the methodology, think GRAVE (create a well-developed chain SEE)Able to compare whether phobias diminish with passing of time as opposed to it being just the SD that was effective.Linked weaknesses: The control group should have had a sham therapy, where they were seeing a therapist weekly but had no fear hierarchy or RI, findings could be could be a placebo effect (support from Lick et al)2Cross sectional design comparing two groups of people (snapshot in time), followed them up once after treatment 7 days later after they took one flight.Conflicting arguments or problems with the methodology that reduce GRAVE for example No follow up so unsure whether effects of SD would be long term, should have done a longitudinal study.Linked counter-arguments:Ost (1997) 28 Pps flying phobia, 5-sessions of exposure therapy; 79% took an unaccompanied return fight following treatment and were Still okay a 1-yr on when 64% took the flight. 3Standardised procedure when taking physiological measures. Participants viewed same video about flying, in the same small room at the university, sitting 1.8 metres form the TV screen. Clinical interviews used as part of the procedure.Real life application: has the study been useful , to whom and how!Means it can be replicated and tested for reliability. Interview data can be transcribed and inter-rater reliability established.Linked counter-arguments; maybe the application doesn’t work for everyone?Not all aspects standardised; treatment itself varied from patient to patient - create their own fear hierarchy and had differing numbers of sessions between 12 and 15.Balanced conclusion:Think, how is the time going? Do you really have time to make any more chains of reason? If not, get on with that lovely balanced conclusionWeak points: Lack of follow up, possible placebo effect of SD as no sham treatment.Strong points: control group and range of outcomes measures (subjective and objective)1386205728091000-6337307284085004614545752221000 ................
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