Sport Psychology - Fordham University



Sport PsychologyProf. F.J. WertzPSYC 3360-L11Summer Session, 2017SyllabusCourse DescriptionThis course provides students with knowledge of the theories, research and practices of sports psychology. The course addresses interests of students pursuing psychology in clinical, educational, sport, and other applied settings as well as students interested in pursuing such sport activities as athletics, physical education, training, coaching, sport media, physical therapy, parenting, and/or those of the observer-commentator-fan. Basic concepts and research in biopsychology, personality, cognition, emotion, and social psychology are applied to sport. Subject populations studied include youth, female and male, recreational, health/fitness-oriented, elite, and disabled athletes. The focus will include an exploration of counseling for problems of athletes, educational and training programs for enhancement of performance, and research/scholarship on the psychological issues related to sport. This course develops a dialogue between science and lay experience/expertise. The writings and thought of athletes, coaches, trainers, physicians, and observers are compared and contrasted with those of psychological theoreticians, researchers and practitioners. The aim of this dialogue is to demonstrate how scientific and lay experts can learn from and enhance each other’s perspective and effectiveness. This course considers the interrelation between sports and human life. Our general knowledge of human life contributes to our knowledge and practices in sport psychology, and also sport offers insights that are valuable in other areas of human life and for general psychology. The good sport psychologist understands that sports are vehicles for human potential and enrichment. Special attention is devoted to the connections between sport and spiritual experience, ethics, character development, parenting, business and personhood.Required Texts (E=Electronic; B=Bookstore)Gardner, F.L. & Moore, Z.E. (2004). A mindfulness-commitment-based approach to athletic performance enhancement: Theoretical considerations. Behavior Therapy, 35, 707-723. ELoehr, J & Schwartz, T. (2001). The making of a corporate athlete. Harvard Business Review, January, 120-. EMurphy, M. & White, R.A. (1995). In the zone: Transcendent experience in sports. New York: Penguin. ESmith, D., Kilgo, J., & Jenkins, S. (2002). A coach’s life. Random House Trade Paperbacks. E, BStein, M.B. & Hollwitz, J. (1994). Psyche and sports: Baseball, hockey, martial arts, running, swimming, tennis, and others. Chiron Publishers. EWeinberg, R.S. & Gould, D. (2007, 2011, 2015). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (4th, 5th, 6th Edition). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. BWolff, R. (1996). Good sports: The concerned parent’s guide to competitive youth sports. Sports Publishing, Inc. E, BRecommended ReadingsOstrow, A.C. (Ed.) (1997). Directory of psychological tests in the sport and exercise sciences. Morgantown, WV: Fitness Information Technology, Inc.. Roberts, G.C., Spink, K. Pemberton, C. (1999). Learning experiences in sport psychology. Human Kinetics Publishing.Rotella, B., Boyce, B.A. & Allyson, B. (1998). Case studies in sports psychology. Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Sachs, M.L., Burke, K.L., & Schrader, D.C. (Eds.) (2000). Directory of graduate programs in applied sports psychology. Fitness Information Technology.VanRaalte, J.L. & Brewer, B.W. (Eds). (1996). Exploring sport and exercise psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.(For additional recommended readings on specific topics, see the “Extended Recommended Reading List”.)ExaminationsThere will be two examinations, a mid-term and final. Each will cover half of the course material.Term Paper/presentationEach student will write a term paper and make a class presentation based on it. The general focus is the interrelation between the psychological science and the common sense or expert practitioner’s experience of sports. Each student will choose a work from the popular press about sport, a sport experience, or an athlete/coach and compare/contrast it with the psychological research and theories that are relevant to its subject matter, including at least one scholarly article or research-based book by a professional sports psychologist (see extended reading list for examples). Students may feel free to use the textbook and assigned class readings, but at least two independent sources, one popular and one scientific are to be featured in the paper. Ideally, the student would develop criticism and enhancement of lay/expert experience/practice by science and vice versa. Possible popular texts that might be used in this project are listed directly below.Armstrong, L. (with Sally Jenkins) (2000). It’s not about the bike: My journey back to life. New York: Berkley.Betancourt, M. (2001). Playing like a girl. New York: McGraw Hill.Bradley, B. (1998). Values of the game. New York: Broadway Books.Herrigel, E. (1952). Zen and the art of archery. New York: Pantheon.Huang, C.A. & Lynch, J. (1994). Thinking body, dancing mind: Taosports for extraordinary performance in athletics, business, and life. Bantam Books.Jackson, P. and Delahanty, H. (1995). Sacred hoops: Spiritual lessons of a hardwood warrior. New York: Hyperion.King, B.J. (1992). Billie Jean. New York: Viking Press.McPhee, J. (1978). A sense of where you are. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.O’Brien, M. (1987). Vince: A personal biography of Vince Lombardi. New York: William Morrow and Co..Sheehan, G. (1978). Running and being. New York: Simon & Schuster.Sheehy, H. (2002). Raising a team player. North Adams, MA: Storey Books.Storm, A. (2000). Black widow: My first year as a professional wrestler. ECW Press.Zimmerman, J. & Reavill, G. (1999). Raising our athletic daughters: How sports can build self-esteem and save girls’ lives. New York: HarperCollins.Reading LogStudents will keep a reading log with an entry for each reading assignment (15 in all). The entry includes two parts. First, select the most interesting or most disagreeable contribution to sport psychology in the reading (e.g., a theory, method of study, research finding, or professional practice in either of the two texts). Explain the contribution as if you were helping someone who had not read the text to understand it, and then state what makes it interesting or disagreeable to you. You are encouraged to include a reflection, an example from observation or personal experience, a practical application, or a connection to other ideas/scholarship in this course or other courses. Second, identify what, in your view, is the most difficult item in the reading and state what you think makes it difficult to grasp. Each class session will begin with students sharing/reading their logs.GradesThe final grade will be calculated by averaging the two exams, the term paper, and classroom contribution (including the reading log, discussion participation, and presentation), each counting for one quarter of the final grade.Schedule of AssignmentsDateReadingsTests, Papers dueT 5/30W 5/31Weinberg & Gould, Ch. 2 (Personality); Wolff, Ch. 1 & 2 (Goal Setting, What Experts Say)R 6/1W & G, Ch. 3 (Motivation); Murphy & White, Ch. 1 (Spiritual Underground) & 2 (Mystical Sensations)M 6/5W & G, Ch. 4 (Arousal); Stein & Hollwitz, Hillman, 1-16 (Hooliganism) T 6/6W & G, Ch. 5 (Competition and Cooperation); Wolff, Ch. 3 & 4 (Reports from the Field, The Parent) W 6/7W & G, Ch. 6(Reinforcement and Intrinsic Motivation); Murphy & White, Ch. 3 (Altered Perceptions)R 6/8W & G, Ch. 7 (Group Dynamics); S & H, Schenk, 17-33 (Ball/Play) & Greene, 34-47 (Archetype of the Game)M 6/12W & G, Ch. 8 (Team Cohesion); Wolff; Ch. 5, 6, & 7 (The Coach, Pressure, Motivation)T 6/13W & G, Ch. 9 (Leadership); S & H, Ullyot, 136-148 (Atlanta’s Sisters) & Ullyot & Meyers, 149-161 (Archetypology and Elite Women Runners)W 6/14W & G, Ch. 10 (Communication); Murphy & White, Ch. 4 (Extraordinary Feats)R 6/15Midterm ExamM 6/19W & G, Ch. 11 (PST); Wolff, Ch. 8, 9, & 10 (Gifted Child, Mind/Body, Alternatives)T 6/20W & G, Ch. 12 (Arousal Regulation); Murphy & White, Ch. 5 (Sport and Mysticism)W 6/21W & G, Ch. 13 (Imagery); S & H, Heyman, 188-201 (High Risk Sports) & Odell, 235-242 (Hero Archetype)R 6/22W & G, Ch. 14 (Self confidence); Gardner & Moore (A Mindfulness-Commitment-Based Approach to Athletic Performance Enhancement)M 6/26W & G, Ch. 15 (Goal Setting); Smith et al., 119-151 (The Carolina Way)T 6/27W & G, Ch. 16 (Concentration); Loehr & Schwartz (The “Corporate Athlete”)W 6/28Presentations Term Paper DueR 6/29Final ExamProfessor AvailabilityOffice: LL 819A, DE 215, by appointment (718.817.0540; wertz@fordham.edu).Sport PsychologyProf. F.J. WertzExtended Recommended Reading List:Professional Literature on Specific TopicsAskin, M.J. (1991). The challenge of the physically challenged: Delivering sport psychology services to physically disabled athletes. The Sport Psychologist, 5, 370-381.Baumeister, R.F. & Steinhilber, C. (1984). Paradoxical effects of supportive audiences on performance under pressure: The home field advantage in sports championships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 47, 85-93.Bredemeier, B.J. (1994). Children’s moral reasoning and their assertive, aggressive, and submissive tendencies in sport and daily life. Journal of Exercise and Sport Psychology, 16, 1-14.Courneya, K.S. & Carron, A.V. (1992). The home advantage in sport competitions: A literature review. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 14, 13-27.Fox, K.R., Goudas, M., Biddle, S. Duda, J., & Armstrong, N. (1994). Children’s task and ego profiles in sport. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 64, 253-261. Gould, D., Hodge, K, Peterson, K. & Giannini, J. (1989). An exploratory examination of strategies used by elite coaches to enhance self-efficacy in athletes. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 11, 128-140.Greenspan, M.J. & Feltz, D.L. (1989). Psychological interventions for athletes in competitive situations: A review. The Sport Psychologist, 3, 219-236.Jackson, S.A. (1996). Toward a conceptual understanding of flow experiences in elite athletes. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 67, 76-90.LaFontaine, T.P., DiLorenzo, T.M., Frensch, P.A. (1992). Aerobic exercise and mood: A brief review, 1985-1990. Sports Medicine, 13, 160-170.Martens, R., Vealey, R.S. & Burton, D. (1990). Competitive anxiety in sport. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.Miller, S. & Hill, S.M. (1999). Sports psychology for cyclists. Velo Press.Morgan, W.P., O’Connor, P.J., Ellickson, K.A., & Bradley, P.W. (1988). Personality structure, mood states, and performance in elite male distance runners. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 19, 247-263. Murphy, S.M. (1994). Imagery interventions in sport. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 26, 486-404.Neiss, R. (1988). Reconceptualizing relaxation treatments: Psychobiological states in sports. Clinical Psychology Review, 8, 139-159. Newcombe, P.A. & Boyle, G.J. (1995). High school students’ sport personalities: Variations across participation level, gender, type of sport, and success. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 26, 277-294.Petruzzello, S.J., Landers, D.M. & Salazar, W. (1991). Biofeedback and sport/exercise performance: Applications and limitations. Behavior Therapy, 22, 379-392.Reifman, A.A., Larrick, R.P., & Fein, S. Temper and temperature on the diamond: The heat-temperature relationship in major league baseball. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 17, 580-585.Schmidt, G.W. & Stein, G.L. (1991). Sport commitment: A model integrating enjoyment, dropout and burnout. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 13, 254-265.Schunk, D.H. (1995). Self-efficacy, motivation, and performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 7, 112-137.Silva, J.M. (1989). Toward the professionalization of sport psychology. The sport psychologist. 3, 265-273.Singer, R.N. (1989). Applied sport psychology in the United States. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 1, 61-80.Smoll, F.L. & Smith, R.E. (1989). Leadership behaviors in sport: A theoretical model and research paradigm. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 19, 1522-1551.Taylor, J. Horevitz, R. & Balague, G. (1993). The use of hypnosis in applied sport psychology. The Sport Psychologist. 7, 58-78.Wankel, L.M. & Kreisel, S.J.P. (1985). Factors underlying enjoyment of youth sports: Sport and age group comparisons. Journal of Sport Psychology, 7, 51-64.Weinberg, R.S. & Richardson, P.A. (1995). Psychology of officiating. Human Kinetics Publishers.Wiggins, D.K. (1984). The history of sport psychology in North America. In J.M. Silva & R.S. Weinberg (Eds.), Psychological foundations of sport (pp. 9-22). Champain, IL: Human Kinetics. ................
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