Tkinter GUI Programming by

Tkinter GUI Programming by Example

Learn to create modern GUIs using Tkinter by building real-world projects in Python

David Love

BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI

Tkinter GUI Programming by Example

Copyright ? 2018 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

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Commissioning Editor: Aaron Lazar Acquisition Editor: Denim Pinto Content Development Editor: Anugraha Arunagiri Technical Editor: Subhalaxmi Nadar Copy Editor: Safis Editing Project Coordinator: Ulhas Kambali Proofreader: Safis Editing Indexer: Aishwarya Gangawane Graphics: Tania Dutta Production Coordinator: Arvindkumar Gupta

First published: April 2018

Production reference: 1240418

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd. Livery Place 35 Livery Street Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.

ISBN 978-1-78862-748-1



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Contributors

About the author

David Love is a web developer from Kent, England. He has worked on a multitude of different systems over his career. Programming languages in his arsenal include Python, PHP, and JavaScript. He is well-trained in Linux server management and its relevant technologies, including MySQL, PostgreSQL, NGINX, and supervisor. David has written an e-book called Tkinter By Example, which is available for free under a Creative Commons licenses and maintains an ever-growing blog post named The Tkinter Cookbook, full of small examples on how to perform some specific tasks.

About the reviewer

Erik S. Rapert is a programmer and a twin who loves Linux and video games. He lives in Dallas with his wife, who is also a software engineer. Erik has a wide range of experience, which includes creating blinking LEDs using Arduino, building small desktop apps using Python and Tkinter, web development with PHP or Ruby, and developing cutting-edge virtual reality using C++. He has used a very broad range of programming languages, but Python is one of his favorites.

Thank you William C. Slater for teaching me how to write software. Thank you Andrew Closson for being a teacher. Thank you Ashley N. Tharp for being you.

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Table of Contents

Preface

1

Chapter 1: Meet Tkinter

6

Installation

7

How will the code be structured?

7

Geometry managers

8

pack

8

grid

9

place

10

To pack or to grid?

11

Getting going

12

Adding interactivity

14

Using variables

16

Our first try

16

Creating Tkinter-compatible variables

17

Using and updating

18

Fixing our application

18

Showing messages

19

Showing information with showinfo

19

Showing warnings or errors

20

Getting feedback from the user

21

Getting text input

22

Summary

24

Chapter 2: Back to the Command Line ? Basic Blackjack

25

Python's class system

26

Instances

26

Inheritance

28

Blackjack's classes

30

The Card class

30

The Deck class

31

The Hand class

32

The Game class and main loop

33

Command line versus GUI

38

Interactivity

38

Familiarity

39

Ease of use

39

Size and portability

40

Summary

40

Table of Contents

Chapter 3: Jack is Back in Style ? the Blackjack GUI

41

Moving from the command line to a graphical interface

41

The Canvas widget

43

Creating a graphical blackjack game

46

Card, Deck, and Hand

48

The GameState class

49

The GameScreen class

53

Playing our game

62

Summary

64

Chapter 4: The Finishing Touches ? Sound and Animation

65

Python's module system

66

The blackjack packages

71

The casino package

71

The casino_sounds package

74

Setting up a virtual environment

75

Creating the package

76

The blackjack.py file

77

Initializing the GameWindow class

78

The GameScreen class

80

The GameState class

90

Choosing to hit

91

Choosing to stick

95

Running out of money

96

Finishing off

97

Summary

98

Chapter 5: Creating a Highly Customizable Python Editor

99

The ttk submodule

100

Styling a tk widget

101

Styling a ttk widget

103

Ttk style inheritance

105

Beginning our text editor

109

Tkinter's event system

112

Binding an event

112

Overwriting default events

115

Generating events

116

Events in our text editor

118

A second top-level window

123

Summary

125

Chapter 6: Color Me Impressed! ? Adding Syntax Highlighting

127

Tkinter's indexing system

127

Getting the cursor's position

128

Named indexes

130

[ ii ]

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