C++ Reserved Keywords

C++ Reserved Keywords

C++ reserves and gives predefined meanings to the following keywords. You may not redefine keywords or use them for other purposes. Keywords that appear in color are new since C++11.

alignas alignof and and_eq asm auto bitand bitor bool break case catch char char16_t char32_t class compl const const_cast constexpr continue

decitype default delete do double dynamic_cast else enum explicit export extern false float for friend goto if inline int long mutable

namespace new noexcept not not_eq nullptr operator or or_eq private protected public register reinterpret_cast return short signed sizeof static static_assert static_cast

struct switch template this thread_local throw true try typedef typeid typename union unsigned using virtual void volatile wchar_t while xor xor_eq

Operator

* / %

+ -

Meaning

multiply divide modulo

add subtract

Associativity

left left left

left left

Usage

expr * expr expr / expr expr % expr

expr + expr expr - expr

>

bitwise shift right

left

<

less than

left

greater than

left

>=

greater than or equal to

left

==

equal

left

!=

not equal

left

&

bitwise AND

left

^

bitwise EXCLUSIVE OR

left

|

bitwise OR

left

&&

logical AND

left

||

logical OR

left

? :

conditional

left

=

assign

left

*=

multiply and assign

left

/=

divide and assign

left

%=

modulo and assign

left

+=

add and assign

left

-=

subtract and assign

left

=

shift right and assign

left

&=

AND and assign

left

|=

OR and assign

left

^=

EXCLUSIVE OR and assign left

,

comma

left

Typically overloaded for I/O

expr > expr

expr < expr expr expr expr >= expr

expr == expr expr != expr

expr & expr

expr ^ expr

expr | expr

expr && expr

expr || expr

expr ? expr : expr

lvalue = expr lvalue *= expr lvalue /= expr lvalue %= expr lvalue += expr lvalue -= expr lvalue = expr lvalue &= expr lvalue |= expr lvalue ^= expr

expr, expr

Data Abstraction & Problem Solving with C++

WALLS AND MIRRORS SIXTH EDITION

Frank M. Carrano

University of Rhode Island

Timothy Henry

University of Rhode Island

Vice President and Editorial Director, ECS: Marcia J. Horton

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