Python list dictionary sort

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Python list dictionary sort

PythonServer Side ProgrammingProgramming In this article, you will learn how to sort the list of dictionaries using values in Python. We will use inbuilt method calls sorted to sort the dictionary.Steps To Sort DictionariesWe will follow the steps mentioned below to sort a dictionary using values.Pass the list containing dictionaries and keys to the sorted method.We can pass the keys in two different ways1.Using lambda function2.Using itemgetter methodLet's see the examples.1. Using a lambda functionExample Live Demo## list of dictionaries dicts = [ {"name" : "John", "salary" : 10000}, {"name" : "Emma", "salary" : 30000}, {"name" : "Harry", "salary" : 15000}, {"name" : "Aslan", "salary" : 10000} ] ## sorting the above list using 'lambda' function ## we can reverse the order by passing 'reverse' as 'True' to 'sorted' method print(sorted(dicts, key = lambda item: item['salary']))If you run the above program, we will get the following results.[{'name': 'John', 'salary': 10000}, {'name': 'Aslan', 'salary': 10000}, {'name': 'Harry', 'salary': 15000}, {'name': 'Emma', 'salary': 30000}]2. Using itemgetter MethodThe processing of sorting list of dictionaries using the itemgetter is similar to the above process. We pass the value to the key using itemgetter method, that's the only difference. Let's see.Example Live Demo## importing itemgetter from the operator from operator import itemgetter ## list of dictionaries dicts = [ {"name" : "John", "salary" : 10000}, {"name" : "Emma", "salary" : 30000}, {"name" : "Harry", "salary" : 15000}, {"name" : "Aslan", "salary" : 10000} ] ## sorting the above list using 'lambda' function ## we can reverse the order by passing 'reverse' as 'True' to 'sorted' method print(sorted(dicts, key = itemgetter('salary')))OutputIf you run the above program, we will get the following results.[{'name': 'John', 'salary': 10000}, {'name': 'Aslan', 'salary': 10000}, {'name': 'Harry', 'salary': 15000}, {'name': 'Emma', 'salary': 30000}] Published on 04-Jul-2019 15:38:58 There are different ways through which we can sort a Dictionary in Python. There are many ways, depending on whether you want to sort it by key or by value.Let's take a look at some of them in the article!Sort a Dictionary in Python by ValueIf we want to sort a Dictionary in Python by value, there are a few ways using which we can achieve this.Method 1: Using sorted() using a lambda (Recommended for Python 3.6+)On newer versions on Python (Python 3.6 and above), we can use a lambda on the sorted() method to sort a dictionary in Python.We will sort the dict.items(), using the key as a lambda. my_dict = {1: 2, 2: 10, "Hello": 1234} print({key: value for key, value in sorted(my_dict.items(), key=lambda item: item[1])}) Output {1: 2, 2: 10, 'Hello': 1234} Indeed, we can see that our new dictionary has been sorted based on the value!The reason why this method works on Python 3.6+ is that Dictionaries in the new versions of Python are now an ordered datatype.This means that we can enumerate a dictionary as a list of items, and also perform operations that can change the order, such as sorting it.But fear not. If you have an older version of Python, keep reading. We'll show you another way to deal with this!Method 2: Using sorted() on older versions of PythonWe can still use sorted() to sort the dictionary. But we something to make the Dictionary into an ordered type. The operator module has that, using operator.itemgetter(idx).The below snippet will sort our dictionary by value: import operator my_dict = {1: 2, 2: 10, "Hello": 1234} sorted_dict = sorted(my_dict.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(1)) print(sorted_dict) More specifically, we form a sorted list using sorted(dict.items()), and pass operator.itemgetter(1) to it (Since the value is at index 1).This will construct a callable that will grab that first element from the items list. We do this at every iteration, thereby getting a sorted dictionary!Sort a Dictionary in Python by KeyMethod 1: Use operator.itemgetter() (Recommended method for older versions of Python)Now, if you want to sort a Dictionary by Key, we can use the operator method, like in the last section. The only change that we have to make is to sort the list based on keys now, so we call operator.itemgetter(0). import operator my_dict = {2: 10, 1: 2, -3: 1234} # Sort the Dict based on keys sorted_dict = dict(sorted(my_dict.items(), key=operator.itemgetter(0))) print(sorted_dict) OutputIndeed, the dictionary has been sorted based on the Key now!Method 2: Use sorted() with a lambda (Recommended method for Python 3.6+)We can again use the sorted() method, with a lambda, on newer versions of Python.Again, this is the same as before, but we'll be now sorting based on value. my_dict = {2: 10, 1: 2, -3: 1234} sorted_dict = dict(sorted(my_dict.items(), key=lambda item: item[0])) OutputAgain, the output is the same as before.ConclusionIn this article, we learned how we could sort a Dictionary in Python; both by key and by value, using different approaches.ReferencesStackOverflow Question on Sorting a Dictionary by value In this article, you'll learn the ins and outs of the sorting function in Python. In particular, you're going to learn how to sort a list of dictionaries in all possible variations. [1] So let's get started!How to Sort a List of Dictionaries ...... By Value?Problem: Given a list of dictionaries. Each dictionary consists of multiple (key, value) pairs. You want to sort them by value of a particular dictionary key (attribute). How do you sort this dictionary?Minimal Example: Consider the following example where you want to sort a list of salary dictionaries by value of the key 'Alice'.salaries = [{'Alice': 100000, 'Bob': 24000}, {'Alice': 121000, 'Bob': 48000}, {'Alice': 12000, 'Bob': 66000}] sorted_salaries = # ... Sorting Magic Here ... print(sorted_salaries)The output should look like this where the salary of Alice determines the order of the dictionaries:[{'Alice': 12000, 'Bob': 66000}, {'Alice': 100000, 'Bob': 24000}, {'Alice': 121000, 'Bob': 48000}]Solution: You have two main ways to do this--both are based on defining the key function of Python's sorting methods. The key function maps each list element (in our case a dictionary) to a single value that can be used as the basis of comparison.Use a lambda function as key function to sort the list of dictionaries.Use the itemgetter function as key function to sort the list of dictionaries.Here's the code of the first option using a lambda function that returns the value of the key 'Alice' from each dictionary:# Create the dictionary of Bob's and Alice's salary data salaries = [{'Alice': 100000, 'Bob': 24000}, {'Alice': 121000, 'Bob': 48000}, {'Alice': 12000, 'Bob': 66000}] # Use the sorted() function with key argument to create a new dic. # Each dictionary list element is "reduced" to the value stored for key 'Alice' sorted_salaries = sorted(salaries, key=lambda d: d['Alice']) # Print everything to the shell print(sorted_salaries)The output is the sorted dictionary. Note that the first dictionary has the smallest salary of Alice and the third dictionary has the largest salary of Alice.[{'Alice': 12000, 'Bob': 66000}, {'Alice': 100000, 'Bob': 24000}, {'Alice': 121000, 'Bob': 48000}]Try It Yourself: You'll learn about the second way below (where you use the itemgetter function from the operator module).Related articles on the Finxter blog:Sorting Lists in PythonLambda FunctionsDictionaries... Using Itemgetter?Same Problem: Given a list of dictionaries. Each dictionary consists of multiple (key, value) pairs. How to sort them by value of a particular dictionary key (attribute)?Minimal Example: Consider again the following example where you want to sort a list of salary dictionaries by value of the key 'Alice'.salaries = [{'Alice': 100000, 'Bob': 24000}, {'Alice': 121000, 'Bob': 48000}, {'Alice': 12000, 'Bob': 66000}] sorted_salaries = # ... Sorting Magic Here ... print(sorted_salaries)The output should look like this where the salary of Alice determines the order of the dictionaries:[{'Alice': 12000, 'Bob': 66000}, {'Alice': 100000, 'Bob': 24000}, {'Alice': 121000, 'Bob': 48000}]Solution: Again, you're going to define a key function. But instead of creating it yourself with the lambda keyword, you're going to use an existing one. In particular, you'll use the itemgetter function from the operator module to sort the list of dictionaries.Here's the code of the first option using a lambda function that returns the value of the key 'Alice' from each dictionary:# Import the itemgetter function from the operator module from operator import itemgetter # Create the dictionary of Bob's and Alice's salary data salaries = [{'Alice': 100000, 'Bob': 24000}, {'Alice': 121000, 'Bob': 48000}, {'Alice': 12000, 'Bob': 66000}] # Use the sorted() function with key argument to create a new dic. # Each dictionary list element is "reduced" to the value stored for key 'Alice' sorted_salaries = sorted(salaries, key=itemgetter('Alice')) # Print everything to the shell print(sorted_salaries) The output is the sorted dictionary. Note that the first dictionary has the smallest salary of Alice and the third dictionary has the largest salary of Alice.[{'Alice': 12000, 'Bob': 66000}, {'Alice': 100000, 'Bob': 24000}, {'Alice': 121000, 'Bob': 48000}]Now, you know how to sort a list of dictionaries by value. But what if you want to sort by key?... By Key?Problem: Given a list of dictionaries. Each dictionary consists of multiple (key, value) pairs. How to sort them by a particular key (attribute)?Solution: It doesn't make sense. If you assume that all dictionaries have that same particular key, you cannot really sort because all dictionaries have the same key. If there's no tie-breaker, it's impossible to do. But even if there's a tie-breaker (e.g. the value associated to the key), it doesn't make sense because you could have sorted by value in the first place.... By Multiple Keys?Problem: Given a list of dictionaries. How do you sort by multiple key value pairs?Minimal Example: Consider the following example where you want to sort a list of database entries (e.g. each stored as a dictionary) by value of the key 'username'. If the 'username' is the same, you use the 'joined' value as a tiebreaker. If the 'joined' date is the same, you use the 'age' as a tie breaker.db = [{'username': 'Alice', 'joined': 2020, 'age': 23}, {'username': 'Bob', 'joined': 2018, 'age': 19}, {'username': 'Alice', 'joined': 2020, 'age': 31}] sorted_salaries = # ... Sorting Magic Here ... print(sorted_salaries)The output should look like this where the salary of Alice determines the order of the dictionaries:[{'username': 'Alice', 'joined': 2020, 'age': 23}, {'username': 'Alice', 'joined': 2020, 'age': 31}, {'username': 'Bob', 'joined': 2018, 'age': 19}]Solution: You're going to define a key function with the lambda keyword. But instead of returning a single value to a given key, you return a tuple--one entry per value that should be considered. For example, the database entry {'username': 'Alice', 'joined': 2020, 'age': 23} is mapped to ('Alice', 2020, 23). This ensures that two tuples that have the same first tuple value will still be sorted correctly by using the second tuple value as a tiebreaker.Here's the code:# Create the dictionary of user entries in your database db = [{'username': 'Alice', 'joined': 2020, 'age': 23}, {'username': 'Bob', 'joined': 2018, 'age': 19}, {'username': 'Alice', 'joined': 2020, 'age': 31}] # Use the sorted() function with key argument to create a new list. # Each dictionary list element is "reduced" to the tuple of values. db_sorted = sorted(db, key=lambda row: (row['username'], row['joined'], row['age'])) # Print everything to the shell print(db_sorted) The output is the sorted dictionary. Note that the first dictionary has the smallest salary of Alice and the third dictionary has the largest salary of Alice.[{'username': 'Alice', 'joined': 2020, 'age': 23}, {'username': 'Alice', 'joined': 2020, 'age': 31}, {'username': 'Bob', 'joined': 2018, 'age': 19}]In this example, the dictionary value for the key `joined' was an integer number. But what if it's a date?... By Date?Problem: Given a list of dictionaries. How do you sort the list of dictionaries by date?Minimal Example: Consider the following example where you want to sort a list of database entries (e.g. each stored as a dictionary) by value of the key 'joined' that is from type date or timedate.db = [{'username': 'Alice', 'joined': '2019-03-02', 'age': 23}, {'username': 'Bob', 'joined': '2020-08-08', 'age': 19}, {'username': 'Alice', 'joined': '2019-03-04', 'age': 31}] db_sorted = # ... sorting magic here ... print(db_sorted) The output should look like this where the salary of Alice determines the order of the dictionaries:[{'username': 'Alice', 'joined': '2019-03-02', 'age': 23}, {'username': 'Alice', 'joined': '2019-03-04', 'age': 31}, {'username': 'Bob', 'joined': '2020-08-08', 'age': 19}]Solution: Define a key function with the lambda keyword. Simply return the string value for the key 'joined' for a given dictionary. This return value is then used to sort the dictionaries in the list.As the join dates are given as strings in the form year-month-day (e.g. '2020-08-08'), the default alphabetical sort will also lead to a sorted overall list of dictionaries: the dictionary row with the earliest join date will be the first in the resulting list.Here's the code:# Create the dictionary of user entries in your database db = [{'username': 'Alice', 'joined': '2019-03-02', 'age': 23}, {'username': 'Bob', 'joined': '2020-08-08', 'age': 19}, {'username': 'Alice', 'joined': '2019-03-04', 'age': 31}] # Use the sorted() function with key argument to create a new list. # Each dictionary list element is "reduced" to the join date. db_sorted = sorted(db, key=lambda row: row['joined']) # Print everything to the shell print(db_sorted) The output is the sorted dictionary. Note that the first dictionary has the earliest and the third dictionary has the latest join date.[{'username': 'Alice', 'joined': '2019-03-02', 'age': 23}, {'username': 'Alice', 'joined': '2019-03-04', 'age': 31}, {'username': 'Bob', 'joined': '2020-08-08', 'age': 19}]You can use a similar method if the dictionary values are of format datetime as they are also comparable with default comparison operators >, =,

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