Arrays Definition: Example of an array named a of 5 elements a[0] -45 ...
[Pages:20]Arrays
Definition: An array is a collection of variables of the same type that are referenced by a common name. -In C++, all arrays consist of contiguous memory locations. -To refer to an element or particular location in the array, we specify the name of the array and the position number ?or index or subscript- of that element. Arrays are somewhat like a filing cabinet; they use an indexing system to find the elements in the cabinet.
Example of an array named a of 5 elements
Element
Value
Address in memory
a[0]
-45
1000
a[1]
6
1001
a[2]
0
1002
a[3]
72
1003
a[4]
43
1004
- What is the value of the a[4] ?
- What is the value of a[1] ?
- What is the index and value of the last element of the array a?
- What is the subscript and value of the first element of the array a?
- How would we get the value of adding the first element and the last one?
a[0]+a[4]
- What are the lowest index (lower boundary) and the highest index (higher
boundary) of an array of 10 elements?
Any element in an array can be accessed by using:
- the name of the array ,
- followed by [,
- then its position in the array,
- followed by ].
In C++, all indexes start at zero. The first element of the array a is referred to as a[0], the second element as a[1], the third as a[?]..
The position of an element is called its index - What is the value of the a[4] ?
CS241
Dr Ghemri
1
- What is the value of a[1] ? - What is the index and value of the last element of the array a? - What is the subscript and value of the first element of the array a? - How would we get the value of adding the first element and the last one?
a[0]+a[4] - What are the lowest index (lower boundary) and the highest index (higher
boundary) of an array of 10 elements?
Array Declaration:
Like any other variable in C++, arrays must be declared. The general format for declaring an array is:
datatype array_name[size];
Where data_type is one of C++ data types: int, char, float, double, bool array_name is a C identifier size defines how many elements the array will hold. For example to declare a 100-element array called balance of type double, we use this statement: double balance[100];
What are we declaring in the following? char p[10];
int sample [12];
We can declare more than one array in a single type declaration int id[4], index[6];
Assigning Values to Array elements:
To assign a value to an element of an array, we use: p[i] = expression;
Where p is the name of the array, and i is the index or position of the element in which we want to assign the value; expression can be any valid C++ expression.
To assign the value of an array element into a variable, we use: var = p[i];
CS241
Dr Ghemri
2
Example of use of an array:
/* Introducing array's */ #include using namespace std;
int main(void) { int numbers[100]; numbers[3] = 10; --numbers[3]; cout ................
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