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Python dict get all keys except one

Dictionary (also known as 'map', 'hash' or 'associative array') is a built-in Python container that stores elements as a key-value pair. Just like other containers have numeric indexing, here we use keys as indexes. Keys can be numeric or string values. However, no mutable sequence or object can be used

as a key, like a list. In this article, we'll take a look at how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python. In the examples, we'll be using this fruits_dict dictionary: fruits_dict = dict(apple= 1, mango= 3, banana= 4) {'apple': 1, 'banana': 4, 'mango': 3} Check if Key Exists using in Operator The simplest way

to check if a key exists in a dictionary is to use the in operator. It's a special operator used to evaluate the membership of a value. Here it will either evaluate to True if the key exists or to False if it doesn't: key = 'orange' if key in fruits_dict: print('Key Found') else: print('Key not found') Now, since we don't

have an orange in our dictionary, this is the result: Key not found This is the intended and preferred approach by most developers. Under the hood, it uses the __contains__() function to check if a given key is in a dictionary or not. Check if Key Exists using get() The get() function accepts a key, and an

optional value to be returned if the key isn't found. By default, this optional value is None. We can try getting a key, and if the returned value is None, that means it's not present in the dictionary: key = 'orange' if fruits_dict.get(key) == None: print('Key not found') else: print('Key found') This results in: Key

not found Check if Key Exists using keys() The keys() function returns the keys from our dictionary as a sequence: fruits_dict.keys() This sequence contains: dict_keys(['apple', 'mango', 'banana']) Using this sequence, we can check if the key is present. You can do this through a loop, or better yet, use the

in operator: key = 'orange' if key in fruits_dict.keys(): print('Key found') else: print('Key not found') This also results in: Key not found Check if Key Exists using has_key() Instead of manually getting the keys and running a check if the value we're searching for is present, we can use the short-hand

has_key() function: key = 'orange' if fruits_dict.has_key(key): print('Key found') else: print('Key not found') It returns True or False, based on the presence of the key. This code outputs: Key not found Handling 'KeyError' Exception An interesting way to avoid problems with a non-existing key or in other

words to check if a key exists in our dictionary or not is to use the try and except clause to handle the KeyError exception. The following exception is raised whenever our program fails to locate the respective key in the dictionary. It is a simple, elegant, and fast way to handle key searching: try:

fruits_dict[key] except KeyError as err: print('Key not found') This approach, although it may sound unintuitive, is actually significantly faster than some other approaches we've covered so far. Note: Please note, exceptions shouldn't be used to alter code flow or to implement logic. They fire really fast, but

recovering from them is really slow. This approach shouldn't be favored over other approaches, when possible. Let's compare the performance of them to get a better idea of how fast they can execute. Performance Comparison import timeit code_setup = """ key = 'orange' fruits_dict = dict(apple= 1,

mango= 3, banana= 4) """ code_1 = """ if key in fruits_dict: # print('Key Found') pass else: # print('Key not found') pass """ code_2 = """ if fruits_dict.get(key): # print('Key found') pass else: # print('Key not found') pass """ code_3 = """ if fruits_dict.__contains__(key): # print('Key found') pass else: # print('Key

not found') pass """ code_4 = """ try: # fruits_dict[key] pass except KeyError as err: # print('Key not found') pass """ code_5 = """ if key in fruits_dict.keys(): # print('Key found') pass else: # print('Key not found') pass """ print('Time of code_1: ', timeit.timeit(setup = code_setup , stmt= code_1, number=

10000000)) print('Time of code_2: ', timeit.timeit(setup = code_setup , stmt= code_2, number= 10000000)) print('Time of code_3: ', timeit.timeit(setup = code_setup , stmt= code_3, number= 10000000)) print('Time of code_4: ', timeit.timeit(setup = code_setup , stmt= code_4, number= 10000000))

print('Time of code_5: ', timeit.timeit(setup = code_setup , stmt= code_5, number= 10000000)) This outputs: Time of code_1: 0.2753713619995324 Time of code_2: 0.8163219139996727 Time of code_3: 0.5563563220002834 Time of code_4: 0.1561058730003424 Time of code_5:

0.7869278369998938 The most popular choice and approach, of using the in operator is fairly fast, and it's also the intended approach for solving this problem. Conclusion In this article, we discussed multiple ways to check if a key exists in our dictionary or not. Then we made a performance comparison.

Hey there! Today we are going to cover the various techniques or methods to check if a given key exists in a Python Dictionary or not.IntroductionIn many cases, we may need to check the presence of a key in a dictionary before adding, accessing, or modifying one to avoid an error. For that before-hand

checking, we can follow any one of the below-mentioned methods.So without further ado, let us get started.Ways to check if a key existsBelow, we have mentioned the five(5) of the most common and easy techniques for accomplishing the task.Now, we are going to go through each one of them one-byone.1. Using try-except code BlockA KeyError is raised when a key we are accessing doesn¡¯t belong to the set of existing keys of the dictionary. We can use this fact to check for error(using exception handling) for checking if a key already exists in a dictionary.So in the below code example, we have

used a try-except code block to try accessing our dictionary element with the given key. If the key exists, no exception will be raised and the else part would be executed. Whereas if a KeyError is encountered we can clearly infer that the key does not exist. #Dictionary Initialisation My_Dict = {'Joy':78,

'John':96, 'Kyler':65, 'Sona':85} My_key = input("Enter the key to be searched: ") try: My_Dict[My_key] except KeyError: print("Key doesn't exist!") else: print("Key present!") Output: Enter the key to be searched: Kyler Key present! Here since 'Kyler' is a key that already exists in the dictionary My_Dict,

KeyError is not raised. And hence, we get our desired output.2. Using ¡®in¡¯ operatorThe Python in operator is used for checking whether an element is present in a sequence or not. The syntax for using the same is given below. given_key in given_dictionary Here, the above code snippet evaluates to True if

given_key is present in the sequence(for this article dictionary) given_dictionary. Or else to False if it is not.Have a look at the example given below. It illustrates the use of the in operator on a dictionary perfectly. #Dictionary Initialisation My_Dict = {'Joy':78, 'John':96, 'Kyler':65, 'Sona':85} My_key =

input("Enter the key to be searched: ") if My_key in My_Dict: print("Found!") else: print("Not Found!") Output: Enter the key to be searched: Joy Found! 3. Using get() MethodThe get() method in Python returns the value for the given key if it is in the dictionary on which the method is applied. If the key does

not exist, the default set by the user is returned.Here, key is the key name that we are searching for.Look at the below-given code snippet carefully. #Dictionary Initialisation My_Dict = {'Joy':78, 'John':96, 'Kyler':65, 'Sona':85} My_key = input("Enter the key to be searched: ") if My_Dict.get(My_key):

print("Found!") else: print("Not Found!") Output: Enter the key to be searched: John Found! From the above output it is clear that "John" is already present in the dictionary My_Dict.4. Using keys() MethodThe Python dictionary keys() method returns a new view of the dictionary¡¯s keys. Hence, we can use

this method to check if a key exists in Python Dictionary by using a combination of this method and the in operator.Here is an example below for better understanding. #Dictionary Initialisation My_Dict = {'Joy':78, 'John':96, 'Kyler':65, 'Sona':85} My_key = input("Enter the key to be searched: ") if My_key in

My_Dict.keys(): print("Found!") else: print("Not Found!") Output: Enter the key to be searched: Sneh Not Found! Since, the given key in this case does not belong to the set of keys present inside the dictionary, we get a negative result.5. Using has_key() MethodThe has_key() method has been omitted in

Python 3.x versions and hence can be only used in older versions.So for the older versions, we can use this method to check if a key exists in Python Dictionary. The method returns True if the passed key exists in the dictionary. Or else, returns False. Have a look at an example below. #Dictionary

Initialisation My_Dict = {'Joy':78, 'John':96, 'Kyler':65, 'Sona':85} My_key = "Sona" print(My_Dict.has_key(My_key)) #bool result if My_Dict.has_key(My_key): print("Found!") else: print("Not Found!") Output:We can see here that the method returns a True since the given key(¡°Sona¡°) exists.Summing

UpThat¡¯s it for today. In this tutorial, we discussed the various methods of checking whether a given key exists in a dictionary or not. Hope you had a clear understanding.We recommend going through our Python tutorial for more info.For any further questions, feel free to use the comments

below.References

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