EXAM QUESTIONS - Circulation
EXAM QUESTIONS – Circulation
Blood Vessels
1 (b) During physical activity, oxygen is supplied to the muscles through the blood system.
Describe two characteristics of veins which assist the transport of blood. (2 marks)
Blood Pressure
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Blood Vessels
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Control of Heart Rate, Training
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Oxygen transport at the tissues
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Blood Pressure
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Cardiac Dynamics
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Control of Heart Rate
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Venous Return
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Cardiac Dynamics , Training
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Training and Control of Heart Rate
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Blood Shunting and Venous Return
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Blood Pressure
Jun 04 - Qu 5
When playing golf, a player’s blood velocity and pressure is similar to the graph below.
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(a) (i) Using the graph identify blood vessels represented by A, B, C, D and E. (3 marks)
(ii) Explain the variation in blood pressure and blood velocity occurring from A to E. (3 marks)
Jan 2002 - Qu 3
c) In a variation of baseball, the batter has to run every time he strikes the ball. At the end of an extended innings, the information in Table 2 was obtained.
Table 2 - Estimated blood flow in cm3 per minute
|Organ system |Prior to batting |% |After extended innings |% |
|Skeletal muscle |1200 |21.0 |12500 |72.0 |
|Heart |250 |4.0 |750 |4.0 |
|Skin |500 |8.5 |1900 |11.0 |
|Kidneys |1100 |19.0 |600 |3.5 |
|Abdominal organs |1400 |24.0 |600 |3.5 |
|Brain |750 |13.0 |750 |4.0 |
|Other |600 |10.5 |400 |2.0 |
|Total |5800 |100 |17500 |100 |
Using information from table 2 account for the changes in the blood flow during exercise to:
i) the skin;
(ii) the heart. (3 marks)
June 05 - Qu 4
The information in table 3 was obtained from a performer at rest and during a game of hockey.
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(c) (i) Explain why the blood flow to the brain remains the same at rest and during
the game. (2 marks)
(ii) Explain why there is a need for blood flow to increase to the skeletal muscles during the game and how this is achieved. (4 marks)
MARK SCHEME – Circulation
1 (b) Describe two characteristics of veins which assist the transport of blood.
|(2 marks) Veins: | | |
|A. Thinner muscle/elastic tissue layer | | |
|B. Valves | | |
|C. Wider lumen/diameter | | |
|D. Blood at low pressure | | |
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June 04 - Qu 5
(a) (i)
A – Arteries, B – Arterioles, C – Capillaries, D – Venules, E – Veins;
3 marks for 5 correct, 2 marks for 4 correct, 1 mark for 3 correct
(ii)
1. Velocity related to cross sectional area;
2. Smaller the area, faster the flow;
3. Capillaries – largest total cross sectional area – slow blood flow;
4. Veins/venules – smaller cross sectional area – faster flow;
5. Assisted by venous return mechanisms;
6. Pressure relates to resistance to flow;
7. Friction between blood and walls of vessels;
8. Friction depends on smoothness of lining and diameter of vessel/viscosity of blood;
9. Localised arterial constriction; max 3
Jan 2002 - Qu 3
(c) 1 Skin-more blood to surface( capillaries);
2 To lose heat by radiation/evaporation/conduction/convection;
3 (Heart - increased heart rate) hence more oxygen and nutrients to heart required.
(3 marks)
Jan 04 - Qu 1
(a) 1 Brain function needs to be maintained during exercise/or at rest;
2. Brain requires glucose/feeding/oxygen(O2). 2 marks
(b) 1 Digestion and absorption of food takes time;
2. During exercise, there is reduced blood flow to the gut;
(accept references to figures)
3. If the gut is full, blood will be diverted to the stomach;
4. Denying blood to the active muscles;
5. Affecting performance/lack of oxygen (O2 )to muscles/equiv;
(do not accept stitch or cramp)
6. Feeling nauseous/sick. 3 marks
(c) 1 Active muscles require nutrients/oxygen (O2);
2. Blood is redirected/shunted to (active) muscles;
3. This is achieved by the action of the autonomic/sympathetic system;
4. Vasodilatation/allowing greater flow to areas needing blood;
5. Vasoconstriction/restricting blood flow;
6. Pre-capillary sphincters/control blood flow into the capillary flow.
4 marks
June 05 - Qu 4
(c) (i) 1. Brain function needs to be maintained during exercise and at rest;
2. Brain requires nutrients/glucose/oxygen;
3. Cognitive thought requires nutrients. 2 marks
(ii) 1. Muscles need nutrients/oxygen to generate energy/work;
2. Stimulation by sympathetic nervous system;
3. Or adrenaline/noradrenaline is produced;
4. Controlled through arterioles;
5. By contraction of precapillary sphincters (control blood into capillaries);
6. Reduction of blood flow to the liver/kidneys/abdominal organs/gut;
7. Opening of vessels in the skeletal muscle/skin/Coronary circulation;
8. Vasoconstriction/vasodilation
9. This occurs due to drop in oxygen/rise in carbon dioxide levels/pH levels
drop/ increase in acidity/increase in temperature.
10. Detected by chemoreceptors;
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