Assignment on DNA, RNA, Transcription and Translation



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Transcription and Translation Assignment

Part 1: Analogy Story

Directions: Read the 2 stories and then compare/contrast them by answering the questions below:

Story of a Castle

Once upon a time, there were directions to build a beautiful castle. The only problem was, these directions were locked in a library and couldn’t get out. One day, a person started to make copies of the directions. The copies left the library to be in the world outside of the library, otherwise known as the kingdom.

The copies of the directions to build the castle couldn’t build the castle themselves, they needed workers to read their directions and build the castle. The workers arrived to build the castle. The workers had three jobs; they brought supplies to the castle, read the castle-building directions and put the supplies together to build different parts of the castle.

Each group of workers got a different part of the directions so that each could build a different part of the castle. When the workers were finished, they had a beautiful castle before them and were happy that they had done such a good job.

DNA, Transcription and Translation Story

DNA is the directions to build our bodies. The only problem is, DNA is locked inside the nucleus of a cell and can’t get out. To solve this problem, copies of the DNA are made in a form called mRNA. The process of making mRNA from DNA is called transcription. After transcription, the mRNA copies leave the nucleus to be in the part of the cell outside the nucleus, otherwise known as the cytoplasm.

mRNA can’t build a cell by itself; it needs workers to read the information coded on it and turn that information into proteins that will make up the cell. The workers that build a cell are called tRNA. tRNA molecules have three jobs; they bring amino acids to the mRNA, they read the mRNA code and use this code to build amino acid chains.

Each group of tRNA molecules get a different piece of mRNA which contains different directions, so that each can build a different kind of protein. The process of turning mRNA into amino acid chains is called translation. When all of the tRNA molecules are finished, a cell has been created.

Questions:

1. The directions in Story 1 is like the __________ in Story 2.

2. The library in Story 1 is like the ___________ in Story 2.

3. The copies of the original directions in Story 1 are like the __________ in Story 2.

4. The workers in Story 1 are like the _________ in Story 2.

Part 2: DNA Replication Review

Directions: Answer the questions below.

1. What is DNA replication?

2. Where does DNA replication occur?

3. What is the 1st step in DNA replication?

4. In DNA Replication, Adenine pairs with _________ and Guanine pairs with ___________.

5. Complete the strand to do DNA Replication below:

ATGCATTGACGGTACCGATACATCAT

Complementary strand:

6. Why is DNA replication important?

Part 3: RNA vs. DNA

Directions: Answer the questions below.

1. What is RNA?

2. What are 3 differences between RNA and DNA?

3. What processes use DNA?

4. What processes use RNA?

5. What are the 3 kinds of RNA?

6. Fill in the chart below:

|Kind of RNA |When it is used |

|mRNA | |

| | |

|tRNA | |

| | |

|rRNA | |

Part 4: Transcription

1. What is transcription?

2. Where does transcription occur?

3. What molecules are involved in transcription?

4. Why does transcription happen?

5. Where does the mRNA go after it is made?

7. In deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Adenine (A) pairs with T. In ribonucleic acid (RNA), what does adenine pair with?

8. In deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C). In ribonucleic acid (RNA), what does guanine pair with?

9. Make mRNA copies of the DNA strands below:

Example: DNA Strand: AATTGCGATA

mRNA Strand: UUAACGCUAU

DNA Strand 1: ATACGACATAGGAACTATTTAAGTA

mRNA Strand:

DNA Strand 2: AAAGGGCCCGATAGAACGTATAGTA

mRNA Strand:

DNA Strand 3: GGGCCCGATAGGGAAAATTAGATCCT

mRNA Strand:

4. In question # 3, you were making mRNA copies of the DNA strand. What cellular process where you doing (DNA replication, transcription, translation)?

Part 5: Translation

1. What happens in translation?

2. Where does translation happen?

3. How does transfer RNA help in translation?

6. Use the codon chart to make amino acid chains out of the mRNA:

mRNA: AUGCUUGGGAAACAAUGA

amino acid chain: Met - Glu - Pro - Phe - Val - Stop

mRNA: AUGCUAAGAUUUAAAGCGGAGUGA

amino acid chain:

mRNA: AUGUUUAAAAAUCGUGCGGAGUGA

amino acid chain:

[pic]

7. In question # 6, you were making an amino acid chain out of mRNA. What cellular process where you doing (DNA replication, transcription, translation)?

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