Civics: Chapter 8- The Judicial Branch Study Guide



Ch 8-Judicial Branch SG

Due: Tuesday (April 1st)

Chapter 8, Section 1- The Federal Courts

1. What is the difference between civil disputes and criminal cases?

Civil cases are dealing with MONEY and legal disputes. Criminal cases are dealing with crimes that have been committed like murder, rape, vandalism, etc.

2. What amendment guarantees citizens the right to a jury trial and a lawyer?

6th

3. Which article of the Constitution created the judicial branch?

3

4. What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 establish?

Federal Court System- Supreme, Appeals Court, and District Court

5. What are the three levels of the federal court system? (From highest to lowest)

US Supreme Court, US Court of Appeals, US District

6. What are the 8 types of cases where federal courts have jurisdiction?

Several answers apply here

7. What is exclusive jurisdiction?

Only the Federal Court has the authority to hear this case

8. What is concurrent jurisdiction?

Either the Federal of State courts can hear this case

Chapter 8, Section 2- How Federal Courts Are Organized

1. What is original jurisdiction?

This is the first time the case is being heard

2. What is the only level of the federal court system where witnesses testify and juries reach verdicts?

US District

3. What is appellate jurisdiction?

Authority to retry or review a case based on error

4. What types of cases are heard in the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit?

Cases that have already been tried and an error occured

5. What are the three ways appeals courts can decide cases?

Uphold, reverse, remand- send back down to a lower court

6. How are precedents used in our legal system?

For consistency- judges look back at previous court cases that are similar

7. Who appoints federal judges? Who approves federal judges?

President;Senate

8. How long do federal judges serve?

Life

9. What is the role of Magistrate Judges in our federal court system? Accept bail, set bail, issue warrants, etc

10. What is the role of US Attorneys in our federal court system?

Represents the US Federal Government in court

11. What is the role of US Marshals in our federal court system? Oldest federal law enforcement agency and is responsible for protecting and transporting the federal prisoners and protecting federal witnesses, etc.

Chapter 8, Section 3- The Supreme Court

1. What are the two types of cases where the Supreme Court has original jurisdiction?

Disputes between states, and dealing with foreign diplomats

2. How many justices serve on the Supreme Court?

9

3. Who is the current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court?

John Roberts

4. Who was the first African American Supreme Court justice?

Thurgood Marshall

5. Who was the first female Supreme Court justice?

Sandra Day O’Connor

6. What is judicial review?

Power of the Supreme Court to make a law unconstitutional

7. Which Supreme Court case gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review?

Marbury vs Madison (1803)

Chapter 8, Section 4- The Supreme Court at Work

1. What is a writ of certiorari?

Requires the lower court to send the courts record for review

2. What is the majority opinion?

The decision of the winning justices

3. What is a concurring opinion?

The decision of the winning justices but they got there decision for a different reason then the majority

4. What is a dissenting opinion?

The decision of the losing side of jsutices

5. What is stare decisis?

Latin term, “let the decision stand”

6. What did the Supreme Court rule in Plessy v. Ferguson?

Segregation was okay, “Separate but equal”

7. What did the Supreme Court rule in Brown v. Board of Education?

Overturned segregation- led to integration of the schools

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