Study Guide Final Exam - Mrs. Sullivan



Pope John Paul II High School

Study Guide Second Semester Exam

Sophomore English

Vocabulary:

• Study Definitions, Synonyms, and Parts of Speech for words in Units 10-12.

• Use returned tests to help you study.

• Use and to help you study.

o Focus on definitions you missed on your test.

• Create Flash Cards on Quizlet.

Literary Terms/ Devices: Know definitions for the following from Oedipus the King: Refer to text pages 460 -461 and 468.

• tragedy aside parados

• irony (verbal, situational, dramatic)

• drama comedy oracle strophe

• dialogue tragic hero tragic flaw antistrophe

• stage directions soliloquy prologue

Literary Terms/ Devices from Dante’s Inferno: Refer to text pages 656 -657; 672, 674, 691

• allegory imagery paradisio

• Canto purgatorio characterization (direct/indirect)

• terza rima inferno allusion

• Create Flash cards for these terms on Quizlet.

Grammar for Writing:

• Revising, Proofreading/Editing in Essays

o Revising and Editing questions will include the following:

▪ Addition of words and phrases

• Prepositional phrases

• Participles and Participial phrases

• Gerunds and Gerund phrases

• Infinitives and Infinitive phrases

▪ Subject/Verb Agreement - focus on indefinite pronouns

▪ Correct Verb Tense

▪ Order of sentences and/or paragraphs

▪ Correct Pronoun/Antecedent Agreement

▪ Appositives / Appositive Phrases

▪ Correct Use of First, Second, Third Person Point of View

▪ Parallel Structure

Literature:

• Oedipus the King - Text pages 460 – 526

o Review all online resources

o Review the play

o Know the Characters

o Review all tests and handouts

• The Kite Runner – Make sure you have read the entire book

o Refer to handouts that include vocabulary, plot summaries and quotations (handouts were distributed to you and are still posted on my website under Literature Circles).

o Review all Study Guides and Summaries as well as the character list that can be found under Literature Circles on my website: mrs-

• Dante’s Inferno: Cantos I, III, V, and XXXIV – Text pages 656 - 692

o Review all online resources – powerpoints, videos, notes, handouts

o Review the name of all characters and their relationship to other characters

o Review all returned tests

o Review all handouts

o Create Flashcards for yourself on by setting up a free account.

o Review notes posted on mrs- under the heading Literature.

o Review all of the Cantos.

Grammar:

• Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases – Grammar for Writing Book pages 137 – 138

o The bird on the stamp is a scarlet tanager.

• Participles and Participial Phrases:

o A participle is a verb form that acts as an adjective modifying a noun or pronoun.

▪ There are two kinds of participles: present (-ing ending), and past (-ed ending)

▪ The past participles of irregular verbs have different endings: written, known, run, seen, etc.

o Participle: We listened to the speaker’s opening remarks.

o Participial Phrase: An article published recently by Julia Reed says that the military look is always in fashion.

• Gerunds and Gerund Phrases – text pages 143 – 144

o A Gerund is a verb form that ends in –ing and acts as a noun, and it can be used as a subject, direct object, object of a preposition, and a predicate noun.

▪ Jogging is Matt’s favorite exercise. (subject)

▪ The magazine article discusses jogging. (direct object)

▪ His early morning habit is jogging. (Predicate noun)

▪ It details the benefits and drawbacks of jogging. (object of the preposition.

o Gerund Phrases are made up of a gerund and all of its modifiers and complements. A Gerund Phrase’s modifiers includes adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases. The entire phrase functions as a noun.

▪ Walking the dog is Zach’s responsibility. (subject)

▪ Lauren’s least favorite job is walking the dog. (Predicate noun)

▪ Luckily, Zach likes taking the dog for a walk. (direct object)

▪ Lauren and Zach fight about doing jobs around the house. (Object of the preposition)

• Infinitives and Infinitive Phrases : Text Pages145 -146

o An Infinitive is a verb form that is almost always preceded by the word “to.” In a sentence, an infinitive can act a noun, an adjective, or an adverb

▪ I plan to compete. (Infinitive as a noun)

▪ I was among the first runners to enter. (Infinitive as an adjective)

▪ I am eager to win. (Infinitive as an adverb)

o An Infinitive Phrase is a phrase made up of an infinitive and all of its modifiers and complements. It may contain one or more prepositional phrases.

▪ To land on the moon was once a dream. (Infinitive Phrase used as a noun – subject)

▪ We ran the race to raise money for medical research. (Infinitive Phrase used as an adverb)

• Subject/verb agreement when using Indefinite Pronouns – text Page 193

o Each of the poem's sections is divided into cantos. (Singular subject takes singular verb)

• 2. Each of the sinners is punished according to the plan of symbolic retribution.

• 3. Everything is dark and dreary in the woods.

• 4. One of the characters in the story represents reason.

• 5. Another of the great poets is Homer.

Fragments and Run-On Sentences

o Fragment: studying all night

▪ Correction: Add a subject – The students were studying all night.

o Run-On: We went to the store, we didn’t have enough money.

▪ Correction: Add correct punctuation and/or conjunctions.

▪ We went to the store, but we did not have enough money. (Added a coordinating conjunction turning sentence into a compound sentence which has two independent clauses connected by the conjunction “and” plus a comma).

▪ We went to the store; we didn’t have enough money. (Added a semicolon turning the sentence into a compound sentence).

▪ We went to the store. We didn’t have enough money. (Added a period and capitalized the first letter of “We” to turn the Run-On Sentence into two separate sentences.

▪ Although we went to the store, we didn’t have enough money. (Added a subordinating conjunction to turn the sentence into a Complex Sentence with one dependent clause and one independent clause).

• Possessive Forms of Nouns –

o The boy’s bike

o The boys’ bikes

• Pronouns and Their Antecedents – page 193

• Know the difference between the following words:

than / then affect / effect a lot / allot

to /two/ too your /you’re of / have

accept / except there/ their / they’re

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