ENGLISH I WITH JEFF MERCADO
Nonfiction
- Prose- a genre that is written in paragraph form with standard grammar and punctuation (other genres are poetry and drama)
- Examples-
* articles * biographies * speeches
* essays * autobiographies * journals
* letters * brochures * charts
* textbooks * web pages * manuals
- Tips for Reading Nonfiction-
1. Begin with the title
* make predictions
* consider meaning
2. Read for the author’s main idea
* it might be stated (end of introduction and conclusion)
* it might be implied
3. Identify types of supporting details
* facts * quotes * opinions * examples
* statistics (#) * anecdotes * descriptions
(personal story)
4. Observe the visual features of the text
* charts * maps * headings *photos
5. Observe the organizational features of the text
* compare/contrast * chronological * definition
* cause and effect * problem-solution * order of importance
(least to most)
6. Observe the structural features of the text (see additional notes)
* parallelism * antithesis * syntax
7. Determine the author’s purpose (PIEE)
* to persuade (influence) * to inform (explain)
* to express * to entertain
Purpose can be determined by examining the following:
* tone- the feeling of the author (see tone list)
* diction- word choice (see additional notes)
* point-of-view- primary vs. secondary (see handout)
* bias- strong opinion (see handout)
* appeals- how the author attracts/baits the reader
- logos- appeal to the reader’s reason/mind/logic
- pathos- appeal to the reader’s emotion/heart/passion
- ethos- appeal to the reader’s morals/soul/ethics
* style
- formal or informal (author speaks directly to audience/”you”
- elevated (vocabulary, sentence style, complexity) or simple
- figurative (author uses figures of speech)or literal
8. Draw conclusions and make inferences
* use facts to make educated guesses
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