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AP Practice DBQ and Reformation WHAP/Napp

1. Using the following documents, analyze the relationships between gender and politics in

twentieth-century Latin America. Identify one additional type of document and explain

how it would help your analysis.

Document 1

Document 2

Document 3

Document 4

Document 5

Document 6

Continue to next page.

Document 7

Document 8

Document 9

Document 10

Checklist:

• Read question carefully

• Identified main idea of all ten documents

• Grouped documents – three ways if possible

• Created a valid thesis statement addressing all parts of the question

• Wrote three body paragraphs – one for each group

• Each paragraph had the main idea of the group, evidence from each document to support the main idea, and analyzed point of view in several documents

• Included point of view analysis for at least 3 to 4 documents

• Included relevant outside information

Thesis for essay:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

A Reading Passage on the Reformation:

“Catholicism had won the hearts, spirits, and tithes of the overwhelming majority of the population of western and central Europe. By 1500 the Church had become so wealthy and powerful that several reformers charged the Church with straying from Jesus’ early simplicity and his message of compassion for the poor.

Martin Luther (1483-1546), a pious German monk who lived in a monastery in Wittenberg and taught in the university there, shared these criticisms of the Church’s wealth and further asserted that it claimed too much power over individual conscience. Luther doubted the importance of sacraments and authority. He kept his doubts private, however, until in 1517 a friar came to Wittenberg selling indulgences, which offered exemption from punishment for sins in exchange for donations to the Church. Outraged, Luther posted on the door of the castle church ninety-five theses, or statements of his belief, asserting the importance of faith and grace alone. Priests, he wrote, were not needed to mediate between humans and God. Pressed to recant, Luther refused, declaring ‘it is neither right nor safe to act against conscience.’

In Geneva, Switzerland, John Calvin (1509-64) preached another doctrine of reform. Like Luther, Calvin spoke of justification by faith and the supremacy of individual conscience. He denied the authority of the Church. Calvin went beyond Luther in arguing that God grants His grace to whomever He chooses, regardless of individual behavior. Unlike Luther, Calvin rejected alliances with the government of the city of Geneva.

A third major strand of reform arose in England, where King Henry VIII (r. 1509-47) broke from the Church not for reasons of doctrine, but to claim authority for England over the entire Catholic establishment within the country – churches, monasteries, and clergy – and to gain for himself a divorce, which the Church had forbidden, from the first of his six wives. Henry had no doctrinal quarrel with Rome. He simply wanted to head the English Church himself. Henry’s new church was called Anglican.” ~ The World’s History

|1. Which of the following was not one of Luther's fundamental |3. In what theological teaching did Calvin differ from Luther? |

|theological teachings? (A) Justification by faith, not works |(A) The Bible as sole authority |

|(B) Predestination |(B) Predestination |

|(C) Scripture as sole authority |(C) Justification by faith |

|(D) Priesthood of all believers |(D) Priesthood of all believers |

| | |

|2. At the Diet of Worms, Luther |4. During the reign of what English king did the English reformation |

|(A) Refused to recant his beliefs unless shown their error in |begin? |

|scripture. |(A) William III |

|(B) Ran the emperor through with his saber. |(B) Edward VI |

|(C) Agreed to submit his theological teachings to a general council of|(C) Henry the Navigator |

|the church. |(D) Henry VIII |

|(D) Was absolved of all charges by the emperor. |(E) Mary |

|(E) Resigned his professorship. | |

|1. Martin Luther’s criticism of the Roman Catholic Church was greatly |5. What was the principal focus of the Society of Jesus (the Jesuits)?|

|aided by | |

|(A) The printing press. |(A) to expose witches and heretics |

|(B) The enthusiastic support of clergy in the Catholic Church. |(B) to expand the boundaries of the reformed Catholic Church |

|(C) Local newspapers. |(C) to be soldiers for Jesus in the battle against the Protestants |

|(D) Active guilds and artisans. |(D) to direct the Court of the Inquisition on behalf of the pope |

|(E) All of the above. |(E) to raise money for the Church by selling indulgences |

| | |

|2. As a result of Martin Luther’s preaching |6. Who benefited most from the religious controversy generated by the |

|(A) German princes recommitted themselves to Catholicism. |Reformation? |

|(B) The Roman Catholic Church adopted most of his reforms. |(A) Buddhist missionaries, because they won many converts fed up with |

|(C) A number of German cities began to pass laws requiring that |Christian bickering |

|religious services follow Protestant doctrine. |(B) the peasants, because they were able to leave the estates and move|

|(D) German princes began to engage in good works. |in to the cities |

|(E) All of the above. |(C) centralizing monarchs, because they gained more independent |

| |authority |

|3. What political motivations encouraged the spread of Protestantism? |(D) the Catholic Church, because it gained more committed supporters |

|(A) Protestantism provided people an opportunity to overthrow |(E) the Islamic empires, because Europe was divided and weakened |

|monarchies. | |

|(B) Protestantism encouraged people to claim their individual rights. |7. Martin Luther argued that salvation could only come through good |

|(C) Protestantism encouraged militarism in European nations. |works. |

|(D) Protestantism provided monarchs and princes an opportunity to |(A) True |

|enhance their independence. |(B) False |

|(E) All of the above. | |

| |8. The English Reformation originated in a conflict between Henry VIII|

|4. In response to the challenges raised by the Protestant Reformation,|and the pope. |

|the Catholic Church |(A) True |

|(A) Launched a military campaign against the German states. |(B) False |

|(B) Abandoned its monasteries in Germany. | |

|(C) Abandoned the practice of selling indulgences. |9. Calvinism took root in Italy, Spain, and Austria. |

|(D) Summoned a council to clarify doctrine and strengthen its |(A) True |

|spiritual commitment. |(B) False |

| | |

| |10. John Calvin's Geneva enforced strict moral codes. |

| |(A) True |

| |(B) False |

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Source: Justo Sierra, male Mexican minister of public education, letter to the editors of La Mujer Mexicana (The Mexican Woman), Mexico, 1904.

The educated woman will be truly dedicated to the home; she will be a companion and collaborator of man in the formation of the family. That is what we want. I do not want to see you pursue your feminism to the extreme of wishing to convert yourselves into men; that is not what we desire; for then all of life’s enchantment would be lost. No; let men fight over political questions, let them form laws; you ought to fight the good fight, that of feeling, and form souls, which is better than forming laws.

Source: Hermila Galindo, Mexican feminist and political speaker, supporter of Mexican revolutionaries, speech at the Second Feminist Congress of Yucatan, Mexico, 1916.

A woman needs suffrage and asks for it from a moral standpoint, because of what she can do with the vote. She needs it so that she can combat alcoholism, prostitution, juvenile delinquency, pornography, and everything that works against child morality. She needs it so that she can guard her own health as well as that of the public, to work for better worker housing, better schools, better markets, etc.

Source: Photograph of soldaderas (Mexican female soldiers) during the Mexican Revolution, circa 1917.

[pic]

Source: Ricardo Dolz, Cuban senator, speech to the Cuban Senate on a bill to give married women economic rights, Havana, Cuba, 1917.

Women should have their rights because the movement is recognized worldwide, it is just and moderate, and the women are not asking to dominate men. Resisting the woman’s movement will encourage women activists to become socialists and fulfill everyone’s greatest fear.

Source: María Luisa Marín, anarchist and union organizer, speech in support of jailed communist politician Herón Proal in the rent-strike movement in Veracruz, Mexico, December 1924.

We will do what we can so that our children will not denounce us as traitors and cowards. We will prove that with Proal or without him, the Veracruz renters will defend their rights. In view of the danger that now threatens us, we issue an urgent call to the people. Don’t wait for the powerful to

help you. They will never appreciate the dignity and value of our solidarity which some day will triumph. The supreme hour of the people has arrived. People of Veracruz, wake up and join the struggle.

Source: Colonel Crescencio Treviño Adame, veteran of the Mexican Revolution, private letter to Mexican President Lázaro Cárdenas, 1938.

Undoubtedly, granting Mexican women powers to govern would be a disaster because woman can be more criminal than man. Woman is in this world for the man’s home, not for politics or to mix with the affairs of men. This thing that they are talking about, this women’s vote, would be madness.

Source: Sandinista National Liberation Front of Nicaragua,* party platform, 1969.

The Sandinista Popular Revolution will abolish the discrimination that women have suffered with respect to men: it will establish economic, political, and cultural equality between women and men. It will elevate the political, cultural, and vocational level of women via their participation in the

revolutionary process.

* socialist revolutionary organization

Source: Argentinian women from the Argentinian group Madres de Plaza de Mayo (Mothers of the May Plaza), protesting outside of the presidential palace, seeking information on the political disappearance and murder of their children or other family members, 1981.

[pic]

Source: Orbelina Soza Meirena, female community activist, interview with Latin American historian Barbara Seitz on women’s roles in the Nicaraguan revolution in 1989, published in 1994.

When the Sandinista Front began, women also within the lines fought in the role of men; that is when the women realized that we can work the same as a man, that we can develop equally as a man. The women were heroines. They showed us, they really gave us the idea that the woman in the world, in life, in work, can be equal to a man.

Source: Chilean woman speaking at the First National Meeting of the Female Temporary Agricultural Workers, Santiago, Chile, June 1993.

“Compañeras [Sisters], it is all fine to talk about solidarity with men, but how many of you have husbands who wash dishes or take care of children? How many of you have husbands who let you go to meetings or like the fact that you work? And – I know none of us wants to talk about this – but how many of you have husbands who are abusive, who beat you for whatever whim?”

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