FORMAT FOR PREPARATION OF PROJECT REPORT



HJD INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION AND RESEARCH,KERA

REPORT FORMAT

1. ARRANGEMENT OF CONTENTS:

The sequence in which the project report material should be arranged and bound should be as follows:

1. Cover Page & Title Page

2. Abstract

3. Acknowledgement

4. Table of Contents

5. List of Tables

6. List of Figures

7. List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature

8. Chapters (Introduction , Literature Survey, System Analysis, System Design, Coding , Testing, Conclusion , Future Enhancement)

9. Appendices

10. References

The table and figures shall be introduced in the appropriate places.

2. PAGE DIMENSION AND BINDING SPECIFICATIONS:

The dimension of the project report should be in A4 size (8.27” x 11.69”) with page number. The project report should be bound using flexible cover of the thick white art paper. The cover should be printed in black letters and the text for printing should be identical.

3. PREPARATION FORMAT:

3.1 Cover Page & Title Page – A specimen copy of the Cover page & Title page of the project report are given in attachment

3.2 Abstract – Abstract should be one page synopsis of the project report typed double line spacing, Font Style Times New Roman and Font Size 14.

3.3 Table of Contents – The table of contents should list all material following it as well as any material which precedes it. The title page and Bonafide Certificate will not find a place among the items listed in the Table of Contents but the page numbers of which are in lower case Roman letters. One and a half spacing with font size 12 should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. A specimen copy of the Table of Contents of the project report is given in below.

3.4 List of Tables – The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear above the tables in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head.

3.5 List of Figures – The list should use exactly the same captions as they appear below the figures in the text. One and a half spacing should be adopted for typing the matter under this head. Include Figure Numbers e.g Figure 1,Figure 2 etc. Figure Description should follow the Figure Number. E.g Figure 1 : Overall System Intergration Model

3.6 List of Symbols, Abbreviations and Nomenclature – One and a half spacing should be adopted or typing the matter under this head with font size 12. Standard symbols, abbreviations etc. should be used.

3.7 Chapters – The chapters may be broadly divided into 3 parts (i) Introductory chapter, (ii) Chapters developing the main theme of the project work (iii) and Conclusion.

The main text will be divided into several chapters and each chapter may be further divided into several divisions and sub-divisions.

❖ Each chapter should be given an appropriate title.

❖ Tables and figures in a chapter should be placed in the immediate vicinity of the reference where they are cited.

❖ Footnotes should be used sparingly. They should be typed single space and placed directly underneath in the very same page, which refers to the material they annotate.

3.8 Appendices – Appendices are provided to give supplementary information, which is included in the main text may serve as a distraction and cloud the central theme.

• Appendices should be numbered using Arabic numerals, e.g. Appendix 1, Appendix 2, etc.

• Appendices, Tables and References appearing in appendices should be numbered and referred to at appropriate places just as in the case of chapters.

• Appendices shall carry the title of the work reported and the same title shall be made in the contents page also.

3.9 List of References –

Within the text, references should be cited in numerical order according to their order of appearance. The numbered reference citation within text should be enclosed in square brackets. Example: It was shown by Prusa [1] that the width of the plume decreases under these conditions. In the case of two citations, the numbers should be separated by a comma [1,2].

In the case of more than two references, the numbers should be separated by a dash [5-7].

REFERENCES

The listing should be typed 4 spaces below the heading “REFERENCES” in single spacing left-justified. The References should be arranged in numerical order according to the sequence of citations within the text.

(1) Reference to journal articles and papers in serial publications should include:

• last name of each author followed by their initials

• full title of the cited article in quotes, title capitalization

• full name of the publication in which it appears

• volume number (if any) in boldface (Do not include the abbreviation, "Vol.")

• issue number (if any) in parentheses (Do not include the abbreviation, “No.”)

• inclusive page numbers of the cited article (include “pp.”)

• year of publication

Example

1] Ning, X., and Lovell, M. R., “On the Sliding Friction Characteristics of Unidirectional Continuous FRP Composites,” ASME J. Tribol., 124(1), pp. 5-13, 2002.

(2) Reference to textbooks and monographs should include:

• last name of each author followed by their initials

• year of publication

• full title of the publication in italics, title Capitalization (title case).

• publisher

• city of publication

• inclusive page numbers of the work being cited (include “pp.”)

• chapter number (if any) at the end of the citation following the abbreviation,

• “Chap.”

Example

2] Jones, J., (2000), Contact Mechanics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, Chap. 6.

(3) Reference to individual conference papers, papers in compiled conference proceedings, or any other collection of works by numerous authors should include:

• last name of each author followed by their initials

• full title of the cited paper in quotes, title capitalization

• individual paper number (if any)

• full title of the publication in italics, title capitalization

• initials followed by last name of editors (if any),followed by the abbreviation (in the case of books /reports),

• “eds.” (in the case of books),

• Publisher (in the case of books),

• city of publication (in the case of books),

• volume number (if any) in boldface if a single number, include, “Vol.” if part of larger identifier (e.g. PVP-Vol. 254)

• inclusive page numbers of the work being cited (include “pp.”)

• month and / or year of publication

Example

[3] Lee, Y., Korpela, S. A., and Horne, R. N., “Structure of Multi-Cellular Natural Convection in a Tall Vertical Annulus,” Proc. 7th International Heat Transfer Conference, U. Grigul et al., eds., Hemisphere, Washington, DC, 2, pp. 221–226, 1982.

[4] Hashish, M., “600 MPa Waterjet Technology Development”, High Pressure Technology, PVP-Vol. 406, pp. 135-140, 2000.

(4) Reference to theses should include:

• last name of each author followed by their initials

• year of publication (in bracket)

• full title in quotes, title capitalization (title case)

• report number (if any)

• publisher or institution name, city

Example

[5] Tung, C. Y., (1982), “Evaporative Heat Transfer in the Contact Line of a Mixture,” Ph.D. thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY.

(5) Reference to technical reports should include

• last name of each author followed by their initials

• year of publication (in bracket)

• full title in quotes, title capitalization

• report number (if any)

• publisher or institution name, city

Example

[6] Kwon, O. K., and Pletcher, R. H., (1981), “Prediction of the Incompressible Flow Over A Rearward-Facing Step,” Technical Report No. HTL-26, CFD-4, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA.

1. Table and figures - By the word Table, is meant tabulated numerical data in the body of the project report as well as in the appendices. All other non-verbal materials used in the body of the project work and appendices such as charts, graphs, maps, photographs and diagrams may be designated as figures.

4. TYPING INSTRUCTIONS:

The impression on the typed copies should be black in color.

|Word Processor |Microsoft Word |

|Page Size |A4 (8.27” x 11.69”) with page number |

|Page Margin for all pages) |Top = 1 inch Bottom=1 inch |

| |Left =1.5 inch Right=1 inch |

|Font |Times New Roman |

|CHAPTER TITLE |16 pt. Bold & CAPITAL CASE |

|Font Size for Sub-Headings |12 pt. Bold & Title Case |

|Font size for Text |12 pt. |

|Line Space for Text |1.5 line space |

|Paragraph |6 pt. Space before and after paragraph & Alignment=Justify |

|Reference |Align= justify |

| |Line Space= single and 6 pt. space before the next reference. |

* * * * *

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT iii

LIST OF TABLE xvi

LIST OF FIGURES xviii

LIST OF SYMBOLS xxvii

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 GENERAL 1

1.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

1.2.1 General 5

1.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.2.2.1 General 19

1.2.2.2 . . . . . . . . . . 25

1.2.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . 29

1.2.3 . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

1.3 . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . 45

1.4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

2. LITERATURE REVIEW 69

2.1 GENERAL 75

2. . . . . . . . . . . 99

2.2 ……………. 100

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