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6223001066800Author(s) Sam CalvertElon UniversityThe Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in CommunicationsVol. 3, No. 1, Spring 2012Hypothesis or Summary of IntroductionWhen writing about athletes in the newspaper, do racial stereotypes exist for black and white athletes?Racial Rhetoric = how black and white athletes are portrayed & were stereotypes used to portray the black and white athletes.Black Athletes are stereotyped as gifted athletically but not intellectuallyWhite Athletes are stereotyped as more intellectual than athleticWhite Athletes more dedicated and skilled mentallyBlack Athletes are more giftedBilings & Angelini suggest Black athletes at the 2004 Summer Olympic Games were described as naturally athletic, quick, powerful and little mentioning of their passion or dedication.Eagleman looked at Sports Illustrated articles, 80% of the time white athletes characterized as working hard in order to succeed.. Black athletes didn’t have to work as hard.Tendencies of racial rhetoric in newspaper writing exist in the facts chosen and the characteristics ascribed to players, and the conclusions drawn in previous research can be applied to newspapersMethodology:How did they gather the data?USA Today was selected to study, 6 million readersSports section read for 12 days (9/21/11 to 10/6/11), excluding Satursdays & SundaysArticle was scanned for mentions of current athletesOnly White & Black athletes were codedArticles not containing current black or white athletes were ignoredAthletes fell into 3 categories:Basic: basic info. givenStatistics/Awards: itroduced with mention of recent awardsPositive, subjective description: Commentary or characteristics accompany the mentionAuthor(s) Sam CalvertElon UniversityThe Elon Journal of Undergraduate Research in CommunicationsVol. 3, No. 1, Spring 2012Hypothesis or Summary of IntroductionWhen writing about athletes in the newspaper, do racial stereotypes exist for black and white athletes?Racial Rhetoric = how black and white athletes are portrayed & were stereotypes used to portray the black and white athletes.Black Athletes are stereotyped as gifted athletically but not intellectuallyWhite Athletes are stereotyped as more intellectual than athleticWhite Athletes more dedicated and skilled mentallyBlack Athletes are more giftedBilings & Angelini suggest Black athletes at the 2004 Summer Olympic Games were described as naturally athletic, quick, powerful and little mentioning of their passion or dedication.Eagleman looked at Sports Illustrated articles, 80% of the time white athletes characterized as working hard in order to succeed.. Black athletes didn’t have to work as hard.Tendencies of racial rhetoric in newspaper writing exist in the facts chosen and the characteristics ascribed to players, and the conclusions drawn in previous research can be applied to newspapersMethodology:How did they gather the data?USA Today was selected to study, 6 million readersSports section read for 12 days (9/21/11 to 10/6/11), excluding Satursdays & SundaysArticle was scanned for mentions of current athletesOnly White & Black athletes were codedArticles not containing current black or white athletes were ignoredAthletes fell into 3 categories:Basic: basic info. givenStatistics/Awards: itroduced with mention of recent awardsPositive, subjective description: Commentary or characteristics accompany the mention685800419100Racial Discrimination Rhetoric in USA Today00Racial Discrimination Rhetoric in USA Todaycenter1045210Summary of 3 Findings or Statistics.There were 495 first references to athletes, only 8 were women.278 of 495 were white athletes217 were black athletes77% of Whites & 67% of Blacks were described with basic identifiers.29% of Blacks & 21% of Whites were described with Statistics/Awards.4% of Blacks & 2% of Whites were described with Positive/Subjective descriptions.During the 12 days of the study, 5 articles were about athletes beinga rrested or accused of competing unfairly.The 5 articles included 8 athletes.7 of the athletes were Black1 of the athletes were White.2 Implicationson Prejudice in SocietyPrint media has time on their side compared to live television. In Print media, the authors have time to check their vocabulary and content, whereas in live television (i.e. broadcasting the game) the commentators have a shorter amount of time to prepare and organize their comments. This implies that print media has an easier time being mindful of the racial rhetoric.Although the study provides data that is significant to analyzing racial stereotyping and prejudice, the data is not proportional. With only 12 days of articles, this does not represent an entire year of Sports Writing. Therefore the data is not representative of real-world situations. This implies that another study would benefit our efforts to address prejudice & stereotypes of athletesSummary of 3 Findings or Statistics.There were 495 first references to athletes, only 8 were women.278 of 495 were white athletes217 were black athletes77% of Whites & 67% of Blacks were described with basic identifiers.29% of Blacks & 21% of Whites were described with Statistics/Awards.4% of Blacks & 2% of Whites were described with Positive/Subjective descriptions.During the 12 days of the study, 5 articles were about athletes beinga rrested or accused of competing unfairly.The 5 articles included 8 athletes.7 of the athletes were Black1 of the athletes were White.2 Implicationson Prejudice in SocietyPrint media has time on their side compared to live television. In Print media, the authors have time to check their vocabulary and content, whereas in live television (i.e. broadcasting the game) the commentators have a shorter amount of time to prepare and organize their comments. This implies that print media has an easier time being mindful of the racial rhetoric.Although the study provides data that is significant to analyzing racial stereotyping and prejudice, the data is not proportional. With only 12 days of articles, this does not represent an entire year of Sports Writing. Therefore the data is not representative of real-world situations. This implies that another study would benefit our efforts to address prejudice & stereotypes of athletes685800419100Racial Discrimination Rhetoric in USA Today00Racial Discrimination Rhetoric in USA Today ................
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