Content Outline - University of Phoenix



Week Two Content Outline

TOPIC and Objectives

PREJUDICE, STEREOTYPES, DISCRIMINATION, AND PRIVILEGE

• Explain how the concept of culture is used to construct group identity.

• Analyze the social concept of race.

• Describe how behavior and thinking patterns apply to diversity issues.

Content outline

1. EXPLAIN HOW THE CONCEPT OF CULTURE IS USED TO CONSTRUCT GROUP IDENTITY.

a. Prejudice is a negative attitude that rejects an entire group. (Schaefer, 2011)

1) Hate crimes

2) Criminal offenses committed because of the offender’s bias against a specific racial group, an ethnic or national group, a religion, a sexual orientation, or disability.

3) Merton’s typology

4) La Piere’s Study

5) Theories of prejudice

a) scapegoating theory

b) authoritarian personality theory

c) exploitation theory

d) normative approach

b. Stereotypes

1) Unreliable, exaggerated generalizations about all members of a group (Schaefer, 2011)

a) Power of stereotypes

b) Racial profiling

c) Reducing prejudices (diversity education, mass media, avoidance vs. friendship, social distance scale, and equal status contact)

d) Corporate response: Diversity training

c. Discrimination

1) The denial of opportunities and equal rights to individuals and groups because of prejudice or for other arbitrary reasons. (Schaefer, 2011)

a) Institutional discrimination

b) Low-wage labor

c) Discrimination today

d) Wealth inequality: discrimination’s legacy

e) Environmental discrimination

f) Affirmative action

g) Reverse discrimination

h) The glass ceiling

2. Analyze the social concept of race.

a. Race versus ethnicity

1) Biological meaning: absence of pure genetic races

a) Because of migration, exploration, and invasions, there are no mutually exclusive genetic races.

b) Blood types cannot accurately distinguish racial groups.

c) The Human Genome Project, which mapped human DNA, confirms genetic diversity within racial groups is much greater than between racial groups. (Schaefer, 2011)

2) Social construction of race

a) The social construction or race benefits the oppressor, who defines who is privileged and who is not.

b) Racism is a doctrine of racial supremacy that states one race is superior to another. Certain groups or “races” are not inherently superior to others. (Schaefer, 2011)

3) We are all members of the human race. Humankind cannot be divided into distinct groups or pigeonholed into racial categories

4) The rediscovery of ethnicity

5) The third-generation principle

6) Symbolic ethnicity

b. Privilege

1) Unearned, socially constructed advantage

2) Peggy McIntosh’s essay: White privilege and straight privilege (Harvey, 2009)

c. Subordinate groups

1) Subordinate and minority, dominant and majority

2) Criteria for minority or subordinate status

a) Less power; inequality

b) Share physical or cultural characteristics

c) Born into group, not chosen

d) Sense of group solidarity

e) Marriage within same group

3) Types of subordinate groups

a) Racial groups

b) Ethnic groups

c) Religious groups

d) Gender groups

e) Other groups

4) The creation of subordinate-group status

a) Migration

b) Annexation

c) Colonialism

5) The creation of subordinate-group status

a) Genocide

b) Expulsion

c) Secession

d) Segregation

e) Fusion

f) Assimilation

6) Pluralism: Various groups coexisting without prejudice

3. Describe how behavior and thinking patterns apply to diversity issues.

a. Race is important only because of the social meaning people have attached to it.

b. Stratification by class and gender: structured social hierarchy of groups that perpetuates inequality (Shaefer, 2011)

c. Theoretical perspectives

1) Functionalist perspective

2) Conflict perspective

3) Blaming the victim

4) Labeling theory

d. The issue of diversity as presented in the media

1) The popular media may influence stereotypes, multicultural sensitivity, and organizational culture.

a) Media messages being sent

b) Bias

c) Spin doctoring

d) Sensationalism

e) Intended audience

f) Affect on cultural attitudes

Resources

HARVEY, C. P., & ALLARD, M. J. (2009). UNDERSTANDING AND MANAGING DIVERSITY (4TH ED.). UPPER SADDLE RIVER, NJ: PEARSON.

• Kottak, C. P., & Kozaitis, K. A. (2003). On being different: Diversity and multiculturalism in the North American mainstream (2nd ed.). [Electronic version]. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

Schaefer, R. T. (2011). Racial and ethnic groups (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson

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