Minority, Race and Ethnicity
Minority, Race and Ethnicity
Ch. 9, Sec. 1
pp. 274-279
What is a Minority?
Physical or cultural differences separate them from the majority
Physical-skin color, facial features
Cultural-accent, religion, language
Minority is dominated by the majority
Majority holds unfair proportion of the goods and services
Minority traits are often believed to be inferior by the majority
Ex. Justify job discrimination based on a belief of laziness
What is a Minority?
Members of minorities have strong sense of common identity, with strong group loyalty
Exclusion creates unity amongst the group, a “consciousness of kind”
Majority ascribes status to those who are in the minority
Race
Members share biologically inherited traits
Ex. Skin color, hair, facial features, height
No such thing as a pure race
Physical attributions are arbitrary
Social attitudes towards race are more important
Advantages of Race
No evidence of innate differences in athleticism or intelligence
Some characteristics are adaptations for native environments
Ex. White and dark skin
Ethnicity
Ethnic Minority is a group identified with cultural, religious, or national characteristics
Feelings of superiority toward these groups come from an ethnocentric belief that there is something wrong with them because their culture is different
EXAMINE-Immigrant graph on p. 278
Racial and Ethnic
Relations
Ch. 9, Sec. 2
pp. 280-283
Patterns of Assimilation
Acceptance of a group leads to assimilation, where minorities blend in
Rejection of a group leads to conflict
DISCUSS-is race changing in the U.S., do you have the same view on race as your parents
Assimilation
Anglo conformity-immigrants must conform to traditional American institutions
Melting pot-all minorities blend together
Melting pot or Tossed salad?
DISCUSS-Melting pot vs. Tossed Salad
Assimilation
Tossed salad analogy fits beliefs of cultural pluralism where a minority can maintain its sense of identity
Ex. Little Italy, China Town,
Accommodation occurs when a minority is able to deal with the majority only when it must but keeps its culture and language
Ex. Amish, Cubans, Hutterites
Patterns of Conflict
Conflict patterns are determined by examining history
Genocide is most extreme pattern
A systematic effort to destroy an entire population
Ex. Nazis, Japanese and Chinese (360,000), Serbians Bosnia and Kosovo (Ethnic cleansing of muslims), Tutsi and Hutus (1 million)
Patterns of Conflict
During population transfer, a minority is forced to leave its territory
Subjugation is most common because it denies minorities access to societal benefits
de jure and de facto
Theories of Prejudice and Discrimination
Ch. 8, Sec. 3
pp. 284-288
Stereotypes
Distorted or oversimplified ideas applied to an entire group
Sometimes they are created to justify discrimination toward a group
DISCUSS-positive stereotypes
Prejudice
Widely held negative attitude directed at a particular group
Overgeneralization
Based on biased or insufficient info or stereotypes
Become very rigid, particularly if shared by family members and friends
Racism
Belief discrimination is justified because one race is superior to another
Not genetic, transmitted by culture
Discrimination
Treating people differently because of a prejudice held against a group
Ranges from avoiding social contact to violence
Hate Crimes
Criminal acts motivated by extreme prejudice or racism
Prejudice
Widely held negative attitude directed at a particular group
Overgeneralization
Based on biased or insufficient info or stereotypes
DISCUSS-prejudices not based on race or ethnicity
DEMONSTRATION-square game to distinguish between prejudice & discrimination
Racism
Belief discrimination is justified because one race is superior to another
Not genetic, transmitted by culture
Discrimination
Treating people differently because of a prejudice held against a group
Ranges from avoiding social contact to violence
Hate Crimes
Criminal acts motivated by extreme prejudice or racism
DISCUSS-Ecouraging Citizenship Activity, p. 285
Theoretical Perspectives
Functionalist- prejudice can create a feeling of superiority for the majority but costs society as a whole
Conflict-prejudice and discrimination are weapons of power to control the minority
-Different minorities tend to view one another as competitors rather than allies, Latinos/Blacks
Symbolic Interactionism
People learn to be prejudice
Language (blacklist, blackball)
Self-fulfilling prophecy-expectation that leads to behavior that makes the expectation reality
EX. Kid succeeding because they are encouraged to
EXAMINE-Focus on Theoretical Perspectives p. 288
Minorities in the U.S.
Ch. 8, Sec. 4
pp. 290-291
Institutionalized Discrimination
Unfair practices that grow out of common behaviors
Seniority systems, school districts
Costs to minorities are very high
African Americans
Largest minority-13%
Barriers include very different physical appearance and a history of being discriminated against
-Earn $62 to $100 (white)
-Less professionals, twice as likely to work in low-level service jobs
-Double the unemployment, but probably more because of hidden unemployment
EXAMINE-Graphs on p. 292
African American
Fewer high school and college graduates compared to whites
Number of professionals has increased 128%
Though underrepresented, African Americans have entered the “power elite”
Latinos
Ethnic minorities from Latin Am.
Fastest growing minority
-25% of population by 2050
Diverse group
-Mexicans 60%, Puerto Ricans 13%, Cubans 30%,
54% HS graduation rate
Latinos
¼ of population is below poverty
Make more than African-Americans but far less than whites
Most work in low, semiskilled jobs
Many migrant workers
-Prevents education because children work in the fields
Gaining political power as population increases
Native Americans
2 million people in 500 tribes
Stereotypes have destroyed ethnic identity
25% below poverty line
Fewer HS graduates than any group
DISCUSS-playing cowboys and Indians and in the impact of native American logos
Native Americans
20% in white collar jobs
Little to no representation in Gov’t
Life on reservations is significantly worse then off
Casinos have been a new source of income
Asian Americans
4% of population
Diverse background
-Chinese, Japanese, Korean, India, Vietnam, Phillipeans
History of discrimination during 1800’s and the 1940’s
-Railroad crews, agriculture workers
-Violence erupted against Chinese when whites needed their jobs
-Japanese internment camp
Cultural emphasis on education has led to 42% college attendance and greater acceptance in society
-25% white and 10% Latino
-Has led to “Smart” stereotype
-earn more on average than any other social class including Whites
-Have not had the centuries of discrimination faced by blacks and Native Americans
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