RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, …



RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, KARNATAKA, BANGALORE

ANNEXURE-II

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

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|01 |NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS. |Miss. JAYASHRI M. A. |

| | |M.Sc. NURSING 1ST YEAR. |

| |[ IN BLOCK LETTERS ] |OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGYCAL NURSING |

| | |SHRI. B.V.V.V.SANGHA’S SAJJALASHREE INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES, NAVANAGAR,|

| | |BAGALKOT, |

| | |KARNATAKA. |

|02 |NAME OF THE INSTITUTION |SHRI. B.V.V.S. SANGHA’S SAJJALASHREE INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES, |

| | |NAVANAGAR, BAGALKOT, |

| | |KARNATAKA. |

|03 |COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT |M.Sc. NURSHING 1ST YEAR |

| | |OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGYCAL NURSING |

|04 |DATE OF ADMISSION TO COURSE |10-05- 2007 |

|05 |TITLE OF THE TOPIC |“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF HIV / AIDS |

| | |AMONG RURAL ANTENATAL MOTHERS ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC AT S.N. MEDICAL |

| | |COLLEGE, HANAGAL SHRI KUMARESHWAR HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTRE, BAGALKOT, |

| | |KARNATAKA”. |

| | |

|6 |BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK :- |

| |6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY :- |

| | |

| |The continuing increase in HIV infection has brought a new dimension to some of the most complex problem in our health delivery |

| |services and social systems and has emphasized the need for a structural and consistent system of control and protection as well |

| |as care of the people with HIV infection. |

| | |

| |The world health organization Global AIDS strategy has established principles for National and International HIV prevention and |

| |control based firmly on knowledge of virology and epidemiology and derived from broad practical experience with infectious |

| |disease control programmes. The Global AIDS strategy provides the necessary framework within which individual countries can |

| |develop strategies relevant to their particular needs. |

| | |

| |Most of the thirty three million people living with HIV are in the developing world. HIV are in the developing world. HIV |

| |infection in pregnancy has become the most common complication of pregnancy because more than 70% of all HIV infection are a |

| |result of heterosexual transmission and over 90% infection in children result from to child transmission almost 600,000 children |

| |are infected by HIV annually over 1600 each day. |

| | |

| |It is projected that 2010 of the spread of HIV has not been controlled AIDS will increases infant mortality by 25% and under five|

| |mortality by over 100% in the region most affected by the disease. |

| | |

| |AIDS has become a pandemic affecting millions of men, women and children all over the world. WHO estimates that around 10 to 12|

| |million adults and one million children has been infected with HIV until now. The independent international research group based|

| |at the Harvard school of public health project that nearly 20 milion people will be HIV infected by 1995 and over 40 – 110 |

| |million adults and over 100 million children will be infected world wide by 20000 AD. |

| | |

| |AIDS has become a important cause of death in women and children in USA AIDS has been ranked at the 8th leading cause of death in|

| |women of reproductive years and the 10th leading cause death in children between one to four years. According to current |

| |estimates the under five mortality in USA as increased instead of decreasing from 166 / 1000 1988 and is likely to rise to 185 / |

| |1000 by 2000 AD. HIV has those wiped-out the efforts of 3 decades aimed at decreasing infant mortality. |

| | |

| |AIDS in women and children has become a Global health crises. Community participation and full commitment on the part of the |

| |health sector will be essential to minimize the impact of AIDS on the societies. |

| | |

| |Despite of increased amount of HIV/AIDS education everywhere misconception where noted about routes of infection and always to |

| |prevention of infection early information on HIV/AIDS transmission and prevention from mother to child crucial in the ongoing |

| |effort to reduce maternal mortality. |

| | |

| |So that the investigator felt that the assessment of knowledge about preventive measures of HIV/AIDS among rural antenatal mother|

| |is essential. |

| | |

| |6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE :- |

| | |

| |Abiodun et. al. conducted a study on Awareness and knowledge of mother to child transmission of HIV among pregnant women-valid |

| |and reliable questionnaires were administered to pregnant women at antenatal booking during the study period. The majority (90%)|

| |of the respondents were aware that HIV/AIDS can coexist with pregnancy, but only 68% were aware of mother to child transmission. |

| |Tranplacental route, vaginal delivery and breastfeeding were identified as routes of transmission from mother to child by 65%, |

| |38% and 52% of respondents, respectively. There is a need for adequate counseling and education about HIV/AIDS and mother to |

| |child transmission in antenatal clinics and also through public campaign media. |

| | |

| | |

| |Igwebe et. al. was conducted a study on knowledge and perception of HIV/AIDS and mother to child transmission among antenatal |

| |mothers. Pre-tested questionnaires were administered to 312 pregnant women randomly selected at the antenatal clinic. The level |

| |of awareness of HIV/AIDS among antenatal mothers was very high (99%) and the main source of information were radio (44.7%), |

| |though majority (94.2%) was aware HIV infection can coexist with pregnancy only 76.9% were aware of mother to child transmission.|

| |Though the percentage of HIV/AIDS knowledge is high the level of knowledge and perceptions of mother to child transmission is |

| |adequate. This suggests the need to scale up health education about mother to child transmission in our health facilities. |

| | |

| |Tadess E, et. al. conducted a study on, likely stakeholders in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS. |

| |Antenatal women in Blantyre, Malawi obtain health information on HIV/AIDS from radio (96.3%), health workers (82.2%), religious |

| |gathering (66.7%), friends (54.8) and News papers (39.3%). The majority intend to be accompanied by own mother and sister for |

| |delivery; close relatives, spouse and the media are important stakeholders in the health of pregnant women. Programs aimed at |

| |prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV should give serious consideration to these partners. |

| | |

| |Ho CF, et. al. conducted a cross sectional study on HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk behaviour in Hong Kong Chinese pregnant women. |

| |A Chinese pregnant women who attended an antenatal clinic of a regional hospital in Hong Kong. If HIV infection was suspected, |

| |over 70% would have HIV screening together with their spouse. If HIV was confirmed 24% would terminate the pregnancy. As many as |

| |78.8% and 72.8% of women believed that HIV screening should be carried out before marriage and pregnancy respectively. To enhance|

| |their knowledge about mother to child HIV transmission and to promote awareness of safe sex. Health policy makers should consider|

| |the possibility of providing pre-marriage and pre-pregnancy HIV screening for women. |

| | |

| | |

| |Santmyire, et. al. Conducted a study on educating African pastors on mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS. A pretest and |

| |posttest design was used with a convenience sample of 102 pastors attending the educational program on HIV/AIDS and MTCT in |

| |January, February of 2005. Participants attended an 18-hour program on HIV/AIDS and MTCT. A picture booklet was designed and used|

| |to help post test examination and follow-up evaluations were designed for this project. Results of the pretest showed minimal |

| |knowledge of pastors regarding HIV/AIDS. The median composite scores on the knowledge questions increased from 16% on the |

| |pre-test to 92% on post-test within the 3 months follow-up period, 34 follow up evaluation were received. The educational program|

| |was effective in increasing the pastors knowledge of HIV/AIDS and MTCT. |

| |De Brito et. al. conducted study on the, trends in maternal-infant transmission of AIDS after antiretroviral therapy in Brazil. |

| |The present study included children born in Brazil between 1990 and 2001. They used data based of notified AIDS cases in children|

| |13 year age or younger between 1990 and 2004. Found a significant increasing trend for cases born prior to the year in which |

| |antiretroviral therapy was introduced, with an increase rate of about 12% per year. Rates from different states ranged from 5.9% |

| |to 31%. The analysis of expected and observed cases for each of the country’s with a progressive year to year reduction. The |

| |results obtained suggest a favorable response to the implementation of policies for the prevention of maternal infant HIV |

| |transmission in Brazil. |

| | |

| |Guo JL, et. al. conducted a study on the cost of preventing AIDS transmission from mothers to children. According to the number |

| |of patients and each strategy on prevention of AIDS transmission, following aspects were calculated as, the cost of preventing |

| |each patient with HIV infection, to avoid the cost of one disability adjusted life year to evaluate the cost of each patient with|

| |either HIV infection or HIV infected. The cost effects for comprehensive strategies showed that the cost was 60853 yuan for |

| |avoiding one case with HIV infection. It was 211000 yuan for each patient after HIV infection and ratio between effects and costs|

| |was 5:1. The cost effects of preventing HIV transmission from mothers to children was significant on the basis of economical |

| |level. It was more effective to evaluate the relation between cost and effects according to economical level in screening and |

| |preventing transmission from mother to children under the situation that the HIV positive rate in pregnant mothers was more than |

| |0.03%. |

| |6.3 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM :- |

| |“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE ABOUT PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF HIV/AIDS AMONG RURAL ANTENATAL MOTHERS ATTENDING ANTENATAL CLINIC |

| |AT S. N. MEDICAL COLLEGE, HANAGAL SHRI KUMARESHWAR HOSPITAL AND RESEARCH CENTER, BAGALKOT, KARNATAKA”. |

| |6.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: |

| |To assess the knowledge about HIV/AIDS among rural antenatal mothers. |

| |To assess the preventive measures of HIV/AIDS infection among the antenatal mothers. |

| |To associate the knowledge about HIV/AIDS and socio-demographic variable among rural antenatal mothers. |

| |6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS: |

| |Prevention: In this study prevention refers to prevention of HIV / AIDS among antenatal mothers. |

| |HIV: In this study HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus, the virus that causes AIDS. |

| |AIDS: In this study AIDS stands for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. |

| |Assessment: In this study assessment refers to an evaluation or appraisal of condition about rural antenatal mothers knowledge |

| |and skills. |

| |Knowledge: In this study knowledge refers to awareness about HIV/AIDS among pregnant women. |

| |Antenatal-Mother: In this study antenatal mother refers to the pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at S. N. Medical |

| |College, Hangal Shri Kumareshwar Hospital and Research Center, Bagalkot, Karnataka”. |

| |6.6 ASSUMPTIONS: |

| |It is assumed that antenatal mothers have some knowledge about HIV/AIDS. |

| |It is assumed that selected demographic variables have influence on antenatal mothers knowledge and preventive measures of |

| |HIV/AIDS. |

| |It is assumed that antenatal mothers response to the interview schedule items reflect their actual knowledge about HIV/AIDS. |

| |6.7 DELIMITATION: |

| |The study is delimited to the group of antenatal mothers visiting antenatal clinic at S. N. Medical College Hangal Shri |

| |Kumareshwar Hospital and Research Center, Bagalkot Karnataka”. |

| |6.8 PROJECTED OUT-COME : |

| | |

| |The findings of the study will help the antenatal mothers to know the importance of early detection, signs and symptoms and |

| |management of HIV / AIDS. Which help to prevent the death from HIV/AIDS and improve the health conditions of the women. |

|7. |SOURCE OF DATA: |

| |RESEARCH DESIGN: Descriptive design |

| |RESEARCH SETTINGS: The study will be conducted on antenatal mothers visiting antenatal clinic at H.S.K. Medical College, |

| |Hospital and Research Centre, Bagalkot. |

| |SAMPLE SIZE:100 |

| | |

| |INCLUSIVE CRITERIA: |

| |Antenatal mothers who will be available at the time of data collection at S. N. Medical College, Hangal Shri Kumareshwar Hospital|

| |and Research Center, Bagalkot, Karnataka”. |

| |Antenatal mothers who are willing to participate in the study. |

| |EXCLUSIVE CRITERIA : |

| |Antenatal mothers who are not willing to participate in the study. |

| |7.1 METHOD OF COLLECTION OF DATA: |

| |Instruments : - |

| |Step 1 : Formal permission from Dean. |

| |Step 2 : Investigator introduces herself to subject. |

| |Step 3 : A structured interview schedule to collect the data regarding |

| |sociodemorgraphic variable of antenatal mother. |

| |Step 4 : Administer the questionnaire to assess the knowledge regarding HIV / AIDS |

| |among antenatal mothers. |

| |7.2 DATA COLLECTION TOOLS : |

| |Instruments : |

| |A structured interview schedule to collect the data regarding sociodemorgraphic data of antenatal mothers. |

| |Observational check list. |

| |SAMPLING TECHNIQUE : Purposive sampling. |

| |DATA ANALYSIS PLAN : Descriptive & inferential statistical method will be used to analyse the collected data. |

| |7.3. Does the study require any investigation or interventions to be conducted on |

| |participants or patients? |

| |No. |

| |7.4. Permission will be obtained from your institution? |

| |- Yes. |

| |7.5. Has ethical clearance has been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3? |

| |- Yes. |

| | |

|8. |LIST OF REFERENCES : |

| |Abiodun et al: “Awareness and knowledge of mother to child transmission of HIV among pregnant women.” NatlAssoc, 2007; |

| |Jul:99(7)758-63. |

| |Igwegbe Ao, et. al.: “Knowledge and perceptions of HIV/AIDS and mother to child transmission among antenatal mothers at |

| |Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching hospital, [Niger J clin pract, 2005, Dec;8(2):97-101. |

| |Preussler GM. et. al.: “Living the adversities of the combination of pregnancy with HIV/AIDS”. Gaucha Enferm 2007 |

| |Mar;28(1); 117-25. |

| |Guo JL, et. al. “Study on the cost of preventing AIDS transmission from mothers to children; an effect analysis Zhonghua |

| |lia xing Bing xue Za Zhi, 2007 Mar; 28(3); 258-60. |

| |Brito AM, et. al.: “Trends in maternal-infant transmission of AIDS after anti-retroviral therapy in Brazil”. Rev Saude |

| |Publica, 2006, April; 40 suppl; 18-22, Epub 2006. |

| |HOCF, et. al.: “HIV/AIDS knowledge and risk behavior in Hong Kong Chinese pregnant women”. “J Adv Nurs, 2003, Aug; 43(3); |

| |238-45. |

| |Iiyasu. et.al.: “Awareness and attitude of antenatal clients HIV voluntary counseling and testing in Aminu Kano teaching |

| |Hospital Kano, Nigeria.”, Niger J. Med, 2005 Jan-Mar;14(1);27-32. |

| |Tadesse E, et. al.: Likely stakeholders in the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV/AIDS in Blantyre Malawi.”|

| |Afr health Sci. 2004 Dec; 4(3); 155-9. |

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|9. |SIGNATURE OF THE CANDIDATE | |

| | | |

|10. |REMARKS OF THE GUIDE |This study is feasible and I forward it for acceptance. |

| | | |

|11. |NAME AND DESIGNATION OF |Smt. Sarvamangala S. |

| |11.1 GUIDE |Professor and H.O.D |

| | |Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecologycal Nursing. |

| | |Shri. B.V.V.Sangha’s Sajjalashree Institute of Nursing Sciences, Navanagar, |

| | |Bagalkot, Karnataka |

| | | |

| |11.2 SIGNATURE | |

| | | |

| |11.3 CO-GUIDE |Smt. Anita Baby |

| | |Asso. Professor |

| | |Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecologycal Nursing. |

| | |Shri B.V.V.Sangha’s Sajjalashree Institute of Nursing Sciences, Navanagar, |

| | |Bagalkot, Karnataka |

| | | |

| |11.4 SIGNATURE | |

| | | |

| |11.5 HEAD OF THE DEPT. |Smt. Sarvamangala S. |

| | |Professor and H.O.D. |

| | |Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecologycal Nursing. |

| | | |

| |SIGNATURE | |

| | | |

|12. |REMARKS OF THE CHAIRMAN & PRINCIPAL |The topic is discussed with the members of the research committee and is |

| | |finalized. She is permitted to conduct the study |

| | | |

| |12.1 SIGNATURE | |

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