Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Schools



W-13 Test Chapters 15 and 17Multiple ChoiceIdentify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.____1.Hawaiian honeycreepers are a group of birds with similar body shape and size. However, they vary greatly in color and beak shape. Each species occupies its own niche and is adapted to the foods available in its niche. The evolution from a common ancestor to a variety of species is an example of _____.a.divergent evolutionc.vegetative propagationb.cross-pollinationd.convergent evolution____2.The flying squirrel of North America closely resembles the flying phalanger of Australia. They are similar in size and have long, bushy tails and skin folds that allow them to glide through the air. The squirrel is a placental mammal, while the phalanger is a marsupial. These close resemblances, even though genetically and geographically separated by great distances, can best be explained by _____.a.convergent evolutionc.spontaneous generationb.divergent evolutiond.vestigial structures____3.Within a decade of the introduction of a new insecticide, nearly all of the descendants of the target pests were immune to the usual-sized dose. The most likely explanation for this immunity to the insecticide is that _____.a.eating the insecticide caused the bugs to become resistant to itb.eating the insecticide caused the bugs to become less resistant to itc.it destroyed organisms that cause disease in the insects, thus allowing them to live longerd.the pests developed physiological adaptations to the insecticide____4.Structures that have a similar evolutionary origin and structure but are adapted for different purposes, such as a bat wing and a human arm, are called _____.a.embryological structuresc.homologous structuresb.analogous structuresd.homozygous structures____5.Natural selection can best be defined as the _____.a.survival of the biggest and strongest organisms in a populationb.elimination of the smallest organisms by the biggest organismsc.survival and reproduction of the organisms that occupy the largest aread.survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best adapted to the environment____6.A pattern of evolution that results when two unrelated species begin to appear similar because of environmental conditions is _____.a.disruptive selectionc.directional selectionb.convergent evolutiond.divergent evolution____7.The average individuals of a population are favored in _____ selection.a.directionalc.disruptiveb.stabilizingd.natural____8.In _____ selection, individuals with both extreme forms of a trait are at a selective advantage.a.directionalc.disruptiveb.stabilizingd.natural____9._____ selection favors one extreme form of a trait in a population.a.Directionalc.Disruptiveb.Stabilizingd.Natural____10.What is the movement of genes into and out of a gene pool called?a.random matingc.gene flowb.nonrandom matingd.direct evolution____11.Upon close examination of the skeleton of an adult python, a pelvic girdle and leg bones can be observed. These features are an example of _____.a.artificial selectionc.vestigial structuresb.homologous parative embryology____12.Which combination of characteristics in a population would provide the greatest potential for evolutionary change?a.small population, few mutationsc.large population, few mutationsb.small population, many mutationsd.large population, many mutations____13.The theory of continental drift hypothesizes that Africa and South America slowly drifted apart after once being a single landmass. The monkeys on the two continents, although similar, show numerous genetic differences. Which factor is probably the most important in maintaining these differences?parative anatomyc.geographic parative embryologyd.fossil records____14.Which of the following is not a factor that causes changes in the allelic frequencies of individuals in a population?a.stabilizing selectionc.random selectionb.directional selectiond.disruptive selection____15.When checking shell color for a species of snail found only in a remote area seldom visited by humans, scientists discovered the distribution of individuals that is shown in the graph in Figure 15-1. Based on the information shown in the graph, the snail population is undergoing _____.Figure 15-1a.stabilizing selectionc.artificial selectionb.disruptive selectiond.directional selection____16.What type of adaptation is shown in Figure 15-4?Figure 15-4a.mimicryc.artificial selectionb.camouflaged.homologous structure____17.The structures shown in Figure 15-5 are _____.Figure 15-5a.homologousc.analogousb.heterologousd.vestigialFigure 15-6____18.Which type of natural selection showed in Figure 15-6 favors average individuals?a.Ac.Cb.Bd.D____19.Which type of natural selection shown in Figure 15-6 would favor giraffes that need to reach the tallest branches to eat?a.Ac.Cb.Bd.D____20.The evolutionary history of a species is its _____.a.biodiversityc.extinctionb.phylogenyd.taxonomy____21.A system for naming species in which two words are used to name an organism is _____.a.binomial nomenclaturec.cladisticsb.dichotomous keyingd.fan diagramming____22.The placing of information or objects into groups based on certain similarities is _____.a.biochemical analysisc.phylogenyb.classificationd.speciation____23.A heterotrophic eukaryote associated with the decomposition of dead organisms is a(n) _____.a.bacteriumc.fungusb.herbivored.protist____24.A group of related classes of plants is a _____.a.databasec.divisionb.kingdomd.taxon____25.The science of grouping and naming organisms is _____.a.classificationc.nomenclatureb.phylogenyd.taxonomy____26.The method used to construct a hypothetical evolutionary tree is ____.a.biochemistryc.DNA sequencingb.cladisticsd.statistical analysis____27.Biologists use ______________ to create a cladogram.a.derived traitsc.discretionaryb.behaviorald.pedigreesMatchingMatch each item with the correct statement below.a.phylume.familyb.orderf.bacteriac.protistg.classd.kingdomh.genus____28.group of related families____29.group of related classes____30.group of related species____31.group of related genera____32.eukaryote lacking complex organ systems____33.group of related orders____34.microscopic, single-celled prokaryotes____35.group of related phyla36.Classify each of the items in Figure 17-1 as a bacterium, protist, or fungus.Figure 17-137.If you observed green material on the surface of a pond, how could you determine whether it belonged to Kingdom Protista or Kingdom Eubacteria?38.Make a list of the taxonomic categories in order from the largest category to the smallest category. Also include groups below the level of species.39.On what basis can members of one kingdom be distinguished from those of another kingdom?40.What are three advantages of using scientific names for organisms?41.In what way are bacteria and many protists alike?42.In what way are fungi and plants alike?43.In what way are protists and fungi alike?OrganismHouse catRed foxDogWolfGopherFlyKingdomAnimaliaAnimaliaAnimaliaAnimaliaAnimaliaAnimaliaPhylumChordataChordataChordataChordataChordataArthropodaClassMammaliaMammaliaMammaliaMammaliaMammaliaInsectaOrderCarnivoraCarnivoraCarnivoraCarnivoraRodentiaDipteraFamilyFelidaeCanidaeCanidaeCanidaeGeomyidaeMuscidaeGenusFelisVulpesCanisCanisThomomysMuscaSpeciesF. domesticusV. fulvaC. familiarisC. lupusT. bottaeM. domesticaTable 17-244.How does Table 17-2 indicate that a dog is more closely related to a red fox than a house cat?45.At what level does the relationship between gophers and house cats diverge? Refer to Table?17-2.46.From Table 17-2, which two animals are most closely related? Explain.47.What is the complete classification of Vulpes velox? Use Table 17-2. ................
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