Special Section: Rare Cancers in Adults - American Cancer Society
Special Section:
Rare Cancers in Adults
Introduction
Any cancer diagnosis is difficult, but rare cancers can be
especially challenging for patients, their caregivers, and
even clinicians. For many rare cancers, research to identify
causes or develop strategies for prevention or early
detection is extremely difficult. In addition, rare cancers
can be extremely challenging to diagnose, often resulting in
numerous physician visits, misdiagnoses, and substantial
delays in diagnosis. After diagnosis, patients and
caregivers often have a hard time finding information
about their cancer, and treatment options are usually more
limited and less effective than for more common cancers.
This is partly because there are fewer clinical trials for rare
cancers, and they are often limited to select, high-volume
cancer centers. Consequently, rare cancers are an area of
priority for researchers and public health advocates.1
Table S1. Statistics for Select Rare Cancers, Ages 20+ Years
Incidence
Oral cavity & pharynx
Lip
Tongue
Salivary gland
Floor of mouth
Gum & other mouth
Nasopharynx?
Tonsil
Oropharynx
Hypopharynx
Digestive system
Small intestine
Anus, anal canal, & anorectum
Gallbladder
Retroperitoneum
Peritoneum, omentum, & mesentery
Respiratory system
Nose, nasal cavity, & middle ear
Larynx
Trachea, mediastinum
Genitourinary system
Vagina
Vulva
Penis
Testis
Ureter
Other rare cancers
Male breast cancer
Bones & joints
Soft tissue, including heart
Eye & orbit
Mesothelioma
Kaposi sarcoma
Relative
survival
Mortality
Rate*
2009-2013
Male: female
rate ratio
Trend
(APC)
2004-2013
% local
stage
2009-2013
Rate*
2010-2014
Trend
(APC)
2005-2014
5-year (%)
2006-2012
0.8
4.7
1.7
0.8
2.2
0.7
2.9
3.4
2.8
1.8
2.5
1.5
2.7
4.9
-2.4?
1.9?
0.3?
-3.2?
-0.2
-0.9?
3.1?
83
33
43
44
40
9
12
................
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