Military Industrial Contractors Massachusetts



Military Industrial Contractors in Massachusetts

By Andrew Romanowski

Massachusetts Peace Action

11 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138



March 23, 2013

Contents

Introduction 2

Raytheon 4

General Dynamics 5

General Electric 6

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 7

American Science and Engineering Inc. 8

Draper Labs 10

The Analytic Science Corporation (TASC) 11

Textron Systems 11

Perini 12

BAE Systems Inc. 12

Quantech Services Inc. 13

Dynamics Research Corp. 14

Oasis Systems 15

Odyssey Systems 15

FLIR Systems 16

iRobot Corp 16

Infoscitex Corp 17

Niche. Ariel Inc. 18

Charles River Analytics Inc. 18

Aptima Inc. 20

Works Cited 21

Introduction

Massachusetts has a unique relationship to the Military-Industrial Complex, as a progressive state that receives important revenue from the defense industry, as a state with a highly educated and specialized workforce able to provides cutting-edge analysis, and as the largest recipient of military funding in New England. According to the Donahue Institute a conservative academic research center with substantial connections to the military, Massachusetts’s venders and companies were awarded more than $13. 7 billion from the department of Defense (DoD), and the department of Homeland security, an 83 percent increase since 2003. The DoD and Department of Homeland Security is responsible for more than 130,000 approximately 4.1 percent of employment in the state. Overall direct and indirect economic activity associated with the military and defense industry in broader New England is estimated to be greater than $25.5 billion. In Massachusetts, 3.8 percent of annual GDP is estimated by the Donahue Institute to be derived from military spending and contracts. The great majority of this spending is concentrated in communications; radio, detection and other forms of engineering related work intended to give the military strategic advantages. This particular sector of employment and development has grown 130 percent since 2003. Massachusetts was 6th and 9th in the country in 2011, for prime defense contracts and contracts per capita. Massachusetts has at least five military bases and direct facilities located in state: Westfield, Harvard Lancaster, Bedford, Westover, Lexington and Lincoln.

This report profiles 20 major contractors mentioned in the Business press, for the large amounts of revenue and volume of contracts they have acquired in fiscal year 2012. The contracts provided a diverse array of services for the military and DoD, however there are many important commonalities. The majority of the contractors are engaging in complex, software, computer science, and other specialized technological research, much of which is affiliated with academia. Almost every contractor profiled is doing robotics research, including research on autonomous drones and naval craft. In fact, the only companies profiled, which are not providing complex technological research relevant to the development of robotics technology, are minor financial companies and a parachute manufacturer. Several of the most original robotics contractors such as iRobot, Charles River Analytics, Draper Labs, and Lincoln Labs are located in Massachusetts. Boston Dynamics, another cutting edge robotics company, not profiled in this report is also located in Massachusetts. Massachusetts would therefore, seem to be at the forefront of much of the work done in this area. Such, of this research seems to trace back to MIT and its unique role in advanced military research. iRobot for instance, is one of the most revolutionary robotics companies profiled, and the only company to explicitly catalog and advertised infantry and naval robots for military use, was originally founded by scientists from MIT. MIT provides the largest number of facilities for Charles River Analytics, including its facility of Lincoln Lab. Draper Labs was also originally, directly associated with MIT and continues to profit from its connections with the university. The academic clout and financial resources

Raytheon

Raytheon’s main headquarters are located in Waltham Mass. Raytheon is financially and industrially the largest defense contractor in the state. Raytheon also received the largest amount of revenue in government contracts, in fiscal year 2012, 1,713 contracts totaled an estimated $3.3 billion. Raytheon apportions its commercial activity to several distinct business units listed on its website: Integrated Defense Systems (IDS), Intelligence and information Systems (IIS), Network Centric Systems (NCS), Raytheon Technical Services Company (RTSC) Raytheon Missile (RMS).

Although Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems is headquartered in Tewksbury Mass, Raytheon IDS is active is Andover Massachusetts, and was awarded an $115,959,356 firm-fixed-price level-of-effort contract as recently as February 8th 2013. The Contract was an improvement on an existing contract to develop PATRIOT missile systems. The Contract was certainly given out to in support of foreign military sales. The US has been selling PATRIOT missile systems to Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait as of 2013, and a large contract was given to Lockheed Martin also in relation to PATRIOT supplies. Raytheon’s February 8th contract would seem to be in relationship with this development in arms sales. Raytheon IDS was also contracted, in accordance with an existing agreement with the pentagon, to perform more development services on naval radar phase systems on February 13th 2012. The contract was $138,698,837 and firm-fixed-price, level-of-effort, cost-plus-fixed-fee. The work in development to this specific project will be done in Andover, Burlington and Tewksbury as out of state. An earlier agreement between the pentagon and Raytheon IDS was negotiated April 30th 2012 regarding radar systems and surveillance technology; this seems to be an earlier version of the phase radar tracking systems agreement. Raytheon IDS has 14,000 employees and made over $5 billion in revenue in 2012. Its current CEO is Thomas Kennedy.

Raytheon Network Centric Systems is active in Marlborough, Mass. NCS was awarded a $7,027,114 cost-plus-fixed-fee delivery order against a previously issued basic ordering agreement for air traffic systems specifically related to navigation, coordination and refurbishment of existing aviation technologies. The contract also stipulates funding for assembly and disassembly as well as, purchase for new parts. The contract was awarded on February 16th 2012. NCS is headquartered out of state in Texas not Massachusetts and had a total revenue of $4 billion in 2012.

General Dynamics

General Dynamics Advanced Information Systems, Inc. General Dynamics subsidiary located in Pittsfield, Mass, was awarded a $7,150,086 cost-plus-incentive-fee contract on February 6th 2012 for fiscal year of 2012 and 2013. General Dynamic was contracted to provide operational support, design, development and production work in relation to ballistic missile submarines and guided missile submarines in fiscal year 2012 and fiscal year 2013. The Pittsfield location does not seem to be the main headquarters of AIS, which are located in Fairfax, Virginia. AIS claims to have more than 91,000 employees worldwide, it’s unclear how many of these are located in Massachusetts, as its Pittsfield location does not seem to be very central.

General Dynamics also has a factory located in Taunton Mass, which received $ 1.9 billion in revenue from Department of Defense contracts to develop Cyber-security and communications technology systems. The Taunton Company is estimated by the Boston Globe to have around 1,000 employees. The Taunton Company also seems to be affiliated with the General Dynamic C4 unit, which specializes in software, data systems, radio and other communications technologies used, by government intelligence agencies and the pentagon. Taunton has found itself in precarious situation as “Warfighter” a leading satellite communications system used by ground troops to exchange video surveillance footage of the battlefield, has been threaten by budget cuts. The proposed cut re-appropriation of $414 million has however, faced bipartisan protest by the Massachusetts delegation.

General Electric

General Electric’s presence includes its aviation group located in Lynn, Mass, and a medical center also located in Lynn. General Electric received 217 contracts in 2012, totaling nearly $ 1 billion. An example of a recent contract is the $8,831,994 order on February 27th 2012, improving on a previously, basic ordering agreement (N00019-09-G-0009) for the F404 Component Improvement Program to include engineering and engine system improvement support. The work associated with the project was designated by the contract to be performed in Lynn, Mass., and was projected for December 2012.  The Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Md., was cited as the contracting activity.

The DoD awarded another recent contract to General Electric on February 2nd 2012, designating $7,473,489 worth of modification on F414 aircraft engine. Over 90 percent of the work was specifically designated for Lynn Mass with some subcontracting brought in from Philadelphia. The General Electric Aviation division in Mass seems to perform frame and structural adjustment for aircraft, in addition to engine assembly and development.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

MIT is the twelfth largest academic military contractor in the country and the fourth largest military contractor in the state of Massachusetts. MIT received 217 DoD contracts totaling about $823 million in 2012. Lincoln Laboratory is the primary military researcher and contracted branch of MIT. Lincoln Labs last annual report was released in 2011; however, Lincoln Labs releases a Journal and notes on laboratory research describing the nature of the work being done. Extensive information is therefore available regarding the nature of the development and experimentation being performed above and beyond the details released by the government. Lincoln Lab has 28 facilities, with its primary facility being located in Lexington Mass. Lincoln Lab has two other major facilities in Massachusetts, including an antenna test facility located in Bedford and radar complex in Westford. Lincoln Lab has 36, 000 total personnel, including 1780 technical staff. The current director of Lincoln Labs is Eric D. Evans.

According to a brief produced by Lincoln in 2011, the organization has had an annual operative budget of $870 million for the fiscal year. The similarity of this number to the figure produced by the business press in Boston regarding total MIT revenue from contracts suggests that the vast majority- if not all of MIT defense contracts are given to Lincoln Lab Inc. According to the same brief, 88.57 % of the total budget of Lincoln Lab Inc. accrued from DoD contracts. While no information regarding overall operating budget per fiscal year is available in the annual report or the fact sheets released by Lincoln Lab Inc., all three documents contain a descriptive chart, which breaks DoD funding into separate categories based on sub-department. The bulk of DoD funding came from the air force with 36% of the overall budget being accrued from air force spending. The only other major category of defense funding is ambiguously entitled “other DoD” which provides 17 % of the budget. Lincoln Lab Inc. hands out various subcontracts, which generated revenue for local and national businesses. Unsurprisingly, given the location of most of its facilities and research, Massachusetts is listed as the top recipient revenue from subcontracts with Lincoln Lab spending generating $209.2 million for businesses in the state economy.

American Science and Engineering Inc.

As its name suggests American Science and Engineering Inc. is a technology and engineering company with its corporate headquarters located in Billerica Mass. The company made over $500 million off of over 1,067 awards from the DoD. AS& E additionally receives revenue from law enforcement and several other areas of public sector spending. AS&E’s work for the military mostly involves the research and development of technologies, which detect dirty bombs and other explosives. AS&E’s lists all of its major projects on a catalog on its website, such as the ZBV Military Trailer, an extensive 5 ton x-ray system designed to fit on the back of trailers in military encampments in places like Iraq and Afghanistan. Most of AS& E’s technologies are x-ray surveillance devices used in airports and commercial centers, as a result of sales exchanges with customs and airline agencies in addition to military campsites. In addition to x-rays, AS&E has a specialty in radioactive detection devices, used to identify hided radioactive materials in vehicles and concealed areas. The radioactive technologies are sold as a feature on x-ray and other more standard surveillance systems.

AS& E’s annual report contains some information regarding the company’s finances and revenue. AS&E emphasizes the monetary value of its contracts various government agencies, claiming that 62% of total sales came from contracts with the US government in fiscal year 2012. Overall revenue for sales is somewhat ambiguous according to the report since, AS&E typically has a significant backlog of orders from the previous fiscal year. As of 2012 for instance, AS&E had a sales backlog of $112,045,000 more than half of which, is predicted to be turned into revenue during the current fiscal year. AS&E estimates that it made $203,552 in export sales during fiscal year 2012, with “the “Middle East and North Africa” being listed as the primary recipient of AS&E exports. The report also states that the company employs a mere 415 personnel as of March 31, 2012. Employees of AS&E are required to sign a “non-discloser” agreement and have special clearance. The report implies that most of these employees are performing research and development, although some are involved in marketing and sales.

Draper Labs

Draper Labs is a military research center loosely associated with MIT, and located in Cambridge Mass, although it has several facilities out of state. Overall revenue for Draper Labs was $528 in fiscal year 2011, with $250 in subcontracts, most of which essentially went into the local economy the same year. 93% of Draper’s revenue comes from DoD spending and contracts, with the Navy being the largest contributor with 57% of revenue coming from Navy contracts. Draper claims to have more than 1,400 employees, over 70% of whom have some manor of technical specialization. 43% of Draper technical staff have a Master’s degree, 31% have a Bachelor’s degree and 19% have a PhD. Draper’s workforce is therefore, a highly educated and specialized one, the great majority of whom have a background in computer science and programing. Over 45% of Draper employees are activity performing computer science work, while 18% are performing engineering work.

Draper has a national reputation and performs several critical research and development projects for the military. Some active projects include, missile guidance mechanisms, robotics systems including autonomous air and naval units, biometrics systems, automated target acquisition, and various nanotechnologies, which can be fitted onto existing or perspective air and naval craft. Draper also performs energy research related to nuclear, coal and natural gas power plants, such as autonomous sensors, which would replace manual technologies used today.

The Analytic Science Corporation (TASC)

TASC is an engineering company, and former subsidiary of Northrop Grumman. TASC purports to have more than 5,000 employees in more than 40 national locations. The central corporate headquarters is located out of state in Virginia, however TASC has a major location in Andover Mass. TASC had 424 contracts with the DoD in 2012 resulting in $232 million in revenue. TASC claims its national overall revenue is $1.2 billion in a news release. TASC specializes in data analytics and various forms of software protection used by Homeland Security and the DoD to protect critical information.

Textron Systems

Textron is a technology and engineering corporation specializing in unmanned aircraft, “advanced marine craft” as well as a wide variety of complex software, communication technologies, and smart weapons. Textron receives significant revenue from NASA, Homeland security and the DoD. Textron’s primary corporate headquarters are in Providence, Rode Island, however, it has a sales office headquarters located in Northampton, Mass. Textron claims that it has 32,000 with facilities and branches in 25 different countries. The broader corporation made over $11.3 billion in revenue from fiscal year 2012. Textron Systems is a subsidiary of Textron and accounts for only 17% of total company revenues. Textron Systems made over $262 million in revenues from over 30 DoD contracts in Mass in 2012. Textron Systems lists a variety of services and sub-programs for which it makes a profit, almost all of which cite unmanned aircraft as an area of development and production.

Perini

Tutor Perini is a construction and design company, which accrues most of its revenue from contracts with federal US government agencies, but also has significant business relationships with other privates companies and governments outside of the United States. Perini has specially received major contracts to perform reconstructive projects and logistical support in Haiti via USAID. Perini has also constructed facilities in Iraq and Afghanistan, and is often contracted to perform reconstructive work in the wake of natural disasters. Perini Management Services Inc. is the subsidiary of Tutor Perini located in Framingham Mass, which appears to be the primary corporate headquarters for the entire business unit. Perini Management Health Services was awarded $91.9 million from 25 with the DoD contracts in fiscal year 2012. Perini Management services employs roughly 100 workers and usually fluctuates between 50 to 200 staff, according information that it has released to the business press.

BAE Systems Inc.

BAE Systems Inc. is the US subsidiary of BAE Systems plc. a global defense c and aerospace. BAE Systems plc. has released information specifying that it employ over 83,600 employees globally in such countries as Saudi Arabia, Australia, India, South Africa, Israel and the United Kingdom, in addition to its presence in the United States. 37, 000 of BAE Systems plc. employees are located in the United States, as of 2011. BAE Systems Inc. has several facilities in Massachusetts: BAE Systems “Technology Solutions” is located in Acton; BAE Systems has two additional facilities in Lexington and one in Burlington. These Massachusetts branches and facilities receive significant contracts from a variety of government agencies to develop complex alarm systems, software to combat piracy and communications technology. The Lexington facilities have been in the past to develop thermal weapons technologies which can be fitted onto a variety of weapons and identify targets to fog and other forms of visual obstruction. A $56 million contract to design and provide thermal sights to US army soldiers with signed with BAE Systems in 2011 and seems to have carried in over into fiscal year 2012 with BAE Systems delivering over 10,000 thermal sights in April 2012. BAE Systems Inc. has also been contracted by the Navy and the Department of Homeland Security to provided new software, which will more effectively protect data from hackers. Unlike many other areas of BAE Systems research and development, BAE press releases describes cyber security software has a “dynamic” market. BAE Systems Inc. made $67 million from 180 contracts in 2012, involving avionics, military aircraft and armored vehicles.

Quantech Services Inc.

Quantech Services is a small contractor, which performs cost analysis, fiscal waste and services management for the DoD. Quantech is relatively new, having been founded in 1999, and employs about 350 people almost all of which seem to be located in state. Unlike services other companies, Quantech’s primary corporate are in state, at Lexington Mass. In addition to its financial services, Quantech provides engineering assistance and weapons testing. Quantech specifically focuses on the development of satellite technologies and radar surveillance systems many of which are also developed for the Department of Homeland security. Quantech Services made $62 million from 229 contracts in 2012.

Dynamics Research Corp.

Dynamics Research Corporation is an armament and software research company, with its primary corporate headquarters located in Andover Mass, although its operational headquarters are out of state, in Virginia. According to its last annual report in 2011, overall revenue for DRC was $323, with a funding backlog of $183 million. DRC has not yet released an annual report for fiscal year 2012, however information released to the business press indicates that the company secured 195 contracts generating $60.1 million in revenue that year. DRC is contracted by intelligence agencies. The Department of Homeland Security, the DoD, and civilian companies. Under longstanding contract PRF51 with the government of Massachusetts, for instance, DRC has been brought in to provide training in software application, programing, and other forms of computer and management related instruction. DRC has a least one other major contract with the government of Massachusetts, to develop software and applications which analysis government programs and spending especially around infrastructure. DRC is also contracted by the DoD to provide technological support for the operation of ballistic missile defense systems. According to a recent brief released for its shareholders, DRC has 1,300 employees. Although it has several facilities in a number of different states, the majority of these employees are presumably located in its corporate and operational headquarters.

Oasis Systems

Is an information technology, telecommunications, and data Software Company with a primary corporate headquarters located in Lexington, Mass. Oasis is also contracted by the DoD to manage financial program via its enterprise applications-an array of software which share a common set of tool and programs used to manage financial information. In 2012 Oasis Systems was awarded 336 contracts totaling $45.5 million.

Odyssey Systems

Odyssey Systems is a software and technology company with its major corporate headquarters in Wakefield, Massachusetts. Odyssey Systems specializes in several areas of technical areas relevant to the DoD. Odyssey provides for example, “Avionics Integration” an area of work and technological development which essentially consists of remodeling data, radio and communications technologies associated with aircraft, including the F-15 fighter systems and other fighter jets. Odysseys was originally contracted to develop a joint tactical radio communications systems for the pentagon, an idea intended to revolutionize military communication, however, the project seems to have been unsuccessful and funding was allowed to expire March 2012. Odyssey also designs electronic warfare systems intended to disable or jam enemy radio frequencies. Odyssey received 238 contracts in 2012, totaling $43.5 million.

FLIR Systems

FLIR Systems is a company, which manufactures and designs or infared sensors for the military. Though the main corporate headquarters of FLIR Systems is located in Oregon, FLIR has a major presence in Massachusetts, especially after acquiring Themometrics Inc. another company which manufactures and develops thermal imaging technologies. FLIR Systems has three branches, which distribute its products to three different markets: Government, Commercial and Clinical. Government is by far the largest branch or FLIR with $569 million in annual revenue. FLIR manufactures a wide assortment of technology for military purposes including thermal sights for firearms, thermal sights used by infantry designed to detect explosives, and thermal detection sensors fitted on unmanned aircraft i.e. drones. In 2012 FLIER Systems Massachusetts company received 124 contracts from the DoD totaling $34.1 million.

iRobot Corp

iRobot is a inventive robotics company headquartered in Bedford Mass, IRobot’s primary contribution to military operations is its “packbot”, a small robotics unit utilized in Iraq and Afghanistan to dismantled landmines, carry ammunition and detect incoming explosions. iRobot has also already produced and actively distributes an unmanned naval craft, known as the 1KA Seaglider. The Seaglider is primarily sold to fishermen and sued to compile information regarding weather and temperature patterns, however, it seems that iRobot has decided to militarize this technology and equip it with infared and other sensor relevant to DoD activities. It’s hard not to see iRobot’s Seaglider outside of the pentagon’s much-publicized bib for an unmanned naval fleet. Packbots of course, represent an attempt at the development of a robotic or autonomous infantry. Therefore, the development of autonomous robotic systems for activities previously requiring human labor or oversight, by companies such as iRobot, has become and irreversible contemporary phenomena.

iRobot was initially founded by MIT specialists, in 1990, and now employs “600of the top” professionals in the robotics industry. iRobot also has major branches in California, the UK and China. As of 2011, the company reported $465 in overall revenue. In 2012 iRobot received 94 contracts from the DoD totaling $33.3 million for operations specific to Massachusetts. A recent example of an iRobot contract was it award of a $14,424,220 firm-fixed-price contract.  The award will provide for the procurement of First Look robotic systems, spare part kits and robot accessories.  Work will be performed in Bedford, with an estimated completion date of Aug. 20, 2013.  

Infoscitex Corp

Infoscitex is a technological and engineering company located in Waltham Mass that specializes in a wide variety of programs and capacities used by the military. Infositex’s core areas of research and development engineering include, robotics, thermal and infared, biochemical and communications technologies. Infositex’s robotics development mostly seems to consist of engine development and the attachment of parts to existing models. Infoscitex’s work in regard to nanotechnology and biomedical technology relates to how organic tissue heals and the possibility of “synthesizing” external technologies and human anatomy. In 2012, Infoscitex received 173 contracts totaling $29.5 million in relation to its work in Massachusetts.

Niche. Ariel Inc.

Niche is a parachute delivery system, which receives unsurprisingly, much of it revenue from the Air force. Other than the sale and distribution of these parachute delivery systems, Niche seems to have no other hard industry or research projects. The company however, generated over $ 24.5 million in revenue in 2012, from its Massachusetts based contracts.

Charles River Analytics Inc.

Charles River Analytics is an intelligence and technology company located in Cambridge, Massachusetts that carries out complicated research associated with a variety of DoD investments. Charles River is largely focused on research directly relevant to autonomous systems and robotics technology. Charles River lists “artificial intelligence” as a major area of research in many of its academic reports and publications. In Many ways, Charles River seems to be doing highly original work in relation to other military and defense contractors. Charles River specifically works on what it calls “cognitive systems” a term, which refers to the application of human behavior to robotics mechanism i.e. the replication of uniquely human activities by machines. Charles River Analytics ‘ artificial intelligence research is therefore, pivotal to the development of fully autonomous naval and Ariel units, which so many Massachusetts contractors are researching and developing. In another area of specialty, additional to its cognitive and derision systems research, Charles River’s work developing complex sensors designed to imitate the human visual cortex. Such technology is explicitly designed by Charles River, to be fitted onto drones, and other robotic units developed by the military.

Charles River has a highly educated and specialized work force similar to Draper labs, with most of its workforce having some measure of higher education and expertise in computer science, electric engineering, and “bioinformatics” engineering. Charles River has academic relationship, which allow it access people and resource at several Boston-based universities, such as Brandeis, Harvard, Boston University and most importantly, MIT. While the other three universities listed provided only one laboratory or facility for use by Charles River, MIT provides five including Lincoln Labs. Charles River’s workforce seems largely concentrated in Massachusetts, though its many academic connections and resources would indicate that it has substantial connections out of state. Charles River had 111totaling $21.3 million in 2012.

Aptima Inc.

Aptima Inc. is a technology, engineering and software development and research entity located in Woburn, Massachusetts. Aptima engineers robotics technologies, simulation systems, and gaming systems. Aptima Inc. is interested in what it calls “socio-technical systems” by which they mean models of human behavior and efficiency, examined from a scientific and mathematical perspective. Aptima is therefore, contracted to provide an analytics of workplace efficacy and waste. Aptima Inc. also provides oversight into “human robot relations” in order to strengthen to communications and interaction between humans and robotics systems. Aptima Inc. offers trainings in many of its complex theoretical approaches and designs to consultants and DoD staff. Many of Aptima Inc. systems and technologies are used to make predictions, intended to give U.S military forces strategical advantages directly association with the logistics of it operations, i.e. number of personnel, supplies and funds need to carry out specific missions. N 2011, the company had annual revenue of $22.1 million. In 2012, the Aptima Inc. made $20.9 million almost of which was from defense contracts.

Works Cited

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Annual Report 2012. Rep. General Dynamics, 31 Dec. 2012. Web. 22 Feb. 2013.

"Aptima | Optimizing Performance in Mission-critical Environments." Aptima | Optimizing Performance in Mission-critical Environments. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Mar. 2013.

"Business Solutions." DRC Business Solutions. Dynamics Research Corp., 2011. Web. 25 Mar. 2013.

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Lincoln Labs Annual Report. Rep. MIT, n.d. Web. 1 Mar. 2013.

The New England Defense Industry: Massachusetts Summary. Publication. Donahue Institute, Nov. 2012. Web. Feb.-Mar. 2013.

"News." Raytheon Company: Capabilities. Raytheon, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.

"OASIS." OASIS. Oasis Inc, 2011. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.

"Odyssey Systems Consulting Group." Odyssey Systems Consulting Group. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.

"On Supporting Our Sponsors' Missions through Innovative Concept Development, and Field Deployment of High-value Engineering Solutions." Welcome to Draper Laboratory. Draper Laboratory, 2011. Web. 5 Mar. 2013.

"Our Company." About Textron:. Textron Inc, 2004-12. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.

"Research & Development." - American Science & Engineering. American Science and Engineering, 2013. Web. 5 Mar. 2013.

Resende, Patricia. "Top 20 Largest Defense Contractors." Top 20 Largest Defense Contractors (slide Show). Boston Business Journal, 11 Jan. 2013. Web. 20 Feb. 2013.

Resende, Patricia. Editorial. iRobot's Angle Shares More than Revenue Numbers. Boston Business Journal, Feb.-Mar. 2012. Web. 15 Mar. 2013.

Textron Annual Report. Rep. Textron Inc, 29 Dec. 2012. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.

"Thermal Imaging, CBRNE Detection and Integrated Surveillance Systems." FLIR Thermal Imaging, Night Vision and Infrared Camera Systems. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Mar. 2013.

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