Here attached are are thesis abstracts on



Here attached are are thesis abstracts on

1. comparing dyslexia students with those who are not;

2. different teaching strategies used to help them.

|系統編號: |

|092CYCU5071009 |

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|出版年: |

|- |

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|研究生: |

|黃芸 |

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|學號: |

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|論文名稱: |

|中文閱讀障礙研究 — 以國中小學生為例 |

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|指導教授: |

|鄭谷苑 Tzeng, Angela Ku-Yuan |

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|學位類別: |

|碩士 |

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|校院名稱: |

|中原大學 |

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|系所名稱: |

|心理學研究所 |

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|學年度: |

|92 |

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|語文別: |

|中文 |

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|論文頁數: |

|161 |

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|開放範圍: |

|網際網路 |

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|中文關鍵字: |

|語音區分性假說 ,閱讀障礙 ,拼字缺陷 ,語音缺陷 |

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|英文關鍵字: |

|orthographic defecit ,dyslexia ,phonological deficit ,phonological representation distinctness hypothesis |

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| |

|[摘要] |

|摘要 |

|發展性閱讀障礙是指有正常的智力以及學習機會,但是仍無法獲得其年齡對等的閱讀技巧者。許多不同來源的證據指出語音的缺陷例如語音覺|

|識、語音的短期記憶是拼音文字系統中閱讀障礙的形成原因,除此之外,連結論以及雙缺陷理論也暗示了拼字的缺陷也可能造成識字的困難。|

|而本研究者認為中文的閱讀障礙也同樣有這兩種主要的缺陷—即語音及拼字缺陷,其中語音的缺陷是來自於深層的語音表徵,而拼字的缺陷和 |

|唸名速度緩慢有關,並且可能作用在部件與部件的視覺連結當中。我們比較在排除智力的影響後,三組受試者(D組、RL組、CA組)在六個實 |

|驗上的表現來驗證中文閱讀障礙的語音及拼字缺陷,其中D組代表閱讀障礙組,RL組代表閱讀能力控制組,CA組代表年齡控制組。 |

|實驗一及實驗二檢驗有關語音的缺陷。實驗一要驗證閱讀障礙的語音缺陷是否源自於語音表徵的不夠清楚,而實驗結果顯示在700毫秒的相似 |

|音情境下,D組的反應時間及正確率顯著低於其他兩組正常控制組,因此驗證了閱讀障礙對於相似音之間的區分性表徵不足的想法。實驗二要 |

|驗證閱讀障礙內在的相似音表徵之間的連結是觸發大於抑制的,因而導致在辨識中文字的歷程中產生錯誤的語意。雖然實驗二的結果顯示D組 |

|的反應形態和其他兩組正常組沒有顯著差異,但是這需要後續的研究來探討。 |

|實驗三包含四種唸名速度的測驗—物件、數字、注音及顏色。實驗三發現D組和RL組之間在四種唸名速度測驗上都沒有顯著差異,但是在物件、|

|數字及注音唸名上顯著慢於CA組。 |

|實驗四、實驗五以及實驗六是有關拼字缺陷的實驗。實驗四是組字規則測驗,結果發現三組在組字規則上沒有顯著差異,這表示大部分的閱讀|

|障礙沒有組字規則的缺陷。實驗五是同音異字測驗,結果在正確率上為CA組 >RL組 > |

|D組。實驗六為視覺部件連結實驗,該實驗包含兩種刺激材料—合法假字及沒有意義的圖形,實驗結果發現D組在視覺連結的確有顯著的缺陷, |

|而這種缺陷並不侷限在文字上。在排除智力因素後,視覺連結實驗以及唸名速度測驗間的淨相關顯示閱讀障礙的視覺連結缺陷與緩慢的唸名速|

|度有關。 |

|根據上述的六個實驗,我們認為中文的閱讀障礙存在有語音及拼字的缺陷,其中語音的缺陷是來自於語音表徵之間的區分性不足,而拼字缺陷|

|作用在部件及部件的視覺連結上。 |

|Abstract |

| |

|Developmental dyslexia is the failure to acquire age-appropriate reading skills despite adequate intelligence and education |

|opportunity. Many sources of evidence pointed out that phonological deficits, such as phonological awareness and |

|phonological short term memory, are causes underlying dyslexia in alphabetic writing system. Nevertheless, both |

|connectionist models and double deficits theory imply that orthographic deficit could cause failure to word recognition. We |

|argue that dyslexia in Mandarin would also have two major problems —phonological deficit and orthographic deficit. |

|Phonological deficit is due to indistinctness in phonological representation. Orthographic deficit is related to slow naming|

|and affect visual association of radicals. Keep intelligence constant, we compared three groups (D、RL、CA)in six |

|experiments to test phonological and orthographic deficit in Mandarin dyslexia. Among them group D represents dyslexia, |

|group RL represents reading level control, and group CA represents chronological-age control. |

|Study 1 and study 2 are designed to test phonological deficits. Study 1 examined whether the phonological deficit of |

|dyslexia is due to the lack of the distinctness of phonological representations. The results indicated that response |

|latencies and accuracy of group D are significantly lower than two control groups in the 700ms semi-homophone condition. |

|Therefore we argued that the distinctness between similar phonological representations are insufficient for dyslexia. Study |

|2 tested the connections of similar phonological representations are more activated than inhibited in dyslexia and this |

|results in semantic mistakes in the process of Mandarin characters recognition. Though the result of study 2 indicated that |

|the response latencies pattern of group D was not significantly different from the two control groups, further researches |

|are needed before conclusion can be made。 |

|Study 3 consisted of four measures of serial naming speed—objects、digits、zhu yin and colors. We found that group D was not|

|significantly slower than group RL on four naming tasks but significantly slower than group CA on object、digits and zhu yin|

|naming. |

|Study 4、study 5 and study 6 are about orthographic deficits. Study 4 investigated the rules of radicals-combination. We |

|found that there is no significant difference among three groups on this task. It means that most dyslexia have no deficits |

|in rules of radicals-combination. Study 5 is a homophone test. The result indicated group CA> group RL> group D on |

|accuracy. Study 6 is visual radical association experiment. It contains two kinds of materials — persudowords and nonsense |

|figures. The results indicated group D has specific deficits in visual association and this deficit is not bond to words. |

|After partialing out the intelligence scores, the correlation of visual association and measures of naming speed indicated |

|that visual association deficit of dyslexia is related to slow naming. |

|According to these six experiments, we therefore argue that Mandarin dyslexia demonstrates the phonological deficit and the |

|orthographic deficit. The phonological deficit possibly results from indistinctness of phonological representation;whereas |

|orthographic deficit affect visual association of radicals. |

|[ 論文目次 ] |

|目錄 |

|中文摘要----------------------------------------------------- I |

|英文摘要----------------------------------------------------- II |

|誌謝辭------------------------------------------------------- IV |

|目錄--------------------------------------------------------- V |

|表目錄------------------------------------------------------- VII |

|圖目錄------------------------------------------------------- IX |

|第一章 緒 論--------------------------------------------- 1 |

|第二章 文獻探討--------------------------------------------- 6 |

|第一節 發展性閱讀障礙的研究--------------------------------------- 6 |

|壹、什麼是發展性閱讀障礙------------------------------------ 6 |

|貳、發展性閱讀障礙的缺陷來源-------------------------------- 7 |

|第二節 |

|文字辨識模式對閱讀障礙的分類---雙路徑理論及連結論的不同看法及分類----------------------------------------------------- 10 |

|壹、什麼是雙路徑理論---------------------------------------- 10 |

|貳、雙路徑理論的閱讀障礙分類-------------------------------- 11 |

|參、雙路徑理論分類的問題------------------------------------ 13 |

|肆、什麼是連結論-------------------------------------------- 17 |

|伍、連結論與雙缺陷理論對有關閱讀問題的爭論------------------ 18 |

|陸、連結論與雙路徑理論對發展性閱讀障礙看法的不同------------ 22 |

|柒、連結論對閱讀障礙的模擬---------------------------------- 24 |

|捌、研究者選擇連結論的原因---------------------------------- 37 |

|第三節 雙缺陷理論和連結論的共同點--------------------------------- 39 |

|壹、什麼是雙缺陷理論---------------------------------------- 39 |

|貳、雙缺陷理論和連結論的共同點------------------------------ 50 |

|第四節 語音區分性假說--------------------------------------------- 53 |

|第五節 中文的閱讀障礙--------------------------------------------- 56 |

|壹、國外有關閱讀障礙研究的啟示------------------------------ 56 |

|貳、中文語音覺識能力與閱讀的相關研究------------------------ 59 |

|參、拼字缺陷在學習中文識字歷程可能造成的影響---------------- 65 |

|肆、我們的測驗與實驗---------------------------------------- 69 |

|第三章 研究方法與結果討論---------------------------------- 74 |

|第一節 受試者的篩選----------------------------------------------- 74 |

|第二節 三類實驗------------------------------------------- 76 |

|壹、語音部分------------------------------------------------ 77 |

|貳、唸名速度部分-------------------------------------------- 93 |

|参、拼字部分------------------------------------------------ 96 |

|第四章 綜合討論-------------------------------------------- 121 |

|壹、問題與討論----------------------------------------------- 126 |

|貳、本研究的限制與未來的研究方向---------------------------- 140 |

|參考文獻----------------------------------------------------- 143 |

|附錄一:驗ㄧ「相似音gating區辨實驗」刺激材料-------------------------- 153 |

|附錄二:實驗二「相似音觸發實驗」刺激材料------------------------------ 154 |

|附錄三:實驗五「同音異字測驗」題目------------------------------------ 155 |

|附錄四:實驗五同音異字測驗主試者指導語-------------------------------- 158 |

|附錄五:實驗六「視覺部件連結實驗」刺激材料--------------------------- 160 |

| |

|表目錄 |

|表1 :比較語音損傷的模擬和Manis等人(1996)的閱讀障礙行為研究資料---- 32 |

|表2 :連結論對「語音型閱讀障礙」的模擬-------------------------------- 33 |

|表3 :連結論對「遲緩型閱讀障礙」的模擬--------------------------------- 36 |

|表4 :雙缺陷假說的分類------------------------------------------------- 41 |

|表5 |

|:連結論中「遲緩型」閱障的模擬方式以及唸名速度缺陷的假設一「拼字」的比較表--------------------------------------------------|

|------ |

|51 |

|表6 :拼字缺陷在中文識字可能造成的錯誤型態----------------------------- 69 |

|表7 :本研究的假設、實驗或測驗以及統計分析------------------------------ 73 |

|表8 :三組受試者的基本資料--------------------------------------------- 75 |

|表9 -1:相似音gating區辨實驗的實驗設計(受試者內部分)-------------------- 78 |

|表9 -2:三組受試者在相似音gating區辨實驗的敘述統計---------------------- 79 |

|表9 -3:智力未做共變的相似音區辨的變異數摘要表--------------------------- 81 |

|表9 -4:加入智力作共變項的相似音區辨的變異數摘要表----------------------- 83 |

|表9 -5:智力作共變後三組學生相似音gating區辨實驗反應速率的敘述統計------ 84 |

|表9 -6:智力共變後的相似音gating區辨實驗反應速率的變異數摘要表---------- 85 |

|表9 -7:相似音gating區辨實驗反應時間的「呈現時間與組別」交互作用說明表--- 86 |

|表9 -8:相似音gating區辨實驗不同情境下的組別多重比較整理---------------- 88 |

|表10-1:相似音觸發實驗的敘述統計---------------------------------------- 90 |

|表10-2:相似音觸發實驗的變異數摘要表------------------------------------ 91 |

|表11-1:四種唸名速度的三組敘述統計表------------------------------------ 94 |

|表11-2:四種唸名速度下的組別多重比較整理表------------------------------ 95 |

|表12-1:三組學生在組字規則測驗的敘述統計-------------------------------- 99 |

|表13-1:同音異字實驗設計(受試者內部分)---------------------------------- 101 |

|表13-2:三組學生在同音異字測驗的敘述統計-------------------------------- 101 |

|表13-3:智力共變後的同音異字測驗的變異數摘要表-------------------------- 103 |

|表13-4:同音異字測驗「意義有無重疊」下的組別多重比較表-------------------- 104 |

|表13-5:同音異字測驗「有無相同部件」下的組別多重比較表-------------------- 105 |

|表13-6:部件變項下的意義比較-------------------------------------------- 106 |

|表13-7:同音異字測驗不同情境下的組別比較表------------------------------ 107 |

|表13-8:三組學生在意義及部件變項上的表現-------------------------------- 108 |

|表14-1:假字正確率的敘述統計-------------------------------------------- 111 |

|表14-2:假字正確率的變異數摘要表---------------------------------------- 112 |

|表14-3:假字反應速率的敘述統計表---------------------------------------- 113 |

|表14-4:假字反應速率的變異數摘要表-------------------------------------- 114 |

|表14-5:圖形正確率的敘述統計表------------------------------------------ 114 |

|表14-6 :圖形正確率的變異數摘要表--------------------------------------- 115 |

|表14-7 :圖形正確率的「呈現次數與組別」交互作用說明表--------------------- 116 |

|表14-8 :圖形反應率的敘述統計表----------------------------------------- 117 |

|表14-9 :圖形反應速率的變異數摘要表------------------------------------- 118 |

|表14-10:全體學生視覺連結實驗與唸名速度之間的兩兩淨相關----------------- 119 |

|表14-11:D組學生視覺連結實驗與唸名速度之間的兩兩淨相關------------------ 119 |

|表14-12:RL組學生視覺連結實驗與唸名速度之間的兩兩淨相關----------------- 119 |

|表14-13:CA組學生視覺連結實驗與唸名速度之間的兩兩淨相關----------------- 119 |

|表15 :三組參與者在六個實驗上的結果總整理-------------------------------------------- 125 |

| |

| |

|圖目錄 |

|圖1 :使用「CA組」以較不嚴格的分類方式(soft subtype)來分類閱讀障礙--- 13 |

|圖2 |

|:「表層型閱讀障礙」(Surf)和「較年輕的RL組」(Yn)展現出相似的閱讀型態----------------------------------------------------|

|------- |

|15 |

|圖3 :詞彙處理的一般架構--------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 |

|圖4 :語音的attractor 網路的結構-------------------------------------- 26 |

|圖5 |

|:「輕度語音損傷」模擬的假字表現(左圖)有顯著的下降,而例外字的閱讀表現(右圖)未受影響------------------------------------|

|--------- |

|27 |

|圖6 |

|:「中度語音損傷」模擬的假字表現(左圖)比輕度損傷再下降,而例外字(右圖)也開始受到影響------------------------------------|

|------------ |

|27 |

|圖7 |

|:「重度語音損傷」模擬的假字表現(左圖)表現的正確率非常低,例外字也表現的很差(右圖),形成嚴重的混合型閱讀障礙------------|

|--------- |

|28 |

|圖8 :對字詞meat, treat, 及eat在隱藏層單元激發的平均差異------------- 29 |

|圖9 :對假字geat, 以及字詞meat, treat, 及eat在隱藏層單元激發的平均差異---- 29 |

|圖10 :連結論正常與語音損傷模式語音辨識曲線的比較(左圖),右圖是Werker |

|與 Tees(1987)的資料-------------------------------------------- |

|31 |

|圖11 :正常的模式以及語音損傷的模式,其預測的以及觀察的區辨值---------- 31 |

|圖12 :正常的模式(Sn)、語音損傷模式(phon)以及遲緩表層型模式(Delay) |

|1.5百萬次字詞的呈現的表現,還有正常的模式在0.5百萬次字詞呈現 |

|表現(Yn)------------------------------------------------------ |

|34 |

|圖13 :學習速率較低的模擬,例外字的表現(右圖)比假字(左圖)影響更大--- 34 |

|圖14 :降低隱藏層單元數目在假字(左圖)及例外字(右圖)的效果---------- 35 |

|圖15 :字母快速唸名的例子---------------------------------------------- 40 |

|圖16 :字母刺激視覺唸名的模式------------------------------------------ 42 |

|圖17 :唸名速度與閱讀失敗連結與拼字缺陷的部分重疊---------------------- 59 |

|圖18 :語音損傷模式圖 及 正常的模式------------------------------------ 70 |

|圖19 :五度制調值標記法------------------------------------------------ 78 |

|圖20-1:三組受試者在相似音gating區辨實驗的敘述統計圖-------------------- 80 |

|圖20-2:智力作共變後三組學生相似音gating區辨實驗反應速率的敘述統計圖---- 84 |

|圖20-3:相似音gating區辨實驗「相似音」情境下三種呈現時間的答對題數圖----- 87 |

|圖20-4:相似音gating區辨實驗三組學生在「呈現時間為700豪秒」的答對題數 |

|圖------------------------------------------------------------- |

|88 |

|圖21 :相似音觸發實驗的敘述統計圖-------------------------------------- 91 |

|圖22-1:數字唸名示例---------------------------------------------------- 94 |

|圖22-2:三組學生在四種唸名速度測驗的表現圖------------------------------ 95 |

|圖23-1:同音異字測驗「意義有無重疊」下的組別多重比較圖------------------ 104 |

|圖23-2:同音異字測驗「有無相同部件」下的組別多重比較圖----------------- 105 |

|圖23-3:部件變項下的意義比較圖----------------------------------------- 106 |

|圖24-1:假字正確率的敘述統計圖----------------------------------------- 111 |

|圖24-2:假字反應速率的敘述統計圖--------------------------------------- 113 |

|圖24-3:圖形正確率的敘述統計圖----------------------------------------- 115 |

|圖24-4:圖形反應速率的敘述統計圖--------------------------------------- 117 |

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|Manuscript submitted for publication. |

|系統編號: |

|094NTCTC284022 |

| |

|出版年: |

|95 |

| |

|研究生: |

|陳昭蓉 |

| |

|學號: |

|NSE092102 |

| |

|論文名稱: |

|分享式閱讀教學對國小閱讀障礙學童寫作能力之研究 |

| |

|指導教授: |

|王木榮 Wang, Mu-Jung |

| |

|學位類別: |

|碩士 |

| |

| |

|校院名稱: |

|國立台中教育大學 |

| |

| |

|系所名稱: |

|特殊教育與輔助科技研究所 |

| |

| |

|學年度: |

|94 |

| |

| |

|語文別: |

|中文 |

| |

| |

|論文頁數: |

|163 |

| |

| |

|開放範圍: |

|不開放 |

| |

| |

|中文關鍵字: |

|分享式閱讀教學 ,繪本 ,閱讀障礙 ,寫作 ,研究者 ,教學法 ,實驗組 ,回饋單 ,變數 |

| |

| |

|英文關鍵字: |

|shared book reading instructionreading ,disabilities ,picture book ,writing ability |

| |

| |

|[摘要] |

|摘要 |

|本研究旨在探討分享式閱讀教學對國小閱讀障礙學生寫作之成效,以及了解實驗組學生對分享式閱讀教學法的看法。 |

|本研究採不等組前後測設計,以南投縣某國小十四位閱讀障礙者為研究對象,隨機分派一組為實驗組,一組為控制組。兩組均接受「國小兒童|

|書寫語文能力診斷測驗」、「兒童作文」前測、後測。經過二十四節課實驗教學後,將實驗資料進行統計分析,以前測分數和智力為共變數,|

|對十四位研究對象進行單因子共變數分析,最後再進行「分享式閱讀教學回饋單」了解實驗組學生對分享式閱讀教學法的意見。 |

|茲將本研究結果陳述如下: |

|一、二組受試學生在「兒童書寫語文能力測驗」的「用字能力」達顯著差異,「作文產品」、「文意層次」未達顯著差異。 |

|二、二組受試學生在「兒童作文能力測驗」的「總分」、「文章結構」有顯著差異,另外「內容思想」和「語句修辭」並未達顯著差異。 |

|三、實驗組學生對分享式閱讀教學法持正面態度,認為對於語詞和寫作技巧的學習很有幫助,且能運用於看圖作文和一般寫作。 |

|研究者乃根據上述的研究結果加以討論並提出建議,以做為教育應用及未來研究的參考。 |

|Abstract |

|The purpose of this study was to research the shared-book reading instruction on the writing of the elementary students with|

|reading disabilities and to understand the experimental group students’thoughts forward the Shared-book Reading Instruction.|

|The method of the study was the pretest-posttest non-equivalent groups design. The subjects of the study were fourteen |

|students with reading disabilities from an elementary school in Nantou County. The subjets were randomly divided into two |

|groups, an experimental group and a control group. Both groups were taken pretest, posttest and tracing test of “Written |

|Language Ability Diagnostic Test for Children” and “Writing Ability Test”. After twenty –four hours of experimental |

|instruction, ANCOVA,with the pretest scores and the intelligence as covariance, was used to analyze the collected data. |

|Afterward a questionnaire of students’ comment on the shared-book reading instruction was collected and analyzed. |

|The results of this study indicated as follows: |

|1. There was a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in using word ability, but not |

|yet in writing productivity and syntax. |

|2. The significant differences between the experimental group and the control group were the total scores, and the text |

|structure. Although there was not significant difference in the text and rhetoric, the average scores of the experimental |

|group were higher than the control group. |

|3. The students in the experimental group had positive attitude toward the Shared-book Reading Instruction. They believed it|

|was useful helpful for lexicon and writing skill. Furthermore, it could be used in composition- |

|writing via pictures and general writing. |

|Finally, according to the results of this study, some suggestions were proposed for the elementary school teachers and the |

|future research. |

|[ 論文目次 ] |

|中文摘要…………………………………………………………………………i |

|英文摘要…………………………………………………………………………ii |

|誌謝………………………………………………………………………………iii |

|目 次……………………………………………………………………………iv |

|表 次……………………………………………………………………………vi |

|圖 次……………………………………………………………………………vii |

|第一章 緒論 |

|第一節 研究動機 1 |

|第二節 研究目的與問題假設 5 |

|第三節 重要名詞解釋 7 |

|第二章 文獻探討 |

|第一節 閱讀障礙的定義與特徵 9 |

|第二節 閱讀障礙學生寫作能力探討 15 |

|第三節 圖畫書與寫作的關係與運用 19 |

|第四節 分享式閱讀教學 22 |

|第五節 分享式閱讀教學的相關研究 31 |

|第三章 研究方法與步驟 |

|第一節 研究樣本 39 |

|第二節 研究教材與工具 44 |

|第三節 教學設計 49 |

|第四節 實驗設計與研究步驟 52 |

|第五節 資料處理與分析 56 |

|第四章 結果與討論 |

|第一節 兒童書寫語文能力測驗結果與討論 57 |

|第二節 兒童作文能力測驗結果與討論 62 |

|第三節 分享式閱讀教學後學童閱讀回饋單 67 |

|第五章 結論與建議 |

|第一節 結論 69 |

|第二節 建議 72 |

|第三節 研究限制 75 |

|參考書目 |

|一、中文部分 76 |

|二、英文部份 86 |

|附錄 |

|附錄一 教師推薦表 93 |

|附錄二 寫作評分表 94 |

|附錄三 寫作評分表評分說明 95 |

|附錄四 使用寫作評分表以及寫作評分表評分說明同意書 100 |

|附錄五 分享式閱讀教學教案 101 |

|附錄六 實驗組家長同意書 149 |

|附錄七 控制組家長同意書 150 |

|附錄八 分享式閱讀教學後學童閱讀回饋單……………………………151 |

|附錄九 實驗組兒童作文能力測驗後測成果 152 |

|表目次 |

|表2-1 有效朗讀故事書的原則…………………………………………………27 |

|表2-2 分享式閱讀教學對語文能力影響之相關研究…………………………32 |

|表2-3 分享式閱讀教學對態度相關研究………………………………………36 |

|表3-1 推薦學生的基本資料施測結果和篩選結果……………………………41 |

|表3-2 實驗組和控制組學生基本資料…………………………………………43 |

|表3-3 分享式閱讀教學圖畫書教材評分結果…………………………………46 |

|表3-4 分享式閱讀教學圖畫書教材……………………………………………47 |

|表3-5 本研究的實驗設計計畫…………………………………………………52 |

|表4-1 兩組學生「兒童書寫語文測驗前測」各項得分與標準差……………57 |

|表4-2兩組學生「兒童書寫語文測驗後測」各項平均數、標準差與調整平均數…………………………………………………………………………..… 58 |

|表4-3兩組學生「兒童書寫語文測驗」各分項迴歸係數同質性檢定摘要… 58 |

|表4-4 兩組學生「兒童書寫語文測驗」各分項之共變數分析摘要………. 59 |

|表4-5兩組學生「作文評量表總分測」的平均數與標準差………………… 62 |

|表4-6兩組學生「作文評量表總分後測」平均數、標準差與調整平均數… 62 |

|表4-7兩組學生「作文評量表」總分迴歸係數同質性檢定摘要…………… 63 |

|表4-8 兩組學生「作文評量表」總分之共變數分析摘要…………………… 63 |

|表4-9兩組學生「作文評量表前測」各分項平均數與標準差…………………63 |

|表4-10兩組學生「作文評量表後測」各分項平均數、標準差與調整平均數64 |

|表4-11兩組學生「作文評量表」各分項迴歸係數同質性檢定摘要…………64 |

|表4-12兩組學生「作文評量表」各分項之共變數分析摘要…………………65 |

|表4-13分享式閱讀教學後學童閱讀回饋單……………………………………68 |

|圖目次 |

|圖2-1 D. Holdaway全語言自然學習教室模型 22 |

|圖3-1 分享式閱讀教學空間規劃 50 |

|圖3-2 研究步驟 55 |

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|系統編號: |

|092NTPTC284001 |

| |

|出版年: |

|2003 |

| |

|研究生: |

|黃瓊儀 |

| |

|學號: |

|9039008 |

| |

|論文名稱: |

|不同閱讀理解策略教學對國小閱讀理解障礙學生教學成效之研究 |

| |

|指導教授: |

|楊宗仁 Tsung-Ren Yang |

| |

|學位類別: |

|碩士 |

| |

| |

|校院名稱: |

|國立台北師範學院 |

| |

| |

|系所名稱: |

|特殊教育學系碩士班 |

| |

| |

|學年度: |

|92 |

| |

| |

|語文別: |

|中文 |

| |

| |

|論文頁數: |

|218 |

| |

| |

|開放範圍: |

|網際網路 |

| |

| |

|中文關鍵字: |

|閱讀障礙 ,文章結構分析策略 ,提問策略 ,摘要策略 ,閱讀理解 |

| |

| |

|英文關鍵字: |

|reading disabilities ,story grammar ,question-generating ,summarizing ,reading comprehension |

| |

| |

|[摘要] |

|摘 要 |

|本研究旨在探討不同包裹之閱讀理解策略教學對於國小六年級 |

|閱讀理解障礙學生閱讀理解能力之影響。研究採用的閱讀理解策略教學包裹包括以下三種:文章結構分析策略(B)、文章結構分析策略加上 |

|提問策略(BC)、文章結構分析策略加上摘要策略(BD)。 |

|本研究採用單一受試實驗研究法之多重處理設計(multiple |

|treatment |

|design),以台北市某國小身心障礙資源班二名六年級閱讀理解障礙學生為對象,本研究以故事體文章為閱讀材料對學生進行閱讀理解評量,|

|所得的資料將做目視分析、t考驗,目的在比較不同包裹之閱讀理解策略對學生閱讀理解之影響。 |

|本研究結果顯示: |

|一、各階段的文章結構評量分數並沒有達到顯著差異水準,因此無法顯示 |

|哪一種閱讀包裹策略可以明顯提升受試者的文章結構能力。 |

|二、各階段的提問評量分數雖有達到顯著差異水準,但未達到實驗複製的 |

|效果,因此無法顯示哪一種閱讀包裹策略可以明顯提升受試者的提問 |

|能力。 |

|三、文章結構分析策略加上摘要策略教學對提升二位受試者的重點大 |

|意摘取能力顯著優於文章結構分析策略加上提問策略教學。 |

|四、各階段的自由回憶內容命題評量分數雖有部分達到顯著差異水準,但 |

|未達到實驗複製的效果,因此無法顯示哪一種閱讀包裹策略可以明顯 |

|提升受試者的命題能力。 |

|研究者並根據研究結果與限制,提出閱讀理解障礙兒童教學及未 |

|來研究方面的建議。 |

|關鍵字:閱讀障礙、文章結構分析策略、提問策略、摘要策略、閱讀 |

|理解 |

|The Effects of Different Reading Comprehension Strategy Interventions on the Reading Comprehension of Elementary Students |

|with Reading Disabilities |

|Abstract |

|The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of different reading strategy interventions on the reading |

|comprehension of two six-grade elementary school students with reading disabilities. Reading comprehension strategies |

|adopted in this study included story grammar, question-generating, and summarizing. The multiple treatment design was |

|adopted in this study. |

|The scores of story grammar, question-generating, summarizing, and text propositions from free recall measured the effects |

|of interventions. The data were analyzed using visual analysis and t statistics to test the effects of different reading |

|strategy interventions. |

|The major findings were summarized as follows: |

|1.The subjects’scores on recalling story grammar did not have significant differences between different reading strategy |

|interventions. |

|2. The subjects’scores on question-generating did not have significant differences between different reading strategy |

|interventions. |

|3.The subjects'' scores on summarizing showed significant differences between the stage of story grammar analysis strategy |

|plus summarizing strategy and the stage of story grammar analysis strategy plus question-generating strategy. |

|4. The subjects'' scores on free recall proposition did not have significant differences between different reading strategy |

|interventions. |

|Finally, suggestions for teaching and future studies, based on the results and limits of this study were discussed. |

|Key words:reading disabilities, story grammar, question-generating, summarizing, reading comprehension. |

|[ 論文目次 ] |

|目 錄 |

|目 錄---------------------------------------------------------Ι |

|表 次------------------------------------------------------- IV |

|圖 次------------------------------------------------------- VI |

|第一章 緒論--------------------------------------------------1 |

|第一節 研究動機------------------------------------------1 |

|第二節 研究目的與研究假設--------------------------------4 |

|第三節 名詞釋意------------------------------------------6 |

|第二章 理論基礎與文獻探討-----------------------------------9 |

|第一節 閱讀理解的理論------------------------------------9 |

|第二節 文章結構分析策之理論及研究-----------------------16 |

|第三節 提問策略之理論與研究-----------------------------26 |

|第四節 摘要策略之理論與研究-----------------------------33 |

|第三章 研究方法--------------------------------------------41 |

|第一節 研究架構-----------------------------------------41 |

|第二節 研究對象---------------------------------------------42 |

|第三節 研究工具-----------------------------------------49 |

|第四節 研究設計-----------------------------------------57 |

|第五節 研究程序-----------------------------------------58 |

|第六節 資料處理與分析-----------------------------------67 |

|第四章 研究結果-------------------------------------------73 |

|第一節 文章結構評量資料分析-------------------------------77 |

|第二節 提問評量資料分析-----------------------------------91 |

|第三節 重點大意摘取評量資料分析--------------------------106 |

|第四節 自由回憶內容命題評量資料分析----------------------121 |

|第五節 綜合討論------------------------------------------135 |

|第五章 研究結論與建議------------------------------------151 |

|第一節 結果----------------------------------------------151 |

|第二節 研究限制------------------------------------------154 |

|第三節 建議----------------------------------------------155 |

|參考書目--------------------------------------------------157 |

|一、中文部分----------------------------------------------157 |

|二、英文部分----------------------------------------------163 |

|附錄-------------------------------------------------------172 |

|附錄一-1 受試甲魏氏兒童智力量表分測驗剖面圖--------------172 |

|附錄一-2 受試乙魏氏兒童智力量表分測驗剖面圖--------------173 |

|附錄二 閱讀理解策略指導手冊----------------------------174 |

|附錄三-1 字彙評量計分紙舉例1-----------------------------187 |

|附錄三-2 字彙評量計分紙舉例2-----------------------------188 |

|附錄四 自由回憶逐字稿----------------------------------189 |

|附錄五-1 自由回憶內容命題評量之評分標準舉例1-------------190 |

|附錄五-2 自由回憶內容命題評量之評分標準舉例2-------------191 |

|附錄六-1 自由回憶逐字稿之計分實例1-----------------------192 |

|附錄六-2 自由回憶逐字稿之計分實例2-----------------------194 |

|附錄七-1 提問評量之計分實例1-----------------------------196 |

|附錄七-2 提問評量之計分實例2-----------------------------197 |

|附錄八-1 重點大意摘取評量之評分標準舉例1-----------------198 |

|附錄八-2 重點大意摘取評量之評分標準舉例2-----------------199 |

|附錄九-1 重點大意摘取評量之計分實例1---------------------200 |

|附錄九-2 重點大意摘取評量之計分實例2---------------------201 |

|附錄十-1 閱讀理解策略教學教案----------------------------202 |

|附錄十-2 文章結構分析策略教學教案------------------------204 |

|附錄十-3 「文章結構分析策略」加上「提問策略」教學教案-----206 |

|附錄十-4 「文章結構分析策略」加上「摘要策略」教學教案-----209 |

|附錄十一 程序信度檢核表----------------------------------212 |

|附錄十二-1 受試乙在三種閱讀理解策略學習發展情形之說明----213 |

|附錄十二-2 受試乙在三種閱讀理解策略學習發展之舉例說明----215 |

|附錄十三 閱讀小組家長同意函----------------------------218 |

|表 次 |

|表2-1-1 閱讀障礙的特徵-----------------------------------11 |

|表2-1-2 閱讀理解障礙兒童教學相關研究---------------------12 |

|表2-2-1 故事結構之比較-----------------------------------22 |

|表2-2-2 文章結構分析策略教學的相關研究-------------------24 |

|表2-3 提問策略教學的相關研究---------------------------30 |

|表2-4 摘要策略教學的相關研究---------------------------36 |

|表3-1-1 受試甲基本資料-----------------------------------43 |

|表3-1-2 受試乙基本資料-----------------------------------44 |

|表3-1-3 二位受試者的字彙評量正確率-----------------------46 |

|表3-2 五十二篇文章之總字數及內容命題數-----------------50 |

|表3-3 文章結構評分標準---------------------------------52 |

|表3-4 提問評量計分標準---------------------------------53 |

|表3-5 評量次數與實驗進度對照表-------------------------60 |

|表3-6 二位受試在各項評量之信度考驗---------------------70 |

|表4-1 受試甲各項評量資料-------------------------------73 |

|表4-2 受試乙各項評量資料-------------------------------75 |

|表4-1-1 受試甲文章結構評量分析摘要表---------------------78 |

|表4-1-2 受試甲文章結構評量之t考驗摘要表-----------------79 |

|表4-1-3 受試乙文章結構評量分析摘要表---------------------85 |

|表4-1-4 受試乙文章結構評量之t考驗摘要表-----------------86 |

|表4-2-1 受試甲提問評量分析摘要表-------------------------93 |

|表4-2-2 受試甲提問評量之t考驗摘要表---------------------94 |

|表4-2-3 受試乙提問評量分析摘要表------------------------100 |

|表4-2-4 受試乙提問評量之t考驗摘要表--------------------101 |

|表4-3-1 受試甲重點大意摘取評量分析摘要表----------------108 |

|表4-3-2 受試甲重點大意摘取評量之t考驗摘要表------------109 |

|表4-3-3 受試乙重點大意摘取評量分析摘要表-----------------115 |

|表4-3-4 受試乙重點大意摘取評量之t考驗摘要表-------------116 |

|表4-4-1 受試甲自由回憶內容命題評量分析摘要表-------------123 |

|表4-4-2 受試甲自由回憶內容命題之t考驗摘要表-------------124 |

|表4-4-3 受試乙自由回憶內容命題評量分析摘要表-------------130 |

|表4-4-4 受試乙自由回憶內容命題評量之t考驗摘要表---------131 |

|圖 次 |

|圖2-2-1 Rumelhart的故事結構圖----------------------------17 |

|圖2-2-2 Thorndyke的故事結構圖----------------------------18 |

|圖2-2-3 Mandler和Johnson的故事結構圖--------------------19 |

|圖2-2-4 Stein和Glenn的故事結構圖------------------------20 |

|圖2-2-5 黃瑞珍的故事結構圖--------------------------------21 |

|圖3-1-1 研究架構------------------------------------------41 |

|圖3-1-2 受試甲字彙評量分數曲線圖研究架構------------------48 |

|圖3-1-3 受試乙字彙評量分數曲線圖研究架構------------------48 |

|圖3-1-3 研究架構------------------------------------------41 |

|圖3-2 研究進度甘梯圖------------------------------------67 |

|圖4-1-1 受試甲文章結構評量分數曲線圖----------------------77 |

|圖4-1-2 受試乙文章結構評量分數曲線圖----------------------84 |

|圖4-2-1 受試甲提問評量分數曲線圖--------------------------92 |

|圖4-2-2 受試乙提問評量分數曲線圖--------------------------99 |

|圖4-3-1 受試甲重點大意摘取評量分數曲線圖-----------------107 |

|圖4-3-2 受試乙重點大意摘取評量分數曲線圖-----------------114 |

|圖4-4-1 受試甲自由回憶內容命題評量分數曲線圖-------------122 |

|圖4-4-2 受試乙自由回憶內容命題評量分數曲線圖-------------129 |

|圖4-5-1 受試甲各項評量資料曲線圖-------------------------141 |

|圖4-5-2 受試乙各項評量資料曲線圖-------------------------142 |

|圖4-5-3 受試甲自由回憶內容命題評量之多重處理介入一階段---143 |

|圖4-5-4 受試乙自由回憶內容命題評量之多重處理介入一階段---144 |

|圖4-5-5 受試甲自由回憶內容命題評量之多重處理介入二階段---145 |

|圖4-5-6 受試乙自由回憶內容命題評量之多重處理介入二階段---146 |

|圖4-5-7 受試甲自由回憶內容命題評量之多重處理介入三階段---147 |

|圖4-5-8 受試乙自由回憶內容命題評量之多重處理介入三階段---148 |

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|系統編號: |

|093NTPTC284007 |

| |

|出版年: |

|- |

| |

|研究生: |

|薛永華 |

| |

|學號: |

|9139014 |

| |

|論文名稱: |

|語言經驗法對提升閱讀理解與口語表達能力之成效研究 |

| |

|指導教授: |

|呂金燮 |

| |

|學位類別: |

|碩士 |

| |

| |

|校院名稱: |

|國立台北師範學院 |

| |

| |

|系所名稱: |

|特殊教育學系碩士班 |

| |

| |

|學年度: |

|93 |

| |

| |

|語文別: |

|中文 |

| |

| |

|論文頁數: |

|178 |

| |

| |

|開放範圍: |

|不開放 |

| |

| |

|中文關鍵字: |

|閱讀障礙 ,語言經驗法 ,口語表達能力 ,閱讀理解能力 |

| |

| |

|英文關鍵字: |

|Reading disabilities ,Language-experience approach ,Expressive Language Ability ,Reading comprehension ability |

| |

| |

|[摘要] |

|摘要 |

|本研究主要目的在探討語言經驗法對提升閱讀障礙兒童的閱讀理解能力與口語能力的表現情形。研究個案為二個國小三年級閱讀障礙的兒童。|

|依據兩個個案本身閱讀困難的狀況、內外在成因,以知識經驗為出發點,利用語言經驗法做為介入方法,觀察檢測個案是否在經過教學介入之|

|後,閱讀理解能力會有所提升。其次,兒童經過提示與敘說經驗故事的語彚與句子進行語料分析,並從語料分析的過程,分析兒童的辭|

|彙運用與句子結構組織是否有所增益,以佐証口語能力是否有成長。 |

|本研究的主要研究發現歸納如下: |

|一、語言經驗法對閱讀理解能力的表現,具有正面的效果,然效果較不顯著。 |

|(一)個案甲與個案乙的聲韻處理能力都有顯著。 |

|(二)個案甲與個案乙的語意、語法、文章基本事實、分析、比較能力較不顯著。 |

|二、語言經驗法對口語能力的表現,具有正面的效果。 |

|(一)個案甲與個案乙的總字數、總詞數、相異詞數、總句數表現上有明顯增加。 |

|(二)個案甲與個案乙的語句平均字數、語句平均詞數表現上未有明顯增加。 |

|(三)句型使用類型的表現上,句型一使用最多、句型四(複合句)、句型五未有增加,顯示句子結構複雜度不佳。 |

|最後依據研究結果對特殊需求學生之教師與父母做出建議。 |

|The Study on the Effect of language-experience approach for improving reading comprehension abilities and expressive |

|language abilities- two reading disable children as the example. |

|Shiue, Yung-hua |

|Abstracts |

|The purpose of this study is to investigate how language-experience approach promotes the reading comprehension abilities |

|and expressive language abilities for the reading disable children. The subjects for this study were two third-graders in |

|the elementary school. According to the reading difficulties of the subjects, the external and internal factors, the reading|

|comprehension ability after intervention is observed from the point of knowledge base by using language-experience approach.|

|In addition, children’s improvements in usage of vocabulary and sentence structure organization are analyzed in relation to |

|the improvement of oral ability. |

|The findings of this research are as follows: |

|1、The effects of language-experience methods on reading comprehension are positive but insignificant. |

|(1)Subject A and B on phonological recording ability is positive significant. |

|(2) Subject A and B on syntactic parsing、semantics、comprehending facts explicitly stated in the |

|text、comparing/analyzing the facts stated in the text are insignificant. |

|2、The effects of language-experience methods on expressive language abilities are positive significant. |

|(1)Subject A performs better than Subject B on the total number of words, expressions, opposite expressions, total |

|sentences. |

|(2)Subject A and B do not perform significantly better on the average number of words, expressions. |

|(3)As to the usage of sentence patterns, sentence one is used most often while sentence four (compound sentences) and |

|sentence five are not used significantly, which means the complexity of the sentence structure is not improved better. |

|Finally, parents will be given advice according to the findings of the research. |

|___________________________________________________________ |

|Key words: Reading disabilities、Language-experience approach、Expressive Language Ability、Reading comprehension ability |

|[ 論文目次 ] |

|目錄 |

|目次 Ι |

|附錄 Ⅲ |

|表次 Ⅳ |

|圖次 Ⅴ |

|第一章 緒論 |

|第一節 研究動機與目的 1 |

|壹、研究動機 1 |

|貳、研究目的 5 |

|第二節 研究問題與假設 6 |

|壹、研究問題 6 |

|貳、研究假設 7 |

|第三節 名詞釋義 9 |

|第二章 文獻探討 12 |

|第一節 閱讀障礙兒童 12 |

|壹、閱讀障礙的定義 12 |

|貳、閱讀障礙兒童的內在與外在成因 14 |

|參、國內近年閱讀理解補救教學的研究 22 |

|第二節 語言經驗法 32 |

|壹、語言經驗法 32 |

|貳、相關研究 35 |

|參、語言經驗法對閱讀障礙兒童的重要性 37 |

|第三節 閱讀障礙兒童的閱讀理解能力 39 |

|壹、閱讀的發展歷程 39 |

|貳、閱讀理解能力 43 |

|參、經驗對於閱讀理解的重要性 46 |

|第四節 閱讀障礙兒童的口語能力 49 |

|壹、口語經驗的重要性 49 |

|貳、閱讀與口語能力的關係 50 |

|參、閱讀障礙兒童的口語缺陷與困難 52 |

|第三章 研究方法 55 |

|第一節 個案分析 56 |

|壹、個案轉介的原因 56 |

|貳、個案學習情況 57 |

|參、各項評量指標 58 |

|肆、個案綜合分析 61 |

|第二節 研究設計與程序 63 |

|壹、研究設計 63 |

|貳、研究程序 64 |

|第三節 研究工具 71 |

|第四節 資料處理與分析 75 |

|壹、語料的分析 75 |

|貳、前後測測驗分析 80 |

|第四章 研究結果與討論 81 |

|第一節 語言經驗法對閱讀理解能力的影響 81 |

|壹、就閱讀理解能力的七大次閱讀能力來分項說明 83 |

|貳、就中文閱讀理解能力來說明 85 |

|參、綜合討論 85 |

|第二節 語言經驗法對口語能力的影響 89 |

|壹、口語指標的表現 89 |

|貳、句子結構的表現 95 |

|參、本節討論 98 |

|第三節 語言經驗法介入的結果與討論 101 |

|壹、閱讀理解能力 101 |

|貳、口語表達能力 106 |

|第四節 閱讀障礙個案的綜合分析討論 113 |

|壹、語言經驗法對個案甲的成效表現 113 |

|貳、語言經驗法對個案乙的成效表現 115 |

|第五章 研究結果與建議 119 |

|第一節 研究結果 119 |

|壹、語言經驗法對閱讀障礙個案的閱讀理解能力成效 119 |

|貳、語言經驗法對口語能力表現的效果 120 |

|第二節 研究限制與建議 123 |

|壹、研究限制 123 |

|貳、建議 125 |

|參考文獻 128 |

|附錄 |

|附錄一:教學談論主題 136 |

|附錄二:語言經驗教學法-教案範例 137 |

|附錄三:博多稿與語料分析範例(主題五) 139 |

|附錄四:博多稿與語料分析範例(主題十) 146 |

|附錄五:博多稿與語料分析範例(主題十五) 156 |

|附錄六:中文閱讀理解測驗分析說明 168 |

|附錄七:中文閱讀理解測驗甲乙試卷 171 |

|表次 |

|表2-1:國內近三年有關閱讀補救教學的相關實証研究(2001-2004年) 26 |

|表3-1:魏氏智力測驗量表分數、因數指數的表現 59 |

|表3-2:魏氏智力測驗個分測驗表現 59 |

|表3-3:學習障礙的篩選測驗 59 |

|表3-4:漢字視知覺測驗 60 |

|表3-5:聲韻覺識測驗 61 |

|表4-1:個案於中文閱讀理解測驗各題中的得分 82 |

|表4-2:中文閱讀理解能力次能力之差異比較 83 |

|表4-3:個案甲的口語指標表現 90 |

|表4-4:個案乙的口語指標表現 90 |

|表4-5:個案甲的句型結構表現 96 |

|表4-6:個案乙的句型結構表現 97 |

|表4-7:兩個個案在教學前中、後、期的口語資料比較 110 |

|圖次 |

|圖2-1:Spear-Swerling和Sternberg(1996)閱讀障礙的統整模式 42 |

|圖3-1:研究設計圖 63 |

|圖4-1:個案甲與個案乙在總字數的比較 91 |

|圖4-2:個案甲與個案乙在總詞數的比較 92 |

|圖4-3:個案甲與個案乙在語句平均字數的比較 92 |

|圖4-4:個案甲與個案乙在語句平均詞數的比較 93 |

|圖4-5:個案甲與個案乙在相異詞數的比較 94 |

|圖4-6:個案甲句型使用分佈與總句數 96 |

|圖4-7:個案乙句型使用分佈與總句數 98 |

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|系統編號: |

|094NHCT5625001 |

| |

|出版年: |

|- |

| |

|研究生: |

|林淑珍  |

| |

|學號: |

|9183011 |

| |

|論文名稱: |

|交互教學法對閱讀障礙學生閱讀能力提升之研究--以五年級學生為例 |

| |

|指導教授: |

|楊榮蘭博士 |

| |

|學位類別: |

|碩士 |

| |

| |

|校院名稱: |

|國立新竹教育大學 |

| |

| |

|系所名稱: |

|進修部語文教學碩士班 |

| |

| |

|學年度: |

|94 |

| |

| |

|語文別: |

|中文 |

| |

| |

|論文頁數: |

|154 |

| |

| |

|開放範圍: |

|網際網路 |

| |

| |

|中文關鍵字: |

|交互教學法 ,閱讀理解 ,閱讀障礙學生閱讀小組 ,閱讀理解策略 |

| |

| |

|英文關鍵字: |

|reciprocal teaching method, ,reading comprehension, ,study group of reading disabilities, ,reading comprehension strategy|

| |

| |

|[摘要] |

|摘 要 |

|本研究以三名國小五年級閱讀障礙學生所組成的閱讀小組為實施對象,以一名教師擔任教學者,旨在探討交互教學實施過程中,師生互動歷程|

|的轉變、學生閱讀理解的表現情形、以及學生對交互教學活動的觀點。 |

|本研究採取質的研究方法,在研究的過程中,研究者以非參與觀察、深度訪談以及文件分析等方式,進行資料的蒐集,再就所蒐集的資料做整|

|理、歸納與分析。本研究主要的發現如下: |

|一、交互教學隨著引導階段、轉型階段、內化階段的發展,師生互動的內涵有所轉變。教學初始,教師以講解、示範、詢問、鼓勵、修正與回|

|饋等,引導策略的學習;漸漸的,教學活動轉型為學生同儕引導的互動,同儕間的質疑辨正、修正、評析、討論等活動方式,激盪更多元的思|

|考,而教師教學的鷹架,逐步協助學生擔負起學習的責任。 |

|二、學生運用閱讀理解策略的表現,隨著參與交互教學時間的增加,無論在小組團體的閱讀或是個別閱讀的情境,策略的運用上都由生疏而逐|

|漸熟練;從被動答詢、無法掌握文章重點到能夠主動學習、探究文章內容,並進而能檢視自己的學習情形,顯示學生的閱讀理解表現獲得正向|

|提昇。 |

|三、交互教學法對國小五年級閱讀障礙學生之重點摘要、自我發問與選擇式閱讀理解測驗上的影響與傳統教學法並無不同,但從學生各項分數|

|的趨勢來分析,相互教學法似乎優於傳統之課文教學法,選擇式閱讀理解測驗之字面理解、文意理解與推論理解方面的資料也呈現出同樣的趨|

|勢。 |

|四、學生對交互教學普遍持正向的態度,表示喜歡相互教學對話的方式,認為較平常的國語課有更多參與的機會,同時肯定學習閱讀理解策略|

|的助益,認為日後會將策略運用在其他學習的情境。在引起閱讀障礙學生之學習動機、改善學習態度與提升學習參與程度上,學生自述之資料|

|顯示相互教學法均有提升的效果。 |

| |

|關鍵詞:交互教學法、閱讀理解、閱讀障礙學生閱讀小組、閱讀理解策略。 |

|A Study on the Effects of Reciprocal Teaching for Reading Comprehension to A Reading Disability Group of Fifth Graders |

|Lin, Swun Jien |

|ABSTRACT |

|This study investigated the effects of reciprocal teaching on the changes of teacher-students interaction, on reading |

|comprehension of students with reading disabilities, and students’ attitudes towards the reciprocal teaching. |

|Three 5th graders who were identified as reading disabilities by test participated in the study to form a reading group |

|under the instruction of reciprocal teaching by a trained teacher. The design of this study is qualitative in nature. |

|Non-participant observation, in-depth interviews and document analysis are the major research tools employed to gathering |

|data. Four major findings are listed. |

|1. The interaction between the teacher and students are changed according to the stages of development on reciprocal |

|teaching of reading comprehension. At the beginning stage, students’ learning relied mainly on the teacher’s illustration, |

|inquiring, encouragement, correction and feedback. Later students took up a more constructive role in peer-inducing |

|interaction, characterized by multi-thinking in activities such as questioning, correction and evaluative discussion. |

|Meanwhile, the teacher helped students take on their own responsibility in learning by playing a less active role than the |

|previous stage. |

|2. Students’ performance in reading comprehension improved along with the developmental stage of reciprocal teaching. Their |

|reading comprehension strategies were gradually perfected in either group or individual reading. In addition, they moved |

|from a passive learning mode and inability to get the gist of an article to actively explore the content of an article as |

|well as to examine their own learning pace. |

|3. There is no difference between the effects of summarizing, self-question, and multiple choice reading comprehension test |

|of the reading disability group by use of reciprocal teaching and the traditional method. However, when test scores are |

|analyzed, it seems that the reciprocal teaching method is better than traditional one in the literal comprehension of |

|multiple choice reading comprehension test, meaning comprehension, and inference comprehension. |

|4. Students showed positive attitudes toward reciprocal teaching. They enjoyed the dialogue mode in this method by which |

|more involvement in the learning tasks was facilitated. They recognized the benefits of using reciprocal reading |

|comprehension strategies to other learning contexts. Students also reported an increase of motivation in learning, the |

|change of attitudes, and actively participation in learning activities through the instruction of reciprocal teaching of |

|reading strategies. |

|Key words: reciprocal teaching method, |

|reading comprehension, |

|study group of reading disabilities, |

|reading comprehension strategy |

|[ 論文目次 ] |

|目 錄 |

|第一章 緒論 ………………………………………………………1 |

|第一節 問題背景與研究動機 …………………………………………1 |

|第二節 研究目的與待答問題 …………………………………………3 |

|第三節 名詞定義 ………………………………………………………4 |

|第二章 文獻探討 ………………………………………………7 |

|第一節 閱讀的成分歷程 …………………………………………… 7 |

|第二節 閱讀理解策略分析 ………………………………………… 11 |

|第三節 交互教學法的理論基礎與內涵………………………………17 |

|第四節 交互教學法的實徵研究 …………………………………… 22 |

|第五節 閱讀障礙學生的特質與其面臨的問題…………………… 27 |

|第三章 研究方法……………………………………………… 33 |

|第一節 採用行動研究法之原因…………………………………… 33 |

|第二節 研究步驟………………………………………………………34 |

|第三節 研究歷程………………………………………………………36 |

|第四節 研究者的背景與角色 ……………………………………… 41 |

|第五節 資料蒐集分析 …………………………………………… 43 |

|第六節 研究信度與效度…………………………………………… 45 |

|第四章 研究結果與討論 ………………………………………47 第一節 交互教學師生互動情形…………………………………… 47 |

|第二節 學生閱讀理解表現情形…………………………………… 82 |

|第三節 學生對交互教學的看法…………………………………… 104 |

|第五章 結論與建議 …………………………………………109 第一節 結論………………………………………………………… 109第二節 建議………………………………………………………… 111第三節 研究 |

|限制…………………………………………………… 113 |

|參考文獻 ………………………………………………………… 115 |

|附錄………………………………………………………………… 123 |

|附錄一 試探性研究…………………………………………………123 |

|附錄二 閱讀小組學生家長同意書…………………………………134 |

|附錄三 試探性研究訪談大綱………………………………………135 |

|附錄四 中文年級認字量表…………………………………………136附錄五 閱讀理解困難篩選測驗……………………………………138 |

|附錄六 研究者自編之閱讀理解測驗………………………………139 |

|附錄七 閱讀教學的材料……………………………………………140 |

|附錄八 交互教學初期及教學後訪談文章暨訪談大綱……………151 |

|附錄九 學生對交互教學的看法訪談大綱…………………………153 |

|附錄十 轉錄符號系統………………………………………………154 |

|表 次 |

|表2-1 交互教學國外相關研究 ……………………………………23 |

|表2-2 交互教學國內相關研究 ……………………………………26 |

|表3-1 研究者實施交互教學之教學主題與閱讀材料…………… 38 |

|表3-2 閱讀小組交互教學前後接受閱讀理解測驗成績………… 40 |

|表4-1 交互教學「師生互動」分類架構表……………………… 47 |

|表4-2 不同交互教學階段師生互動類型特徵摘要表…………… 48 |

|表4-3 交互教學學習活動在教師引導向度互動次數統計表…… 70 |

|表4-4 交互教學學習活動在同儕互動向度互動次數統計表…… 81 |

|表4-5 小鈞在教學初期與教學閱讀理解表現的比較…………… 93 |

|表4-6 阿浩在教學初期與教學閱讀理解表現的比較…………… 98 |

|表4-7 阿信在教學初期與教學閱讀理解表現的比較……………102 |

|表4-8 學生閱讀理解測驗成績……………………………………103 |

|圖 次 |

|圖3-1 研究步驟圖………………………………………………… 35 |

|圖3-2 本研究所採交互教學法之教學模式……………………… 39 |

|圖4-1 交互教學不同階段師生互動情形分析架構……………… 49 |

|圖4-2 學生閱讀理解表現情形分析架構………………………… 82 |

|圖4-3 閱讀小組學生「前測-後側-保留測驗」成績折線圖……103 |

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|系統編號: |

|091NCYU0284012 |

| |

|出版年: |

|2003 |

| |

|研究生: |

|溫瓊怡 |

| |

|學號: |

|0900040 |

| |

|論文名稱: |

|電腦多媒體漢字部件教學系統對國小閱讀障礙學生識字學習成效之研究 |

| |

|指導教授: |

|陳明聰 Ming-Chung Chen |

| |

|學位類別: |

|碩士 |

| |

| |

|校院名稱: |

|國立嘉義大學 |

| |

| |

|系所名稱: |

|特殊教育學系碩士班 |

| |

| |

|學年度: |

|91 |

| |

| |

|語文別: |

|中文 |

| |

| |

|論文頁數: |

|122 |

| |

| |

|開放範圍: |

|網際網路 |

| |

| |

|中文關鍵字: |

|部件 ,電腦多媒體漢字部件系統 ,閱讀障礙學生 ,識字教學 |

| |

| |

|英文關鍵字: |

|primitives of Chinese-character ,computer-assisted Chinese-character primitives instructional program ,children with |

|reading disabilities ,instruction of word recognition |

| |

| |

|[摘要] |

|本研究探討電腦多媒體漢字部件教學系統對國小閱讀障礙學生之識字學習成效,採用跨受試多試探設計,以接受資源班服務的三位中年級閱讀|

|障礙學生為研究對象。研究自變項為包括電腦多媒體漢字部件教學及一般識字教學,依變項為受試者的識字學習成效、學習效率。本研究的教|

|材包括120個生字,均分為六個字組進行教學,利用Unlimiter |

|3編輯電腦教學系統,教學系統主要包括部件教學、生字教學及成效評量等單元。 |

|研究結果顯示三位受試在接受電腦多媒體漢字部件教學之後均能精熟所學的字組,並且具有良好的保留成效;受試者的識字學習效率還不錯,|

|平均學習每個字的時間為9分鐘30秒。本研究亦根據研究結果對未來的研究提出建議。 |

|This study aimed to investigate the effects of the computer-assisted Chinese-character primitives instructional program to |

|the children with reading disability. The methods of the research were multiple-probe design to compare the effects of the |

|general word recognition teaching strategy and the computer-assisted Chinese-character primitives instruction program. Two |

|third-grade and a forth-grade students with poor word-recognition ability participated in the experiment, the independent |

|variables were general instruction of word recognition and computer-assisted Chinese- character primitives instructional |

|program, the dependent variables were the effects and efficiency of general instruction of word recognition and |

|computer-assisted Chinese- character primitives instructional program. |

|The instructional materials of the research were 120 high frequency words that the subjects couldn’t read or write. The |

|computer-assisted program, edited by Unlimiter 3 (U3), included several parts such as instructional units of primitives and |

|Chinese characters, and assessments units of Chinese-character. |

|The research found that the effectiveness of computer-assisted Chinese-character primitives instructional program was better|

|than general instruction strategy. The average time to learning each Chinese character were 9 minutes and 30 seconds. |

|According to the findings of this study, there were some suggestions for the research and practical implementation in the |

|future. |

|[ 論文目次 ] |

|第一章 緒論 |

|第一節 研究動機…………………………………………………………1 |

|第二節 研究目的與問題…………………………………………………6 |

|第三節 名詞解釋………………………………………………………….6 |

|第二章 文獻探討 |

|第一節 閱讀障礙的定義與鑑定…………………………………………9 |

|第二節 識字歷程理論 ………………………………………………….14 |

|第三節 漢字的特性……………………………………………………..18 |

|第四節 特殊教育學生中文識字教學法之相關研究…………………….22 |

|第三章 研究方法 |

|第一節 研究設計………………………………………………………34 |

|第二節 研究對象………………..……………………………………36 |

|第三節 研究變項……………..………………………………………38 |

|第四節 研究工具……………..………………………………………42 |

|第五節 教學材料與單元設計…………………………………………45 |

|第六節 教學系統設計原則與內容……………………………………….50 |

|第七節 實驗設備與情境………………………………………………….57 |

|第八節 實驗步驟………………………………………………………….59 |

|第九節 研究程序………………………………………………………….60 |

|第十節 資料蒐集與分析………………………………………………….62 |

|第十一節 研究限制……………………………………………………….64 |

|第四章 研究結果與討論 |

|第一節 漢字部件教學的識字成效………………………………………66 |

|第二節 識字效率分析…………………………………….…………….80 |

|第五章 結論與建議 |

|第一節 結論…………..………………….…………………………….83 |

|第二節 建議……………………………….…………………………….84 |

|參考書目 |

|中文部分…………………………………………………………………….88 |

|英文部分…………………………………………………………………….92 |

|附錄 |

|附錄一 教學生字之部件分析表………………………………………….97 |

|附錄二 部件類別表………………………………………………………101 |

|附錄三 特殊學生中文識字教學相關研究摘要…………………………102 |

|附錄四 一般教學作業單…………………………………………………111 |

|附錄五 一般識字教學識字成效評量表…………………………………112 |

|附錄六 寫字作業單………………………………………………………116 |

|表 次 |

|表3-1 三位受試的基本資料………………………………………………38 |

|表3-2 實驗階段教學字組分配表…………………………………………40 |

|表3-3 受試者的時間安排表………………………………………………41 |

|表3-4 識字成效評量各分測驗的性質……………………………………44 |

|表3-5 各字組的教學生字…………………………………………………47 |

|表3-6 一般識字教學單元………………………………………………..49 |

|表3-7 電腦多媒體漢字部件教學單元……………………………………49 |

|表3-8 電腦多媒體漢字生字教學單元……………………………………50 |

|表3-10 教學流程……………………………………………………………60 |

|表4-1 受試甲於不同研究階段立即成效評量之資料分析………………69 |

|表4-2 受試甲於兩種教學中各分測驗立即成效評量之平均答對百分比70 |

|表4-3 受試乙於不同研究階段立即成效評量之資料分析………………72 |

|表4-4 受試乙於兩種教學中各分測驗立即成效評量之平均答對百分比74 |

|表4-5 受試丙於不同研究階段立即成效評量之資料分析………………76 |

|表4-6 受試丙於兩種教學中各分測驗立即成效評量之平均答對百分比77 |

|表4-7 三位受試於介入階段中在不同字組的學習節次…………………82 |

|圖 次 |

|圖3-1 研究架構圖…………………………………………………………34 |

|圖3-2 實驗程序圖…………………………………………………………35 |

|圖3-3 教學生字及部件選擇過程…………………………………………45 |

|圖3-4 多媒體教學系統架構圖……………………………………………52 |

|圖3-5 部件介紹範例版面…………………………………………………54 |

|圖3-6 部件練習範例版面…………………………………………………55 |

|圖3-7 辨字遊戲範例版面…………………………………………………55 |

|圖3-8 組字遊戲範例版面…………………………………………………56 |

|圖3-9 生字介紹範例版面…………………………………………………56 |

|圖3-10 生字練習範例版面…………………………………………………57 |

|圖3-11 識字成效評量範例版面……………………………………………57 |

|圖4-1 三位受試在不同階段之識字立即成效和保留成效………………67 |

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|羅秋昭(1999)。國小語文科教材教法。台北:五南。 |

|蘇婉容(1993)。兩種刺激褪減分方式對國小中度智能不足學生學習實用性詞彙之研究。彰化:國立彰化師範大學特殊教育研究所碩士論文(|

|未出版)。 |

|蘇淑貞、宋維村、徐澄清(1984)。中國閱讀障礙學童之類型及智力測驗。中華心理學刊,26,41-48。 |

|二、英文部分 |

|Aaron, P. G. (1995). Differential diagnosis of reading disabilities. School Psychology Review, 24, 345-360. |

|Aaron, P. G., & Joshi, R. M. (1992).Reading problems:Consultation and remediation. New York:Guilford. |

|Allor, J. H., Fuches, D., & Mathes, P. A. (1996). Do students with and without lexical retrieval weaknesses respond |

|differently to instruction? Journal of Learning Disabilities , 34(3), 264-275. |

|Ashbaker, M. H., & Swanson, H. L. (1996). Short-term memory and working operations and their contribution to reading in |

|adolescents with and without learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research, 11(4), 206-213. |

|Badiane, N. A. (1994). Preschool prediction: Orthographic and phonological skills, and reading. Annals of Dyslexia, 44, |

|3-25. |

|Bruck, M., & Treiman, R. (1990). Phonological awareness and spelling in normal children and dyslexics: The case of initial |

|consonant clusters. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 50(1), 156-178. |

|Catts, H. M. (1996). Defining dyslexia as a developmental language disorder: An expanded view. Topics in Language Disorders,|

|10(2), 14-20. |

|Catts, H.W., & Kamhi, A.G. (1999). Language and reading disabilities. Boston : Allyn & Bacon. |

|Chris, S. (2001). An evaluation in the classroom. British Journal of Educational Technology, 32(3), 317-327. |

|French, J. N., Ellsworth, N. J., & Amoruso, M.Z.(1995). Reading and learning disabilities: research and practice. New York:|

|Garland. |

|Gagne´, E. D. (1985). Reading. In E. D. Gagne´. (Ed.), The cognition psychology of school learning (pp.165-198).|

|Boston: Little,Brown,and Company. |

|Gunning, T. G. (2002). Assessing and correcting reading and writing difficulties. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. |

|Hallahan, D. P., Kauffman, J. M., & Lloyd, J. W. (1999). Introduction to Learning Disabilities. Boston : Allyn and Bacon. |

|International Dyslexia Association (1994). The Definition of Dyslexia. Retreived April 3, 2003 from IDA on the World Wide |

|Web: |

| |

|Jones, K. M., Torgesen, J. K., & Sexton, M. A. (1987). Using computer practice to increase decoding fluency in learning |

|disabled children: A study using the Hint and Hunt Program. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 20, 122-128. |

|Kennedy, K. M., & Backman, J. (1993). Effectiveness of the Lindamood auditory discrimination in-depth program with students|

|with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice, 8, 253-259. |

|Korhonen, T. T. (1995). The persistence of rapid naming problems in children with reading disabilities: A nine-year |

|follow-up. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 28, 232-239. |

|Lerner, J. (2000). Learning Disabilities: Theories, diagnosis and teaching strategies. Boston: Houghton Miffilin. |

|Liberman, A., & Mattingly, I. G. (1985). The motor theory of speech perception revised. Cognition, 21, 1-36. |

|Lovett, M. W., Lacerenza, L. , Borden, S. L., Frijter, J. C., Steinbach, K. A. & Palma, M. D. (2000). Component of |

|effective remediation for developmental reading disabilities: Combining phonological and strategy-based instruction to |

|improve outcomes. Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(2), 263-283. |

|Lovett, M. W., Steinbach, K. A., & Frijters, J. C. (2000). Remediating the core deficits of developmental reading |

|disability: a double-deficit perspectives. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 33(4), 334-358. |

|Lovett, M. W., Warren-Chaplin, P. M., Ransby, M. J., & Borden, S. L.(1990). Training the word recognition skills of reading|

|disabled children: treatment and transfer effects. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82(4), 769-780. |

|Lyon, G. R. (1996). Learning disabilities. Special Education for Students with Disabilities, 6, 54-76. |

|Mercer, C. D., Jordan, L., Allsop, D. H., & Mercer, A. R., (1996). Learning disabilities definitions and criteria used by |

|state education departments. Learning Disability Quarterly, 19, 217-232. |

|Parkin, A. J. (2000). Essential cognitive psychology. Hove:Psychology Press. |

|Perfetti, C. A. (1985). Reading ability. New York: Oxford University Press. |

|Roth, S. F., & Beck, I. L. (1987). Theoretical and instructional implications of the assessment of two microcomputer word |

|recognition programs. Reading Research Quarterly, 22, 197-218. |

|Sofie, C. A., Riccio, C. A., & Cynthia, A. (2002). A comparison of multiple methods for the identification of children with|

|reading disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 35(3), 234-255. |

|Spear-Swerling, L., & Sternberg, J. (1994). The road not taken: An intergrative theoretical model of reading disablities. |

|Journal of Learning Disabilities, 27(2), 91-103. |

|Stanovich, K. E., & Siegel, L. S. (1994). Phenotypic performance profile of children with reading disabilities: A |

|regression-based test of the phonological —core variable-difference model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86, 24-53. |

|Swanson, H. L. (1994). Short-term memory and working memory: Do both contribute to our understanding of academic achievement|

|in children and adults with learning disabilities? Journal of Learning Disabilities, 27, 34-50. |

|Swanson, H. L. (1999). Reading research for students with LD: A meta-analysis of intervention outcomes. Journal of Learning |

|disabilities, 32(6), 504-532. |

|Swanson, H. L., & Sachse-Lee, C. (2001). A subgroup analysis of working memory in children with rading disabilities. |

|Journal of Learing Disabilities, 34(3), 249-254. |

|Torgenson, J. K., Alenxander, A. W. & Richard, K. (2001). Intensive remedial instruction for children with severe reading |

|disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities , 34(1), 33-58. |

|Torgenson, J. K., & Horen, N. M. (1992). Using computers to assist in reading instruction for children with learning |

|disabilities. In S. A. Vogel (Ed.), Educational Alternatives for Students with Learning Disabilities. (pp. 159-181). New |

|York: Springer Verlag. |

|Torgenson, J. K., Wagner, R. K., Rashottes, C. A., Burgess, S., & Hecht, S. (1997). Contributions of phonological awareness|

|and rapid automatic naming ability to growth of word-reading skills in second- to fifth- grade children. Scientific Studies |

|of Reading, 1(2), 161-195. |

|Wise, B.W. (1992). Whole word and decoding for short-term learning: Comparisons on a “Talking-computer” system. Journal of |

|Experimental Child Psychology, 54, 147-167. |

|Wise, B. W., & Olson, R. K. (1992). How poor readers and spellers use interactive speech in a computerized spelling |

|program. Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 4(2), 145-163. |

|Wise, B. W., Ring, J., Sessions, L., & Olson, R. K. (1997). Phonological awareness with and without articulation: A |

|preliminary study. Learning Disability Quarterly, 20(3), 211-226. |

|Wise, B.W., Ring, J., & Olson, R. K. (2000). Individual difference in gains from computer-assisted remedial reading. |

|Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 77, 197-235. |

|系統編號: |

|086NCUE1284002 |

| |

|出版年: |

|- |

| |

|研究生: |

|林宜真 |

| |

|學號: |

|8512209 |

| |

|論文名稱: |

|閱讀障礙學生與普通學生閱讀理解方式之比較研究 |

| |

|指導教授: |

|周台傑 Chou Tair-Jye |

| |

|學位類別: |

|碩士 |

| |

| |

|校院名稱: |

|國立彰化師範大學 |

| |

| |

|系所名稱: |

|特殊教育學系 |

| |

| |

|學年度: |

|86 |

| |

| |

|語文別: |

|中文 |

| |

| |

|論文頁數: |

|243 |

| |

| |

|開放範圍: |

|不開放 |

| |

| |

|中文關鍵字: |

|閱讀理解方式 ,閱讀理解策略 ,閱讀策略 ,閱讀理解 ,閱讀障礙 |

| |

| |

|英文關鍵字: |

|comprehension strategies ,reading strategies ,comprehension ,reading disabilities ,reading approach |

| |

| |

|[摘要] |

|本研究旨在探究閱讀障礙學生與普通學生之閱讀理解方式及比較其不 |

|同。以彰化縣和美國小六年級高國語文能力及中國語文能力之普通學生各 |

|三名、閱讀障礙學生三名為樣本,以放聲思考方式閱讀二篇故事體文章, |

|錄音結果進行逐字稿之歸類與分析。 研究結果發現:(1) 高能力普通 |

|生所使用的理解方式較一致,中能力普通生與閱讀障礙學生的理解方式歧 |

|異性較大;(2) 高、中能力普通生最常使用回溯理解方式,閱讀障礙學生 |

|最常使用重讀、重述與回溯;(3) 重讀、推敲字面意義、監控的使用次數 |

|隨能力的降低而升高;(4) 高能力普通生較常運用前後文訊息理解;(5) |

|閱讀障礙學生在監控之後大多無使用任何理解策略來解決問題。 |

|The major purpose of this study was to identify the |

|comprehension strategies used by normal and reading disabled(RD) |

|students, then providethe comparison of their strategy use. Nine |

|sixth grade students, three high-rated, three average-rated |

|normal students and three RD students, read 2 narrative texts in |

|thinking alouds with tape recording. The transcribed datawere |

|analyzed and the major findings of this study were as follow: |

|(1)Theindividual differences in strategy use of average-rated |

|and RD students weregreater than high-rated students; (2)High- |

|and average-rated students usedretrospecting most frequently |

|while RD students used rereading, paraphrasing,and retrospecting |

|most frequently in reading narrative texts; (3)RD |

|studentsinclined to use rereading, inferring literal meaning, |

|and monitoringmore frequently than normal students while |

|reading narrative texts; (4)High-rated students comprehended |

|with previous or later text cues more frequentlythan average- |

|rated and RD students; (5)RD students followed their monitoring |

|with no fix-up strategies most of the time. |

|[ 論文目次 ] |

| |

|[參考文獻] |

| |

|系統編號: |

|078NCUE4284001 |

| |

|出版年: |

|- |

| |

|研究生: |

|林國花 |

| |

|學號: |

| |

| |

|論文名稱: |

|國小閱讀障礙兒童成就與能力差距鑑定方式研究 |

| |

|指導教授: |

|周台傑 Zhou, Tai-Jie |

| |

|學位類別: |

|碩士 |

| |

| |

|校院名稱: |

|國立彰化師範大學 |

| |

| |

|系所名稱: |

|特殊教育研究所 |

| |

| |

|學年度: |

|78 |

| |

| |

|語文別: |

|中文 |

| |

| |

|論文頁數: |

|121 |

| |

| |

|開放範圍: |

|不開放 |

| |

| |

|中文關鍵字: |

|國小 ,閱讀障礙 ,兒童 ,標準分數法 ,迴歸分析法 ,教師推介法 ,羅桑二氏語文智力 ,羅桑二氏非語文智 ,特殊教育 ,教育 |

| |

| |

|英文關鍵字: |

|SPECIAL-EDUCATION ,EDUCATION |

| |

| |

|[摘要] |

|本研究旨在探討閱讀障礙的鑑定方式與標準,比較『標準分數法』、『迴歸分析法』 |

|、『教師推介法』等三種方式,以找出國內閱讀障礙兒童最適當的鑑定方式與標準, |

|以供特殊教育人員參考。 |

|本研究目的有三: |

|(一)比較『標準分數法』、『迴歸分析法』、『教師推介法』三種方式所鑑定出國小 |

|閱讀障礙兒童之情形,以便建立適合國內國小閱讀障礙兒童之鑑定方式。 |

|(二)分別比較國小閱讀障礙兒童的能力與成就間之差距標準,以找出一最適當的差距 |

|標準。 |

|(三)針對本研究三種方式鑑定出之閱讀障礙兒童,從事實驗性補救教學,以驗證三種 |

|鑑定方式之效果。 |

|本研究以台北市立雙蓮國小、彰化縣立和美國小及台南市立安順國小各校四年級全部 |

|學生為研究樣本,共計1467人。採用『羅桑二氏語文智力測驗』、『羅桑二氏非語文 |

|智力測驗』、『國民小學國語文成就測驗』、自編『閱讀障礙特徵檢核表』等為研究 |

|工具。若兒童的能力與閱讀成就間的差距,並非由於生理障礙、情緒困擾、或環境不 |

|利等因素所造成,且在『閱讀障礙特徵檢核表』上的得分低於常模T 分數34以下者, |

|即符合本研究閱讀障礙兒童的標準。實驗教學研究樣本則取自和美國小兒童,共40人 |

|。 |

|本研究探討上述三種鑑定方式所鑒定出的閱讀障礙兒童,符合上述標準的人數及特徵 |

|情形,並比較『標準分數法』和『迴歸分析法』兩種方式採用不同差距標準時的鑑定 |

|結果。依據研究結果發現: |

|一、『迴歸分析法』分別與『標準分數法』和『教師推介法』的鑑定效果達顯著差異 |

|,且鑒定正確率為最高。 |

|二、『標準分數法』和『教師推介法』二者的鑑定效果未達顯著差異。 |

|三、以『標準分數法』為鑑定方式,並變換不同差距標準時,鑑定效果並未產生顯著 |

|差異。 |

|四、以『迴歸分析法』為鑑定方式,並變換不同差距標準時,僅估計標準誤為1.5 和 |

|1.6 者與估計標準誤為2.0 達顯著差異, 其他各差距標準間則未產生顯著差異。 |

|五、三種方式所鑑定出閱讀障礙兒童的特徵,以『注意力』缺陷為最多,其次為『作 |

|文』、『讀音』和『寫字』等類型。 |

|六、實驗教學驗證結果、『迴歸分析組』與『標準分數組』二組未產生顯著差異,兩 |

|組成績皆優於『教師推介組』學生的成績。 |

| |

|[ 論文目次 ] |

| |

|[參考文獻] |

| |

|系統編號: |

|083NCUE2284010 |

| |

|出版年: |

|- |

| |

|研究生: |

|詹文宏 |

| |

|學號: |

| |

| |

|論文名稱: |

|後設認知閱讀策略對國小閱讀障礙兒童閱讀理解能力之研究 |

| |

|指導教授: |

|周台傑 Zhou, Tai Jie |

| |

|學位類別: |

|碩士 |

| |

| |

|校院名稱: |

|國立彰化師範大學 |

| |

| |

|系所名稱: |

|特殊教育研究所 |

| |

| |

|學年度: |

|83 |

| |

| |

|語文別: |

|中文 |

| |

| |

|論文頁數: |

|- |

| |

| |

|開放範圍: |

|不開放 |

| |

| |

|中文關鍵字: |

| |

| |

| |

|英文關鍵字: |

| |

| |

| |

|[摘要] |

| |

| |

|[ 論文目次 ] |

| |

|[參考文獻] |

| |

|系統編號: |

|083NCUE2284001 |

| |

|出版年: |

|- |

| |

|研究生: |

|胡永崇 |

| |

|學號: |

| |

| |

|論文名稱: |

|後設認知策略教學對國小閱讀障礙學童閱讀理解成效之研究 |

| |

|指導教授: |

|何東墀 He, Dong Chi |

| |

|學位類別: |

|博士 |

| |

| |

|校院名稱: |

|國立彰化師範大學 |

| |

| |

|系所名稱: |

|特殊教育研究所 |

| |

| |

|學年度: |

|83 |

| |

| |

|語文別: |

|中文 |

| |

| |

|論文頁數: |

|- |

| |

| |

|開放範圍: |

|國圖館內 |

| |

| |

|中文關鍵字: |

| |

| |

| |

|英文關鍵字: |

| |

| |

| |

|[摘要] |

| |

| |

|[ 論文目次 ] |

|封面 |

|謝詞 |

|中文摘要 |

|英文摘要 |

|目次 |

|第一章 緒論 |

|第一節 研究緣起 |

|第二節 研究目的與研究問題 |

|第三節 名詞界定 |

|第二章 理論基礎與文獻探討 |

|第一節 後設認知的理論 |

|第二節 後設認知與動機信念 |

|第三節 閱讀的模式 |

|第四節 後設認知與閱讀理解 |

|第五節 閱讀缺陷的性質與閱讀障礙的意義 |

|第六節 閱讀障礙學生的後設認知之研究 |

|第三章 研究方法 |

|第一節 研究假設 |

|第二節 研究對象 |

|第三節 研究設計與研究過程 |

|第四節 評量工具與實驗材料 |

|第五節 閱讀理解後設認知的教學內容 |

|第六節 資料分析 |

|第四章 研究結果與討論 |

|第一節 一般學童與閱讀障礙學童各相關變項彼此間的相關 |

|第二節 閱讀障礙學童與一般學童在閱讀後設認知評量表及閱讀動機信念量表得分之差異情形的資料分析 |

|第三節 實驗組與控制組之閱讀障礙受試者各相關變項彼此間之相關 |

|第四節 實驗組與控制組之閱讀障礙受試者在閱讀後設認知評量表上得分之差異情形 |

|第五節 實驗組與控制組之閱讀障礙受試者在閱讀動機信念量表上得分之差異情形 |

|第六節 實驗組與控刖組之閱讀障礙受試者在閱讀理解測驗得分之差異情形 |

|第七節 學習回饋問卷之回答情形 |

|第八節 研究結果的討論 |

|第五章 結論與建議 |

|第一節 研究結論 |

|第二節 研究限制 |

|第三節 教學上的啟示 |

|第四節 進一步研究之建議 |

|參考資料 |

|一、中文部分 |

|二、英文部分 |

|附錄 |

|附錄一 閱讀後設認知評量表 |

|附錄二 閱讀動機信念量表 |

|附錄三 研究者自編之閱讀理解測驗 |

|附錄四 閱讀理解後設認知策略教學方案 |

|附錄五 閱讀理解後設認知策略教學材料 |

|附錄六 控制組受試者學習材料示例 |

|簡歷 |

|[參考文獻] |

| |

|系統編號: |

|092NTTTC576015 |

| |

|出版年: |

|2003 |

| |

|研究生: |

|李月娥 |

| |

|學號: |

|1989017 |

| |

|論文名稱: |

|閱讀障礙學生與一般學生在聽覺語言處理能力上之比較研究 |

| |

|指導教授: |

|曾世杰 Tzeng, Shih-Jay |

| |

|學位類別: |

|碩士 |

| |

| |

|校院名稱: |

|國立臺東大學 |

| |

| |

|系所名稱: |

|教育研究所 |

| |

| |

|學年度: |

|92 |

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|語文別: |

|中文 |

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|論文頁數: |

|103 |

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|開放範圍: |

|網際網路 |

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|中文關鍵字: |

|聽覺語言處理能力 ,閱讀障礙學生 ,閱讀能力 |

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|英文關鍵字: |

|language-listening related ability ,reading-disabled student ,reading ability |

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|[摘要] |

|閱讀障礙學生與一般學生在聽覺語言處理能力上之比較研究 |

|李月娥 |

|國立台東大學 教育研究所特殊教育學系 |

|摘 要 |

|本研究採用一對一的配對法本研究的目的,比較閱讀障礙學生與一 |

|般學生在聽覺語言處理能力上之差異情形,並探討這些學生之聽覺語 |

|言處理能力與閱讀能力之相關,最後分析聽覺語言處理能力對閱讀障 |

|礙學生與一般學生閱讀能力之預測力。本研究對象以三十一名國小二 |

|年級到六年級的「閱讀障礙學生」為主要對象外,,另選取與閱讀障 |

|礙組兒童同生理年齡,且就讀於同一班級之「同年齡學生」為對照組 |

|一外,再選出與閱讀障礙組兒童之閱讀成就相當,且就讀於同一學 |

|校的「同閱讀能力學生」為對照組二,共計三組,九十三位研究對象。 |

|本研究所有的學生均接受聽覺語言處理能力與閱讀能力的測驗, |

|聽覺語言處理能力測驗包括聽覺詞彙、聽覺記憶、工作記憶、聽覺理 |

|解,閱讀能力測驗包括中文年級認字量表、閱讀理解測驗。以相依樣 |

|本單因子變異數分析、Pearson積差相關、逐步迴歸等方法進行資料分 |

|析。 |

|研究結果顯示: |

|一、在聽覺語言處理能力方面,均是同齡對照組與閱讀障礙組平均數 |

|達到顯著差異,且同齡對照組平均數與同閱讀能力組平均數達到顯著 |

|差異,但同閱讀能力組平均數並未與閱讀障礙組平均數達到顯著差 |

|異。所以,看不出聽覺語言處理能力是否為閱讀能力的可能致因。 |

|二、閱讀障礙組在中文年級認字及閱讀理解能力方面,都無相關項 |

|目。在中文年級認字方面,同齡對照組的相關項目有三項,即聽覺詞 |

|彙、工作記憶、聽覺理解;同閱讀能力組的相關項目有四項,即全部 |

|的聽覺語言處理能力測驗都有相關。閱讀理解方面,同齡對照組的相 |

|關項目三項,即工作記憶、聽覺記憶、聽覺理解;同閱讀能力組的相 |

|關項目僅有二項,即聽覺詞彙和聽覺記憶。整體來看,聽覺語言處理 |

|能力與認字能力的相關性高於與閱讀理解的相關。 |

|三、聽覺語言處理能力各變項對閱讀障礙組學童的中文年級認字能 |

|力、閱讀理解能力沒有預測力。聽覺詞彙能有效預測同閱讀能力組學 |

|童的中文認字能力、閱讀理解能力。聽覺理解能有效預測同齡對照組 |

|學童的中文認字能力。聽覺記憶能有效預測同齡對照組學童的閱讀理 |

|解能力。聽覺詞彙能有效區辨閱讀障礙兒童與一般兒童。 |

|根據上述研究結果,本研究對閱讀障礙學生的教學及未來相關研究提 |

|出建議。 |

|關鍵詞:聽覺語言處理能力、閱讀障礙學生、閱讀能力 |

|The Comparsons Of Language-Listening related Abilities Between |

|reading-Disabled And Normal Students |

|Lee Yeuh E |

|Abstract |

|This study tried to examine the differences of language-listening related abilities in reading-disabled children and their |

|control groups. The researcher compared mean differences of language-listening related tests between reading-disabled (RD) |

|group and two control groups matched with age (age-matched, AM) and reading level (reading-level matched, RM). The |

|researcher also explored associations between language-listening related abilities and Chinese character recognition and |

|reading comprehension. The RD group was composed of 31 students, aged 9 to 12, who had severe difficulties in reading |

|comprehension and Chinese character recognition. Observations, interviews, and related tests were conducted to make sure |

|that children in RD group met a list of strictly defined RD criteria. Among the groups, demographic variables such as |

|gender, social economic status, and class were controlled by careful case-by-case matching procedures. All participants |

|received 4 tests (Lin, 2001), including listening memory, listening vocabulary, listening comprehension, and working memory.|

|Scores of a Chinese character recognition test (Huang, 1999) and a reading comprehension test (Chen, 1999) were also |

|collected as dependent measures. |

|The major findings are stated as follow: |

|1、With regard to listening memory, listening vocabulary, listening comprehension, and working memory, AMs significantly |

|outperformed the RDs and RMs. There were not significantly differences between the RMs and RDs. These results indicated that|

|language-listening related abilities couldn’t influence reading abilities. |

|2、In word-recognizing parts, AMs group had three testing items —listening vocabulary, listening comprehension, and working |

|memory decision; RMs group had four testing item —listening vocabulary, listening memory, listening comprehension, and |

|working memory decision. In reading comprehension parts, AMs group had three related items —listening memory, listening |

|comprehension, and working memory; RMs group only had two related item —listening vocabulary and listening memory. |

|Correlation analysis revealed that language-listening related abilities has stronger relationship with character recognition|

|than with reading comprehension. |

|3、The language-listening related abilities can not predict the word recognition and reading comprehension abilities of the |

|RDs. The listening vocabulary did accounted for the variances of character recognition between RDs and normal students(AMs |

|and RMs) . |

|Theoretical and practical implications as well as suggestions for future researchers were discussed in the thesis. |

|Key words:language-listening related ability、 reading-Disabled student、reading ability |

|[ 論文目次 ] |

|目 錄 頁次 |

|第一章 緒論 |

|第一節 研究源起------------------------------------------1 |

|第二節 研究目的與待答問題--------------------------------3 |

|第三節 研究假設------------------------------------------4 |

|第四節 名詞釋意------------------------------------------6 |

|第二章 理論基礎與文獻探討 |

|第一節 學習障礙的意義------------------------------------9 |

|第二節 閱讀障礙的原因: 語言處理佔去過多資源?-----------18 |

|第三節 閱讀與聽覺語言處理能力---------------------------19 |

|第四節 聽覺語言處理能力的內涵---------------------------24 |

|第五節 聽覺語言處理能力之相關研究-----------------------29 |

|第三章 研究設計與實施 |

|第一節 研究架構-----------------------------------------34 |

|第二節 研究對象之基本描述-------------------------------35 |

|第三節 研究對象-----------------------------------------38 |

|第四節 研究方法-----------------------------------------42 |

|第五節 研究工具-----------------------------------------42 |

|第六節 實施程序與步驟------------------------------------- 49 |

|第七節 資料處理分析----------------------------------------50 |

|第四章 研究結果與討論 |

|第一節 一般性統計描述-----------------------------------51 |

|第二節 學童在聽覺語言能力測驗表現的差異比較-------------56 |

|第三節 聽覺語言能力各成分及中文閱讀能力的相關-----------63 |

|第四節 聽覺語言能力對中文閱讀能力的預測-----------------78 |

|第五節 綜合討論-----------------------------------------84 |

|第五章 結論與建議 |

|第一節 結論---------------------------------------------87 |

|第二節 研究限制-----------------------------------------92 |

|第三節 建議---------------------------------------------94 |

|參考文獻 |

|一、中文部分-------------------------------------------------96 |

|二、英文部分------------------------------------------------100 |

|表次 |

|表1 楊秀文(民90)聽覺理解、閱讀理解與工作記憶相關研究整理--31 |

|表2 研究對象之基本描述表------------------------------------35 |

|表3 本研究對象在各聽覺語言能力、閱讀能力的平均數、標準差、最小 |

|值與最大值----------------------------------------------53 |

|表4 閱讀障礙組聽覺語言能力間之皮爾遜相關矩陣----------------54 |

|表5 同齡對照組聽覺語言能力間之皮爾遜相關矩陣----------------55 |

|表6 同閱讀能力組聽覺語言能力間之皮爾遜相關矩陣--------------56 |

|表7 本研究對象在各聽覺語言能力之單因子變異數分析摘要表------61 |

|表8 對閱讀障礙組聽覺語言能力與閱讀能力之相關研究比較表------67 |

|表9 與本研究之聽覺語言能力、閱讀理解與中文認字相關研究整理--67 |

|表10 對同齡對照組聽覺語言能力與閱讀能力之相關研究比較-------71 |

|表11 本研究對象聽覺語言能力與閱讀能力間之皮爾遜相關矩陣-----72 |

|表12 對同閱讀能力組聽覺語言能力與閱讀能力之相關研究比較表---74 |

|表13 本研究對象各聽覺語言能力對中文認字、閱讀理解之逐步回歸分析 |

|摘要表-------------------------------------------------80 |

|表14 與本研究之聽覺語言能力、閱讀理解與中文認字有關的 |

|預測研究整理-------------------------------------------83 |

|圖次. |

|圖 1 修正自Conners和Olson於1990年所發展的閱讀理解模式 |

|(引自楊秀文,民90,32頁)------------------------------26 |

|圖 2 Filbbinger(1997)的閱讀成分結構圖---------------------27 |

|圖 3 本研究的聽覺語言能力成分結構圖-------------------------28 |

|圖 4 本研究架構圖-------------------------------------------34 |

|圖 5 閱讀障礙組聽覺詞彙與中文年級認字的相關散佈圖-----------65 |

|圖 6 同閱讀能力組工作記憶與閱讀理解的相關散佈圖-------------81 |

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|Matthei, E. M. (1982). The acquisition of prenominal modifier |

|sequences. Cognition, 11, 301-332. |

|Mercer , C . D .(1992). Students with learning disabilities. |

|Columbus : Merrill Publishing Company. |

|Stevenson , H. W. Stigler , J. W., Lucker , G. W., Lee , S. Y., |

|Hsu , C. C. & Kitamura, S. (1982). Reading disabilitiess: |

|The case of Chinese, Japanese, and English Child |

|Development,? 53, 1164-1181. |

|Strauss, A.A., & Lehtinen, L.E.(1947). Psychopathology and |

|education of the braininjured child(Vol. 1). New York: |

|Grune & Stratton. |

|Swanson, H. L. (1999). Reading comprehension and working memory |

|in learning disabled readers: Is the phonological loop more |

|important than the executive system? Journal of |

|Experimental Child Psychology, 72, 1-31. |

|Woo , E. Y. G., & Hoosain , R.(1984). Visual and auditory |

|functions of Chinese dysle Xics. Psychologia , 27 , 164-170. |

|系統編號: |

|094NTNT5284010 |

| |

|出版年: |

|- |

| |

|研究生: |

|王心怡 |

| |

|學號: |

| |

| |

|論文名稱: |

|故事結構教學對國小閱讀障礙兒童閱讀理解教學成效之研究 |

| |

|指導教授: |

|楊憲明 none |

| |

|學位類別: |

|碩士 |

| |

| |

|校院名稱: |

|國立臺南大學 |

| |

| |

|系所名稱: |

|特殊教育學系碩士班 |

| |

| |

|學年度: |

|94 |

| |

| |

|語文別: |

|中文 |

| |

| |

|論文頁數: |

|189 |

| |

| |

|開放範圍: |

|網際網路 |

| |

| |

|中文關鍵字: |

|故事結構教學 ,閱讀障礙 |

| |

| |

|英文關鍵字: |

|reading comprehension difficulties ,story grammar instruction |

| |

| |

|[摘要] |

|本研究目的旨在了解故事結構教學對國小閱讀障礙學生閱讀理解能力之教學成效,研究對象為三名國小二年級閱讀障礙學生,以單一受試實驗|

|研究法中的跨受試多探試設計進行研究。研究工具包括:「閱讀理解測驗」、「中文閱讀理解測驗」、學生及教師的意見訪談表。 |

|經過研究資料之處理分析後,本研究之主要發現如下: |

|一、經過故事結構教學之介入後,對國小閱讀障礙學生之閱讀理解能力具有提升成效。 |

|二、經過故事結構教學之介入後,對國小閱讀障礙學生之閱讀理解能力具有維持效果。 |

|三、國小閱讀障礙學生對「文章中明示的問題」、「文章中隱含的問題及涉入個人經驗的問題」等題型,均呈現進步的狀況。 |

|四、國小閱讀障礙學生接受故事結構教學後,在「中文閱讀理解測驗」上前、後測的表現情形,具有正向的改變。 |

|五、故事結構教學的教學效果獲得閱讀障礙學生及班級教師的支持與肯定。 |

|關鍵字詞:故事結構教學、閱讀障礙 |

|The purpose in this study was to explore effects of using a story grammar instruction on the reading comprehension of |

|elementary school students with reading comprehension difficulties. A multiple probe design across participants was |

|employed.Three second grade students with reading comprehension difficulties were chosen as research subjects.Tools adopted |

|by this study were “ Reading Comprehension Test”、”Chinese Reading Comprehension Test”、opinion interview list of the |

|students and teachers. |

|Result indicated that: |

|1、Story grammar instruction could improve subjects’reading comprehension ability. |

|2、Story grammar instruction could maintained subjects’reading comprehension ability. |

|3、Subjects had showen progress in types of”textually explicit questions”and “textually implicit questions and scriptually |

|explicit questions”on Reading Comprehension Test. |

|4、There were improvements on subjects’reading comprehension ability showen in” Chinese Reading Comprehension Test”. |

|5、Subjects and teachers confirmed that story grammar instruction could improve reading comprehension ability. |

|Key word: story grammar instruction, reading comprehension difficulties. |

|[ 論文目次 ] |

|中文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ |

|英文摘要……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ |

|目次…………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅲ |

|表次…………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅴ |

|圖次…………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅶ |

|附錄次………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅷ |

|第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………………1 |

|第一節 研究動機…………………………………………………………………1 |

|第二節 研究目的與待答問題……………………………………………………4 |

|第三節 名詞解釋…………………………………………………………………5 |

|第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………………………8 |

|第一節 閱讀理解歷程與成分……………………………………………………8 |

|第二節 閱讀障礙學生的閱讀特質及相關閱讀理解策略………………………… 19 |

|第三節 故事結構教學及其相關研究…………………………………………………28 |

|第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………………45 |

|第一節 研究架構…………………………………………………………………45 |

|第二節 研究對象…………………………………………………………………47 |

|第三節 研究設計…………………………………………………………………50 |

|第四節 研究工具…………………………………………………………………56 |

|第五節 實施步驟及程序…………………………………………………………64 |

|第六節 資料處理…………………………………………………………………72 |

|第四章 研究結果與討論……………………………………………………75 |

|第一節 故事結構教學對提升受試者閱讀理解能力的教學成效及維持效果……75 |

|第二節 受試者接受故事結構教學前、後在「中文閱讀理解測驗」上的表現情形……91 |

|第三節 社會效度分析…………………………………………………………………95 |

|第四節 綜合討論………………………………………………………………………102 |

|第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………………………107 |

|第一節 結論…………………………………………………………………………107 |

|第二節 研究限制……………………………………………………………………109 |

|第三節 建議…………………………………………………………………………111 |

|參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………115 |

|中文部份…………………………………………………………………………………115 |

|英文部份…………………………………………………………………………………118 |

|表 次 |

|表2-1 閱讀理解成分分析表………………………………………………………15 |

|表2-2 閱讀障礙者之特質研究……………………………………………………20 |

|表2-3 Lerner所提閱讀過程中促進閱讀理解的策略………………………………23 |

|表2-4 故事結構教學之相關研究摘要表………………………………………………33 |

|表2-5 針對學習障礙學生施行故事結構教學研究摘要表……………………………36 |

|表3-1 研究對象基本資料表……………………………………………………………49 |

|表3-2 基線期及維持期階段評量材料摘要表…………………………………………51 |

|表3-3 教學介入期B1(示範引導)之教學與評量材料摘要表………………………53 |

|表3-4 教學介入期B2(獨立期)之教學與評量材料摘要表………… ………………53 |

|表3-5 研究者自編閱讀理解測驗總題數、平均難度及各題項類型…………………62 |

|表3-6 本研究之計畫進度………………………………………………………………67 |

|表4-1 閱讀理解測驗階段內變化的資料分析表………………………………………78 |

|表4-2 閱讀理解測驗階段間變化的資料分析表………………………………………79 |

|表4-3 受試甲「閱讀理解測驗」整體答題表現………………………………………80 |

|表4-4 受試甲自編閱讀理解測驗答對百分比之C統計摘要表…………………… 80 |

|表4-5 受試乙「閱讀理解測驗」整體答題表現……………………………………82 |

|表4-6 受試乙自編閱讀理解測驗答對百分比之C統計摘要表…………………83 |

|表4-7 受試丙「閱讀理解測驗」整體答題表現……………………………………85 |

|表4-8 受試丙自編閱讀理解測驗答對百分比之C統計摘要表……………………86 |

|表4-9 受試者「自編閱讀理解測驗」各題型答題狀況分析………………88 |

|表4-10 受試者「中文閱讀理解測驗」前、後測資料分析表…………………………92 |

|表4-11 受試甲及其班級教師(T1)意見訪談表………………………………………97 |

|表4-12 受試乙及其班級教師(T2)意見訪談表………………………………………99 |

|表4-13 受試丙及其班級教師(T3)意見訪談表……………………………………101 |

|表4-14 三名受試者及其班級教師意見訪談表平均數………………………………106 |

|圖 次 |

|圖2-1 循環模式的閱讀歷程……………………………………………………………10 |

|圖2-2 Gagne’的閱讀歷程模式……………………………………………………13 |

|圖2-3 影響閱讀理解成敗的因素……………………………………………………17 |

|圖2-4 Rumelhart 的故事結構圖………………………………………………………28 |

|圖2-5 Thorndyke的故事結構圖………………………………………………………29 |

|圖2-6 我的故事地圖…………………………………………………………………30 |

|圖2-7 黃瑞珍的故事結構圖…………………………………………………………31 |

|圖3-1 本研究架構圖…………………………………………………………………46 |

|圖3-2 本研究設計模式圖……………………………………………………………55 |

|圖3-3 基線期實驗教學流程圖………………………………………………………68 |

|圖3-4 B1處理期示範教學流程圖………………………………………………69 |

|圖3-5 B2處理期指導教學流程圖………………………………………………70 |

|圖3-6 維持期實驗教學流程圖……………………………………………………71 |

|圖4-1 三名受試者「閱讀理解測驗」答對百分比曲線………………………………77 |

|圖4-2 受試者在「自編閱讀理解測驗」各題型的表現曲線圖………………………89 |

|圖4-3 三名受試者「中文閱讀理解測驗」前、後測資料長條圖…………… ……… …93 |

|附 錄 次 |

|附錄一 參加本實驗研究家長同意書…………………………………………124 |

|附錄二 參加本實驗研究教師同意書……………………………………………125 |

|附錄三 實施測驗順序……………………………………………………………126 |

|附錄四 教學日期通知單……………………………………………………………127 |

|附錄五 故事結構教學設計示例…………………………………………………130 |

|附錄六 故事結構地圖單……………………………………………………………134 |

|附錄七 故事結構摘要單……………………………………………………………135 |

|附錄八 閱讀教學材料1~15篇…………………………………………………136 |

|附錄九 研究者自編36篇閱讀測驗……………………………………………158 |

|附錄十 學生意見訪談表…………………………………………………………187 |

|附錄十一 班級教師意見訪談表………………………………………………………188 |

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|。 |

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|,未出版,台北。 |

| |

|二、英文部分: |

|Aaron,P.G.,& Joshi,R.M.(1992).Reading problems:Consultation and remediation . New York:The Guilford Press. |

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| framework. |

|系統編號: |

|089NTNU0284003 |

| |

|出版年: |

|2001 |

| |

|研究生: |

|吳淑娟 |

| |

|學號: |

|688090017 |

| |

|論文名稱: |

|國小閱讀理解困難學童之詞彙能力分析研究 |

| |

|指導教授: |

|洪儷瑜 Li-Yu Hung |

| |

|學位類別: |

|碩士 |

| |

| |

|校院名稱: |

|國立臺灣師範大學 |

| |

| |

|系所名稱: |

|特殊教育研究所 |

| |

| |

|學年度: |

|89 |

| |

| |

|語文別: |

|中文 |

| |

| |

|論文頁數: |

|- |

| |

| |

|開放範圍: |

|不開放 |

| |

| |

|中文關鍵字: |

|閱讀理解困難 ,詞彙 ,閱讀障礙 ,國小學生 |

| |

| |

|英文關鍵字: |

|reading comprehension difficult ,vocabulary ,reading disabilities ,elementary students |

| |

| |

|[摘要] |

|  本研究旨在分析閱讀理解困難學生之詞彙能力、識字能力與閱讀理解能力之間的關係,並探討其口語詞彙及書面詞彙能力上的表現。 |

|本研究以閱讀理解困難篩選測驗得分在平均數負一個標準差以下及托尼非語文智商在90以上為標準,篩選出31位閱讀理解困難學生,而受試需|

|再接受六項測驗以評估口語詞彙、書面詞彙及識字能力。 |

|本研究結果顯示: |

|一、閱讀理解困難學生之口語詞彙能力皆未與書面詞彙、識字、閱讀理解能力達顯著相關;書面詞彙能力則皆與識字能力達顯著相關,且書面|

|詞彙意義表達、書面詞彙意義理解亦皆與閱讀理解能力達顯著相關,其識字能力需要透過書面詞彙能力才和閱讀理解能力有顯著相關。 |

|二、閱讀理解困難學生之每句口語詞彙數比一般學生短少,且看圖說故事之每句詞彙個數及每句不重覆詞彙個數皆顯著多於自發性說故事;而|

|閱讀理解困難學生的口語詞類發展有落後的現象,在看圖及自發性說故事中,12種詞類詞彙出現百分比皆以動詞和名詞為最高,以嘆詞及擬聲|

|詞為最低;副詞出現百分比僅在自發性說故事時顯著高於其他9種詞類的情形。 |

|三、閱讀理解困難學生6種詞類之書面詞彙讀音的通過百分比為98.27%,且有自我修正讀音的現象;而代詞、名詞之書面詞彙意義表達最優( |

|其通過百分比為89%及83%),而動詞及介詞最差(其通過百分比為71%及72%),且有反應速度較慢的情形。另外,同義詞、反義詞及多義詞各|

|項得分之答對百分比在77%以上,和一般五年級學生之答對百分比沒有顯著差異,但閱讀障礙學生在同義詞及多義詞的理解能力上顯著低於一 |

|般學生。 |

|本研究並針對研究結果及研究限制,提出對未來研究及教學的建議。 |

|  The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of vocabulary, word recognition, and reading |

|comprehension of elementary students with reading comprehension difficulties (RCD in short). The spoken and the written |

|vocabulary competence of RCD were also investigated. |

|Thirty-one fifth graders with RCD were selected with one standard below average in Screening Test for Reading Comprehension |

|Difficulties and normal score of nonverbal IQ. They were measured the Story-telling Test, Vocabulary Test, Synonyms Test, |

|Antonym Test, Polysemy Test, and Chinese Graded Word Recognition Test. |

|The three major findings were concluded as follows: |

|1.The spoken vocabulary was not related to the written vocabulary, word recognition, and reading comprehension, but the |

|significant correlations were found between the written vocabulary and word recognition. Both expressive and comprehensive |

|written vocabularies were significantly related to reading comprehension. However, the relation of word recognition and |

|reading comprehension was found to be contributed by the written vocabulary. |

|2.The numbers of vocabulary per sentence of RCD were significantly smaller than the general students. They produced more |

|words in the situation of telling story with pictures than telling story spontaneously. And RCD fell behind with eleven |

|years old students in the development of verbal syntax. Noun and verb were found to be two most frequent used in spoken |

|vocabularies of RCD. The two least frequent were interjection and onomatopoeia. |

|3.The pronunciation of vocabulary of RCD was found at 98% accuracy. However, they were frequently self-corrected during |

|test. Pronoun and noun were the first two highest frequent used in expressively written vocabulary. The least frequent were |

|verb and preposition. In the Synonyms, Antonym, and Polysemy Tests, no difference between RCD and the general students were |

|found. Nevertheless, the scores of reading disabilities in the Synonyms Test and Polysemy Test were significantly lower the |

|general students. |

|According the aforementioned findings, the limitations of this study, and the recommendations to research and practical |

|implementation were made. |

|[ 論文目次 ] |

|第一章 緒論 |

|第一節 研究動機與目的---------------------------- 1 |

|第二節 待答問題與研究假設------------------------ 3 |

|第三節 名詞釋義---------------------------------- 5 |

|第二章 文獻探討 |

|第一節 閱讀成份分析與成份結構之探討-------------- 7 |

|第二節 閱讀困難成因與閱讀障礙定義之探討---------- 15 |

|第三節 口語詞彙的發展、評量與其相關研究---------- 22 |

|第四節 書面詞彙的特性、評量與其相關研究---------- 33 |

|第三章 研究方法 |

|第一節 研究對象---------------------------------- 45 |

|第二節 研究工具---------------------------------- 49 |

|第三節 研究設計---------------------------------- 60 |

|第四節 研究步驟---------------------------------- 61 |

|第五節 資料處理與分析---------------------------- 64 |

|第四章 研究結果與討論 |

|第一節 閱讀理解困難學生之詞彙能力和識字、理解之相關分析-66 |

|第二節 閱讀理解困難學童之口語詞彙能力的比較------ 73 |

|第三節 閱讀理解困難學童之書面詞彙能力的比較------ 84 |

|第四節 閱讀障礙個案之詞彙能力探討---------------- 92 |

|第五章 結論與建議 |

|第一節 結論-------------------------------------- 113 |

|第二節 研究限制與建議---------------------------- 117 |

|參考書目 |

|中文部份------------------------------------------ 122 |

|英文部份------------------------------------------ 131 |

|附 錄 |

|附錄一、學生基本資料表---------------------------- 137 |

|附錄二、說故事測驗指導手冊------------------------ 139 |

|附錄三、詞彙測驗指導手冊-------------------------- 142 |

|附錄四、同義詞及反義詞測驗指導手冊---------------- 148 |

|附錄五、同義詞測驗題本---------------------------- 151 |

|附錄六、反義詞測驗題本---------------------------- 154 |

|附錄七、多義詞測驗指導手冊------------------------ 157 |

|附錄八、同義詞測驗難度與鑑別度-------------------- 170 |

|附錄九、反義詞測驗難度與鑑別度-------------------- 171 |

|附表目次 |

|表3-1-1 初選個案之閱讀理解困難篩選測驗次數分配表- 46 |

|表3-1-2 複選個案之托尼非語文智力測驗次數分配表--- 47 |

|表3-1-3 研究對象之基本資料表--------------------- 48 |

|表3-2-1 閱讀理解困難篩選測驗的百分比與平均數摘要表49 |

|表3-2-2 研究者及教師初選造句詞彙分析表----------- 53 |

|表3-2-3 詞彙測驗內容分析表----------------------- 53 |

|表4-1-1 閱讀困難學生之詞彙、識字、閱讀及智力得分摘要表 67 |

|表4-1-2 閱讀困難學生詞彙能力、識字能力、閱讀能力及智力間之相關係數摘要表-----68 |

|表4-1-3 主成分摘要表(未轉軸)------------------- 71 |

|表4-1-4 主成分摘要表(未轉軸)------------------- 72 |

|表4-2-1 全體受試看圖說故事12種詞類的口語詞彙出現百分比之分析表----- 74 |

|表4-2-2 全體受試自發性說故事12種詞類的口語詞彙出現百分比之分析表-----76 |

|表4-2-3 全體受試看圖說故事與自發性說故事12種詞類的口語詞彙出現百分比之分析表 -----77 |

|表4-3-1 閱讀理解困難學生6種詞類之詞彙讀音得分分析表-85 |

|表4-3-2 閱讀理解困難學生6種詞類之詞彙意義表達分析表-86 |

|表4-3-3 閱讀理解困難學生6種詞類之詞彙意義表達之變異數分析摘要表----- 86 |

|表4-3-4 閱讀理解困難學生同義詞、反義詞及多義詞測驗得分及t考驗摘要表-----87 |

|表4-4-1 閱讀理解困難篩選測驗之Z分數次數分配表---- 93 |

|表4-4-2 本研究閱讀障礙之理解能力和識字能力Z分數摘要表-94 |

|表4-4-3 識字困難之閱讀障礙個案資料摘要表 ---------100 |

|表4-4-4 識字正常之閱讀障礙個案資料摘要表--------- 106 |

|表4-4-5 閱讀障礙學生與一般五年級學生之3種書面詞彙意義理解得分平均數考驗結果摘要表----- 111 |

|附圖目次 |

|圖2-1-1 閱讀成份簡單結構關係圖------------------- 11 |

|圖2-1-2 閱讀系統訊息處理結構模式圖--------------- 13 |

|圖2-1-3 本研究架構擬定之閱讀成份結構圖------------14 |

|圖3-3 閱讀理解困難學生之詞彙能力架構圖----------60 |

|圖5-1 閱讀理解、識字能力及書面詞彙能力之關係圖- 71 |

|[參考文獻] |

|一、中文部份 |

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|包美伶(民78):學前兒童語言表達能力與有關因素之研究。國立台灣師範大學特殊教育研究所碩士論文,未出版。 |

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|研習會編印。 |

|林玟慧(民84):閱讀理解策略教學對國中閱讀障礙學生閱讀效果之研究。國立台灣師範大學特殊教育系碩士論文,未出版。 |

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|陳秀芬(民87):中文一般字彙知識教學在增進國小識字困難學生識字學習成效之探討。國立台灣師範大學特殊教育研究所碩士論文,未出版|

|。 |

|陳怡佐(民78):學前聽覺障礙兒童詞彙理解能力與有關因素之研究。國立台灣師範大學特殊教育研究所碩士論文,未出版。 |

|陳美芳(民74):「修訂魏氏兒童智力量表」對國小閱讀障礙兒童的診斷功能力之探討。國立台灣師範大學輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版。 |

|陳美芳(民86):國小學童聽覺理解與聽覺記憶能力之研究─不同國語文程度學生的比較,特殊教育研究學刊,15,293-305。 |

|陳美芳(民88):學童口語理解能力之研究。載於學童閱讀困難的鑑定與診斷研討會文集(PP.63-90)。國立中正大學心理學系認知科學研究|

|中心。 |

|陳淑麗(民85):閱讀障礙學童聲韻能力發展之研究。國立台東師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版。 |

|陳慶順(民89):識字困難學生與普通學生識字認知成分之比較研究。國立台灣師範大學特殊教育系碩士論文,未出版。 |

|曾世杰(民85):閱讀障礙:研究方法簡介。載於曾進興主編,語言病理學基礎第二卷。台北市:心理出版社。 |

|曾怡惇(民81):台北市國小啟智班中度智能不足兒童與普通兒童口語表達能力之比較研究。國立台灣師範大學特殊教育研究所碩士論文,未|

|出版。 |

|曾雅瑛(民90):國民小學中文詞彙閱讀測驗之編製。台南師範學院國民教育研究所碩士論文,未出版。 |

|程祥徽、王小琳(民81):現代漢語。台北市:書林書店。 |

|黃秀霜(民87):中文年級認字量表之編製報告及不同國語成就兒童認錯字組分析(一)。行政院國家科學委員會專題研究計畫。 |

|黃秀霜(民88a):中文認字能力之評量與診斷分析。載於學童閱讀困難的鑑定與診斷研討會文集(PP.91-109)。國立中正大學心理學系認知|

|科學研究中心。 |

|黃秀霜(民88b):中文年級認字量表施測說明。行政院國家科學委員會特殊教育工作小組印行。 |

|楊秀文(民90):不同語文理解類型學生之識字能力、聽覺詞彙、聲韻處理及工作記憶之比較。國立台灣師範大學特殊教育研究所碩士論文,|

|未出版。 |

|楊國樞、楊有維、蕭育汾(民73):學前與國小兒童口頭語言之發展及其相關因素。載於楊國樞、張春興(民73)編著:中國兒童行為的發展|

|。台北市:環宇出版社。 |

|楊憲明(民89):中英文閱讀障礙比較初探。八十八學年度輔導區特殊教育研究會手冊,台北市:國立台灣大學特殊教育中心編印。 |

|楊燕昌(民85):新編同義反義詞典。香港:海峰出版社。 |

|楊麗仙(民74):學前兒童對空間關係詞的理解與應用。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文,未出版。 |

|溫詩麗(民85):北市國小閱讀障礙資源班學生認知能力組型之研究。國立台灣師範大學特殊教育研究所碩士論文,未出版。 |

|劉英茂、莊仲仁、吳瑞屯(民76):中文詞及敘述單位分析原則。中華心理學刊,29(1),51-61。 |

|鄭涵元(民83):詞的閱讀學習策略對國小兒童閱讀理解影響效果之實驗研究。國立台灣師範大學心理與輔導研究所碩士論文,未出版。 |

|錡寶香(民88):口語述說:理論、評量與學習障礙。迎千禧談特教。中華民國特殊教育學會編印。 |

|戴宜蓉(民75):學前兒童對空間指示詞的理解與運用。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文,未出版。 |

|謝娜敏(民71):中文字與詞的閱讀與語音轉錄。國立台灣大學心理學研究所碩士論文,未出版。 |

|羅肇錦(民82):國語學。台北市:五南圖書出版公司。 |

|蘇淑貞、宋維村、徐澄清(民73):中國閱讀障礙學童之類型及智力測驗。中華心理學刊,26(1),41-48。 |

|二、英文部份 |

|Aaron, P. G. & Joshi, R. M. (1992). Reading Problems: Consultation and Remediation. New York: The Guilford Press. |

|Aaron, P. G., Joshi, M., & Williams, K. A. (1999). Not all reading disabilities are alike. Journal of Learning Disabilities,|

|32, 120-137. |

|American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, ed. Washington D. C.: |

|Author. |

|Bender, W. N. (1995).Learning disabilities: Characteristics, identification, and teaching strategies. Needham Heights, Mass:|

|Allyn and Bacon. |

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|Componential analysis of individual differences in children’s reading efficiency. In T. H. Carr & B. A. Levy (Eds.), Reading|

|and its Development : Component skills approaches. New York: Academic Press Inc. |

|Catts, H. W. & Kamhi, A. (1999). Causes of reading disabilities. In H. W. Catts & A. Kamhi Eds, Language and reading |

|disabilities. Chapter 5, Pp 95-117. |

|Chu, C. P. (1969). An inverstigation of the development of language and vocabulary in elementary school children. Acta |

|Psychological Taiwamnica, 3, 57-74. |

|Conners, F. & Olson, R. (1990). Reading comprehension in dyslexic and normal readers: A component skills analysis. In D. A. |

|Balota, G. B. Floresd’ Arcais, & K. Ranyner (Eds.) , Comprehension Processes in Reading . Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum. |

|Cunningham, A. E., Stanovich, K. E., & Wilson, M. R. (1990). Cognitive variation in adult college students differing in |

|reading ability. In T. H. Carr & B. A. Levy (Eds.), Reading and its Development : Component skills approaches. New York: |

|Academic Press Inc. |

|Daly, W. (2000). Diagnostic importance of standardized vocabulary analysis. Education, 120(4), 782-787. |

|Feagans, L. & Short, E. J. (1989). Developmental differences in the comprehension and production of narratives by reading |

|disabled and normally achieving children. Child Development, 19, 1728-1736. |

|Gagn’e, E. D., Yekovich, C. W., & Yekovich, F. R., (1993). The Cognitive Psychology of School Learning (2nd ed.). New York: |

|Harper Collins College Publishers. |

|Gerber, A. (1993). Language-related learning disabilities. Baltimore, MD:Brookes. |

|Gillam, R. & Johnston, J. R. (1992). Spoken and written language relationship in language/learning —impaired and normally |

|achieving school-age children. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research, 35, 1303-1315. |

|Graves, M. F. (1989). A quantitative and qualitative study of elementary school children’s vocabularies. Journal of |

|Education Research, 82(4), 203-209. |

|Hallahan, D. P., Kauffman, J. M., & Lloyd, J. W. (1999). Introduction to Learning Disabilities. Needham Heights, Mass: Allyn|

|and Bacon. |

|Johnson, D. D. & Pearson ,P. D. (1978). Teaching reading vocabulary. Holt, Rinehart and Winston. |

|Kamhi, A. & Catts, H. W. (1999). Language and reading: Convergences and divergences. In H. W. Catts & A. Kamhi Eds, Language|

|and Reading Disabilities. Chapter 3-4, Pp 50-117. |

|Kamhi, A. G. & Catts, H. W. (1991). Reading disabilities: Terminology, definitions, and sub typing issues. In A. G. Kamhi & |

|H. W. Catts(Eds.), Reading disabilities: A developmental language perspective. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon. |

|Kitao, S. K. & Kitao, K. (1996). Testing vocabulary. (ERIC document:398 254). |

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|Ludwing, J. (1978). Factors affecting vocabulary learning in a second language. (ERIC document: 210 937). |

|Paul, P. V. (1989). Depth of vocabulary knowledge and reading: Implication for hearing and learning disabled students. |

|Academic Therapy, 25(1), 13-23. |

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|impaired word recognition and phonological processing in dyslexic men. Archives of Neurology, 54, 562-573. |

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|depth. (ERIC document:380 993) |

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|Merrill. |

|系統編號: |

|083NTNU2284008 |

| |

|出版年: |

|- |

| |

|研究生: |

|林玟慧 |

| |

|學號: |

| |

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|論文名稱: |

|閱讀理解策略教學對國中閱讀障礙學生閱讀效果之研究 |

| |

|指導教授: |

|洪儷瑜 Hong, Li Yu |

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|學位類別: |

|碩士 |

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|校院名稱: |

|國立臺灣師範大學 |

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|系所名稱: |

|特殊教育研究所 |

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|學年度: |

|83 |

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|語文別: |

|中文 |

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|論文頁數: |

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|開放範圍: |

|不開放 |

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|中文關鍵字: |

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|英文關鍵字: |

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|[摘要] |

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|[ 論文目次 ] |

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|[參考文獻] |

| |

|系統編號: |

|091TMTC0742007 |

| |

|出版年: |

|2003 |

| |

|研究生: |

|歐素惠 |

| |

|學號: |

|G89505 |

| |

|論文名稱: |

|三種詞彙教學法對閱讀障礙兒童的詞彙學習與閱讀理解之成效研究 |

| |

|指導教授: |

|王瓊珠 |

| |

|學位類別: |

|碩士 |

| |

| |

|校院名稱: |

|臺北市立師範學院 |

| |

| |

|系所名稱: |

|身心障礙教育研究所 |

| |

| |

|學年度: |

|91 |

| |

| |

|語文別: |

|中文 |

| |

| |

|論文頁數: |

|152 |

| |

| |

|開放範圍: |

|網際網路 |

| |

| |

|中文關鍵字: |

|詞彙教學 ,閱讀障礙 ,詞彙學習 ,閱讀理解 |

| |

| |

|英文關鍵字: |

|vocabulary instruction ,reading disability ,vocabulary learning ,reading comprehension |

| |

| |

|[摘要] |

|本研究主要目的在探討閱讀障礙兒童接受不同詞彙教學法之後,其詞彙學習表現與閱讀理解能力是否有改善,並比較何種詞彙教學法的教學效|

|果較佳。以二位六年級閱讀障礙兒童為受試者,採單一受試研究法中之多處理設計方式來進行。自變項為三種詞彙教學活動,即詞彙定義教學|

|法、語意構圖教學法和文句脈絡教學法;依變項包括詞彙學習表現和閱讀理解表現,其中詞彙學習表現又包含識詞率、詞義記憶和詞用能力三|

|個向度。在教學實驗過程中,收集個案的「各單元詞彙評量」和「各單元閱讀理解測驗」的答對率,以分析不同詞彙教學法的教學成效。 |

|本研究結果如下: |

|一、 三種詞彙教學法對受試者的詞彙學習皆有正向的教學效果,其中以文句脈絡教學法的教學效果較佳。 |

|二、 詞彙定義教學法和語意構圖教學法的詞彙學習成效在教學實驗前後期的教學效果不一致。 |

|三、 詞彙定義教學法和語意構圖教學法有益於「詞義記憶」的學習。 |

|四、 三種詞彙教學法在「識詞率」和「詞用能力」的詞彙學習向度上之效果不一致。 |

|五、 三種詞彙教學法對受試者的閱讀理解學習皆有正向的教學效果,其中以語意構圖教學法和文句脈絡教學法的教學效果較佳。 |

|六、 語意構圖教學法的閱讀理解學習成效略優於文句脈絡教學法,但成效穩定性不足。 |

|根據上述結論,研究者分別對實務教學與未來相關研究提出具體建議。 |

|The purposes of this study were to explore and to compare the effects of three vocabulary instruction strategies on |

|vocabulary learning and reading comprehension for two sixth graders with reading disabilities through a multiple treatment |

|design. The independent variables were three vocabulary instruction strategies: word definition, semantic mapping, and |

|context clues. The dependent variables were students'' performance on vocabulary and reading comprehension tests. The |

|vocabulary test involved three components: word recognition, word meaning, and word usage. |

|The major findings were summarized as followings: |

|1. All the three vocabulary instruction strategies had positive effects on two subjects'' learning, and the effect of using |

|context clues was the best. |

|2. The effects of word definition and semantic mapping instruction strategies on vocabulary learning were inconsistent at |

|different phases of intervention. |

|3. Word definition and semantic mapping instruction strategies were beneficial to subjects'' word meaning acquisition. |

|4. The effects of word recognition and word usage were various among the three vocabulary instruction strategies. |

|5. All the three vocabulary instruction strategies had positive effects on subjects'' reading comprehension, and the |

|semantic mapping as well as the context clues instruction strategies got better results. |

|6. The semantic mapping instruction strategy seemed to yield a better reading comprehension scores than the strategy of |

|using context clues, however, its effect was not completely proved. |

|According to the findings, several suggestions for reading instruction and future research were proposed. |

|Keywords: vocabulary instruction, reading disability, vocabulary |

|learning, reading comprehension. |

|[ 論文目次 ] |

|目  錄 |

|第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………1 |

|第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………………1 |

|第二節 待答問題…………………………………………………6 |

|第三節 名詞釋義…………………………………………………7 |

|第二章 文獻探討…………………………………………………..…10 |

|第一節 閱讀障礙兒童的學習問題與詞彙學習特徵…………..10 |

|第二節 詞彙的基本概念..………………………………………15 |

|第三節 詞彙與閱讀理解的研究……………………………..…21 |

|第四節 詞彙教學的相關研究………………………………..…26 |

|第三章 研究方法…………………………………………………..…53 |

|第一節 研究設計……………………………………………..…53 |

|第二節 研究對象……………………………………………..…57 |

|第三節 研究工具……………………………………………..…63 |

|第四節 教學設計……………………………………………..…66 |

|第五節 研究步驟……………………………………………..…74 |

|第六節 資料處理與分析……………………………………..…77 |

|第四章 研究結果與討論…………………………………………..…80 |

|第一節 三種詞彙教學法在各階段詞彙學習成效之差異分析..80 |

|第二節 三種詞彙教學法在不同詞彙學習向度之成效分析…..89 |

|第三節 三種詞彙教學法在各階段閱讀理解學習成效之差異分析………………………………………………………..97 |

|第四節 三種詞彙教學法之閱讀理解學習成效前後測分析…105 |

|第五節 討論……………………………………………………108 |

|第五章 結論與建議…………………………………………………115 |

|第一節 結論……………………………………………………115 |

|第二節 研究限制與建議………………………………………119 |

|參考資料………………………………………………………………124 |

|附錄 |

|附錄一 詞彙學習成就測驗…………………………………………131 |

|附錄二 各單元詞彙評量……………………………………………136 |

|附錄三 各單元閱讀理解測驗………………………………………139 |

|附錄四 教學短文……………………………………………………140 |

|附錄五 教學詞彙詞頻………………………………………………141 |

|附錄六 詞彙定義教學作業單………………………………………145 |

|附錄七 語意構圖教學作業單………………………………………146 |

|附錄八 文句脈絡教學作業單………………………………………147 |

|附錄九 教學實驗前期之語意構圖範例……………………………148 |

|附錄十 教學實驗後期之語意構圖範例……………………………149 |

|附錄十一 詞彙共同屬性歸類範例…………………………………150 |

|附錄十二 文句脈絡教學法的再應用………………………………151 |

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|系統編號: |

|091TMTC0742009 |

| |

|出版年: |

|2003 |

| |

|研究生: |

|陳姝蓉 |

| |

|學號: |

|G89509 |

| |

|論文名稱: |

|故事結構教學對增進國小閱讀障礙學生閱讀理解能力之研究 |

| |

|指導教授: |

|王瓊珠 Chiung-chu Wang |

| |

|學位類別: |

|碩士 |

| |

| |

|校院名稱: |

|臺北市立師範學院 |

| |

| |

|系所名稱: |

|身心障礙教育研究所 |

| |

| |

|學年度: |

|91 |

| |

| |

|語文別: |

|中文 |

| |

| |

|論文頁數: |

|123 |

| |

| |

|開放範圍: |

|不開放 |

| |

| |

|中文關鍵字: |

|故事結構 ,教學 ,閱讀障礙學生 ,閱讀理解能力 ,國小閱讀障礙學生 ,故事結構教學 |

| |

| |

|英文關鍵字: |

|Story Grammar ,instuction ,Students with Reading Disabilities ,Reading Comprehension ,Elementary Students with Reading |

|Disabilitie ,Story Grammar Instruction |

| |

| |

|[摘要] |

|故事結構教學對增進國小閱讀障礙學生閱讀理解能力之研究 |

|陳姝蓉 |

|摘 要 |

|本研究主要目的在探討國小閱讀障礙學生接受故事結構教學後,其故事結構能力與故事理解能力是否獲得提昇。採立意取樣的方式選取國小二|

|年級的閱讀障礙學生五名接受故事結構教學實驗課程,以單一受試研究法之ABA΄實驗設計進行;自變項為故事結構教學,教導學生習|

|得基本的六項故事結構元素(主角、情境、開始事件、主角反應、事件與發展以及結果),並在短篇故事與繪本故事的閱讀活動中學習運用故|

|事結構策略,共計24節教學;依變項包括故事結構能力與故事理解能力兩項,分析實驗前、中、後等能力的進步情形,最後計算出兩項資料的|

|相關係數,以了解兩項能力之間的相關情形。 |

|研究結果顯示: |

|一、故事結構教學對增進五位受試者之故事結構能力具有教學成效以及保留效果。 |

|二、六項故事結構元素中以「主角」與「情境」兩項結構的學習效果最穩定。 |

|三、故事結構教學對增進四位受試者之故事理解能力具有教學成效以及保留效果,但穩定性較故事結構能力之提昇低。 |

|四、故事理解的不同層面方面,三類理解題目皆具有教學成效及保留效果,其中尤以理解推理與字詞義兩類的提昇效果較大,內容記憶類的提|

|昇效果較小。 |

|五、故事結構能力與故事理解能力之間有四位受試者呈現出顯著的相關,但有一位沒有。 |

|根據上述結論,研究者分別對實務教學與未來相關研究提出具體建議。 |

|The Effect of Story Grammar Instruction on the Reading Comprehension of Elementary Students with Reading Disabilities |

|Chu-Jung Chen |

|Abstract |

|The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of story grammar instruction on the reading comprehension of five |

|second-grade elementary students with reading disabilities through a single-subject ABA'''' design. The independent variable|

|was story grammar instruction, which focused on identifying six important story grammar components, including main |

|character, setting, initial event, reaction, events, and consequence. The dependent variables were the scores of story |

|grammar questions and story comprehension tests. |

|The major findings were summarized as follows: |

|1. Story grammar instruction increased five subjects'''' scores of story grammar questions and its effectiveness lasted for |

|at least three weeks. |

|2. All subjects'''' performance in six story grammar components were improved, especially in main character and setting. |

|3. Story grammar instruction increased four subjects'''' scores on story comprehension tests and its effectiveness lasted |

|for at least three weeks. |

|4. All three dimensions of reading comprehension were improved for these four subjects, especially in word meaning and |

|inferential comprehension. |

|5. Results showed the positive relationship between story grammar knowledge and story comprehension. |

|Keywords: story grammar instruction, reading disability, reading comprehension. |

|[ 論文目次 ] |

|目 錄 |

|中文摘要………………………………………………………………I |

|英文摘要………………………………………………………………II |

|第一章 緒論 |

|第一節 研究動機與目的…………………………………………01 |

|第二節 研究假設…………………………………………………03 |

|第三節 名詞釋義…………………………………………………03 |

|第二章 文獻探討 |

|第一節 基模理論與閱讀理解……………………………………06 |

|第二節 故事結構分析……………………………………………10 |

|第三節 故事結構教學運用在閱讀障礙學生的相關研究………18 |

|第三章 研究方法 |

|第一節 研究設計…………………………………………………35 |

|第二節 研究對象…………………………………………………40 |

|第三節 研究工具…………………………………………………43 |

|第四節 課程設計…………………………………………………45 |

|第五節 研究程序…………………………………………………52 |

|第六節 資料處理與分析…………………………………………52 |

|第四章 研究結果 |

|第一節 故事結構問題之結果分析………………………………57 |

|第二節 故事理解測驗之結果分析………………………………73 |

|第三節 故事結構與故事理解之相關……………………………90 |

|第五章 結果討論 |

|第一節 故事結構能力結果討論…………………………………91 |

|第二節 故事理解能力結果討論…………………………………96 |

|第三節 故事結構能力與故事理解能力相關之討論……………101 |

|第六章 結論與建議 |

|第一節 結論………………………………………………………103 |

|第二節 研究限制…………………………………………………106 |

|第三節 建議………………………………………………………107 |

|參考文獻………………………………………………………………111 |

|附 錄 |

|附錄一 故事繪本內容句型變化評量表……………………………116 |

|附錄二 故事內容概念問題單………………………………………118 |

|附錄三 教學過程舉例………………………………………………121 |

|表 次 |

|表2-2-1故事結構分類表……………………………………………13 |

|表2-3-1故事結構教學相關研究摘要表……………………………20 |

|表3-2-1受試者基本資料摘要表……………………………………41 |

|表3-4-1故事內容字數統計表………………………………………46 |

|表3-4-2故事繪本摘要表……………………………………………48 |

|表3-7-1故事結構要素計分標準……………………………………53 |

|表4-1-1受試甲各項故事結構要素得分表…………………………58 |

|表4-1-2受試甲不同實驗階段故事結構總分資料摘要表…………59 |

|表4-1-3受試甲故事結構總分之C統計摘要表……………………60 |

|表4-1-4受試乙各項故事結構要素得分表…………………………61 |

|表4-1-5受試乙不同實驗階段故事結構總分資料摘要表…………62 |

|表4-1-6受試乙故事結構總分之C統計摘要表……………………63 |

|表4-1-7受試丙各項故事結構要素得分表…………………………64 |

|表4-1-8受試丙不同實驗階段故事結構總分資料摘要表…………65 |

|表4-1-9受試丙故事結構總分之C統計摘要表……………………66 |

|表4-1-10受試丁各項故事結構要素得分表……………………….67 |

|表4-1-11受試丁不同實驗階段故事結構總分資料摘要表……….68 |

|表4-1-12受試丁故事結構總分之C統計摘要表………………….69 |

|表4-1-13受試戊各項故事結構要素得分表……………………….69 |

|表4-1-14受試戊不同實驗階段故事結構總分資料摘要表……….71 |

|表4-1-15受試戊故事結構總分之C統計摘要表………………….72 |

|表4-2-1受試甲不同實驗階段故事理解測驗資料摘要表…………74 |

|表4-2-2受試甲故事理解測驗答對百分比之C統計摘要表………75 |

|表4-2-3受試甲各實驗階段中不同理解層面問題答對情形………76 |

|表4-2-4受試乙不同實驗階段故事理解測驗資料摘要表…………77 |

|表4-2-5受試乙故事理解測驗答對百分比之C統計摘要表………78 |

|表4-2-6受試乙各實驗階段中不同理解層面問題答對情形………79 |

|表4-2-7受試丙不同實驗階段故事理解測驗資料摘要表…………80 |

|表4-2-8受試丙故事理解測驗答對百分比之C統計摘要表………81 |

|表4-2-9受試丙各實驗階段中不同理解層面問題答對情形………82 |

|表4-2-10受試丁不同實驗階段故事理解測驗資料摘要表.………83 |

|表4-2-11受試丁故事理解測驗答對百分比之C統計摘要表.……84 |

|表4-2-12受試丁各實驗階段中不同理解層面問題答對情形.……85 |

|表4-2-13受試戊不同實驗階段故事理解測驗資料摘要表.………87 |

|表4-2-14受試戊故事理解測驗答對百分比之C統計摘要表…….87 |

|表4-2-15受試戊各實驗階段中不同理解層面問題答對情形.……88 |

|表5-1-1各實驗階段故事結構總分之平均摘要表…………………91 |

|表5-2-1各實驗階段故事理解測驗答對率之平均摘要表…………97 |

|[參考文獻] |

|參考書目 |

|一、中文部分 |

|王文科(民83):認知發展理論與教育。台北:五南。 |

|王家珍(民88):讀寫結合的修辭教學對國小兒童寫作修辭能力之影響。國立花蓮師範學院國民教育碩士論文。未出版。 |

|王瓊珠(民88):閱讀復甦方案簡介。特殊教育季刊,73,19-22。 |

|王瓊珠(民89):編選課外閱讀材料指南。學習障礙資訊站,10,29-32。 |

|王瓊珠(民90):台灣地區讀寫障礙研究回顧與展望。國家科學委員會研究彙刊:人文及社會科學,11(4),331-344。 |

|杜正治(民83):單一受試研究法。台北:心理。 |

|谷瑞勉譯(民88):鷹架兒童的學習-維高斯基與幼兒教育。台北:心理。 |

|李永吟(民86):學習輔導-學習心理學的應用。台北:心理。 |

|余民寧(民86):有意義的學習-概念構圖之研究。台北:商鼎文化。 |

|林清山譯(民81):教育心理學-認知取向。台北:遠流。 |

|林美珍(民85):兒童認知發展。台北:心理。 |

|林敏宜(民89):圖畫書的欣賞與應用。台北:心理。 |

|柯華葳(民88):閱讀理解困難篩選測驗。國立中正大學。未出版。 |

|洪月女譯(民87):談閱讀。台北:心理。 |

|張世忠(民89):建構主義-理論與運用。台北:五南。 |

|陳李綢(民81):認知發展與輔導。台北:心理。 |

|黃秀霜(民90):中文年級認字量表。台北:心理。 |

|黃慧真譯(民83):認知過程的原理-補救與特殊教育上的運用。台北:心理。 |

|黃瑞珍(民88):故事結構分析法在語言學習障礙兒童教學之應用。國小特殊教育,27,4-10。 |

|黃瑞琴(民86):幼兒的語文經驗。台北:五南。 |

|黃淑娟(民89):國小學童圖畫書導賞教學及其插畫反應探討。國立台南師範學院國民教育碩士論文。未出版。 |

|鄭昭明(民82):認知心理學理論與實踐。台北:桂冠。 |

|蔡美華等譯(民88):單一受試設計與分析。台北:五南。 |

|蔡銘津(民84):文章結構分析策略教學對增進學童閱讀理解與寫作成效之研究。國立高雄師範大學教育學系博士論文。未出版。 |

|鍾聖校(民81):認知心理學。台北:心理。 |

|二、英文部分 |

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|Bauman, J. F., & Bergeron, B. S. (1990). Story map instruction using children''''s Literature: Effects on first graders'''' |

|comprehension of central narrative elements. Journal of Reading Behavior, 22(4), 407-437. |

|Beck, I. L., & McKeown, M. G. (1981). Developing questions that promote comprehension: The story map. Language Arts, 58(8), |

|913-918. |

|Briggs, L., & Pailliotet, A. W. (1997). A story about grammar and power. Journal of Basic Writing, 16(2), 46-61. |

|Cambra, C. (1994). An instructional program approach to improve hearing-impaired adolescents’ narratives: A pilot study. The|

|Volta Review, 96, 237-245. |

|Carnine, D., & Kinder, B. D. (1985). Teaching low-performing students to apply generative and schema strategies to narrative|

|and expository material. Remedial and Special Education, 6(1), 20-30. |

|Cudd, E. T., & Roberts, L. L. (1987). Using story frames to develop reading comprehension in a first grade classroom. |

|Reading Teacher, 41(1), 74-79. |

|Davis, Z. T., & McPherson, M. D. (1989). Story map instruction: A road map for reading comprehension. Reading Teacher, |

|43(3), 232-240. |

|Dimino, J. A. (1995). Synthesis of the research on story grammar as a means to increase comprehension. Reading & Writing |

|Quarterly: Overcoming Learning Difficulities, 11(1), 53-72. |

|Dimino, J. A., Gersten, R., Carnine, D., & Blake, G. (1990). Story grammar: An approach for promoting at-risk secondary |

|students'''' comprehension of literature. Elementary School Journal, 91(1), 19-32. |

|Fitzerald, J. (1987). Story structure and writing. Academic Therapy, 22(3), 255-262. |

|Fitzgerald, J. & Spiegel, D. L. (1985). Development of children’s knowledge of story structure and content. Journal of |

|Education Research, 79(2), 101-108. |

|Fitzgerald, J. & Teasley, A. B. (1986). Effects of instruction in narrative structure on children’s writing. Journal of |

|Education Psychology, 78(6), 424-432. |

|Gambrell, L. B., & Chasen, S. P. (1991). Explicit story structure instruction and the narrative writing of fourth- and |

|fifth-grade below-average readers. Reading Research & Instruction, 31(1), 54-62. |

|Gajria, M., & Salvia, J. (1992). The effects of summarization instruction on text comprehension of students with learning |

|disabilities. Exceptional Children, 508-516. |

|Gardill, M. C., & Jitendra, A. K. (1999). Advanced story map instruction: Effects on the reading comprehension of students |

|with learning disabilities. Journal of Special Education, 33(1), 2-17. |

|Gersten, R. (1998). Recent advances in instructional research for students with learning disabilities:An overview. Learning|

|Disabilities Research & Practice, 13(3), 162-170. |

|Gersten, R., & Dimino, J. (1989). Teaching literature to at-risk students. Educational Leadership, 46(5), 53-57. |

|Gibbs, C. (1988). Over the page…around the pictures…and into the squiggles. Australian Journal of Reading, 11(1), 22-35. |

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|Research, 4(2), 87-95. |

|Lehr, F. (1987). ERIC/RCS: Story grammar. Reading Teacher, 40(6), 550-552. |

|Luetke-Stahlman, B., Griffths, C., & Montgomery, N. (1998). Development of text structure knowledge as assessed by spoken |

|and signed retellings of a deaf second-grade student. American Annals of The Deaf, 143(4), 337-346. |

|Mathes, P. G. (1997). Cooperative story mapping. Rase: Remedial & Special Education, 18(1), 20-27. |

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|McConaughy, S. H. (1982). Developmental changes in story comprehension and levels of questioning. Language Arts, 59(6), |

|580-589. |

|Montague, M. (1988). Story grammar and learning disabled students’ comprehension and production of narrative prose. (ERIC |

|document: 302 819). |

|Montague, M., Maddux, C. D., & Dereshiwsky, M. I. (1990). Story grammar and comprehension and production of narrative prose |

|by students with learning disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities,23(3), 190-197. |

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|implications. (ERIC document: 288 178). |

|Page, J. L., & Stewart, S. R. (1985). Story grammar skills in school-age children. Topics in Language Disorders, 5(2), |

|16-30. |

|Peck, J. (1989). Using storytelling to promote language and literacy development. Reading Teacher, 43(2), 138-141. |

|Reutzel, D. R. (1986b). Clozing in on comprehension: The cloze story map. Reading Teacher, 39(6), 524-528. |

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|to improve reading comprehension fluency and word recognition. (ERIC document: 335 813). |

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