This is the table of contents and a sample chapter …

This is the table of contents and

a sample chapter from WSO Water

Treatment, Grade 2, get your full copy

from AWWA.

wso

? 2016 American Water Works Association

Contents

Chapter 1 Basic Microbiology and Chemistry

Chemical Formulas and Equations

Moles and Molarity

Equivalent Weights and Normality

Dilution Calculations

Standard Solutions

1

1

6

7

8

12

Chapter 2 Operator Math

Volume Measurements

Conversions

Average Daily Flow

Surface Overflow Rate

Weir Overflow Rate

Filter Loading Rate

Filter Backwash Rate

Mudball Calculation

Detention Time

Pressure

Flow Rate Problems

Chemical Dosage Problems

15

Chapter 3 USEPA Water Regulations

Types of Water Systems

Disinfection B

? y-?product and Microbial Regulations

71

Chapter 4 Coagulation and Flocculation Process Operation

Operation of the Processes

Dosage Control

Safety Precautions

Record Keeping

89

Chapter 5 Sedimentation and Clarifiers

Process Description

Sedimentation Facilities

Other Clarification Processes

Regulations

Operation of the Process

97

15

22

30

33

36

38

41

43

44

47

52

55

71

72

89

93

93

94

97

98

104

107

107

iii

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iv WSO Water Treatment Grade 2

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Chapter 6 Filtration

Equipment Associated With Gravity Filters

Operation of Gravity Filters

Pressure Filtration

Regulations

Safety Precautions

Record Keeping

115

Chapter 7 Chlorine Disinfection

Gas Chlorination Facilities

Hypochlorination Facilities

Operation of the Chlorination Process

Chlorination Operating Problems

Safety Precautions

Record Keeping

143

Chapter 8 Iron and Manganese Treatment

Excessive Iron and Manganese

Control Processes

Control Facilities

Regulations

Manganese Greensand Filter Operation

Process Monitoring

Operating Problems

Record Keeping

173

Chapter 9 Fluoridation Process Operation

Operation of the Fluoridation Process

Fluoridation Operating Problems

Control Tests

Safety Precautions

Record Keeping

191

Chapter 10 Water Quality Testing

Testing and Laboratory Procedures

Physical and Aggregate Properties of Water

199

Chapter 11 Corrosion Control

Purposes of Corrosion and Scaling Control

Water System Corrosion

Scale Formation

Corrosion and Scaling Control Methods

Corrosion and Scaling Control Facilities

Chemical Feed Equipment

221

Chapter 12 Lime Softening

Lime Softening Chemical Reactions

Lime Softening Facilities

Regulations

237

115

123

135

138

138

139

143

155

157

162

165

170

173

175

178

182

182

188

188

188

191

193

194

195

196

199

209

221

222

226

227

230

233

237

239

244

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Contents v

Chapter 13 Ion Exchange

Ion Exchange Softening

Facilities

Operation of Ion Exchange Processes

Operating Problems

Ion Exchange for Removal of Arsenic, Barium, Radium, Nitrate,

TOC, and Uranium

Activated Alumina Fluoride Removal Process

Adsorptive Media

247

Chapter 14 Activated Carbon Adsorption

The Principle of Adsorption

Adsorption Facilities

Powdered Activated Carbon

Granular Activated Carbon

Regulations

Operating Procedures for Adsorption

Operating Problems

Control Tests

Record Keeping

261

Chapter 15 Aeration

Water-Into-Air Aerators

Air-Into-Water Aerators

Combination Aerators

279

Chapter 16 Membrane Treatment

Microfiltration Facilities

Pleated Membrane Facilities

Reverse Osmosis Facilities

291

Chapter 17 Plant Waste Treatment and Disposal

Removal of Sludge from Conventional Sedimentation Processes

Softening Sludge Handling, Dewatering,

and Disposal

Solids Separation Technologies

303

Chapter 18 Instrumentation and Control Systems

Flow, Pressure, and Level Measurement

Other Operational Control Instruments

Automation

Computerization

313

Chapter 19 Centrifugal Pumps

Operation of Centrifugal Pumps

Centrifugal Pump Maintenance

Record Keeping

Pump Safety

321

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247

247

252

254

255

257

257

261

262

263

265

268

268

272

273

276

279

284

285

291

294

297

303

305

306

313

316

317

318

321

325

336

336

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vi WSO Water Treatment Grade 2

Chapter 20 Treatment Plant Safety and Security Practices

Treatment Plant Safety Review

Plant Security

339

Chapter 21 Administration, Records, and Reporting Procedures

Process Records

Reporting

Plant Performance Reports

Public Relations

355

Chapter 22

Additional Level 2 Study Questions

Study Question Answers

Glossary 379

Index 387

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339

348

355

359

360

360

363

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