EGADE Lecture: Monterrey Economic Groups: Development and ...
EGADE Lecture: Monterrey Economic Groups: Development and Transformation
By: Anabella Davila, Ph.D.
Professor of Organization Theory and Business History
Graduate School of Business Administration and Leadership, ITESM, Campus Monterrey
Room 335, Monterrey, Mexico
May 11, 2004
Anabella.davila@itesm.mx
She is interested in studying about groups and not individual people and her presentation is based on history.
Culture has certain behaviors in Mexico and Latin America in 1960 and 1993.
• Family managed
• Hierarchical and autocratic
• Great distance between the upper and lower hierarchical levels
o 70 levels of difference between the top and bottom levels
• Jobs and tasks are based on traditions and customs
• Organizations lack HR management systems
• Decisions are centralized at the top levels
• Absence of horizontal relationships
• Norms and authority figures are rigidly respected.
• Lower sense of self-development and self-accomplishment
• Distrust in work teams.
• Passive time vision
• Unwillingness to inform employees about organizational plans and practices.
• Limited conscience for productivity and efficiency
Prior to 1993, Mexico was more protected and there was not as much world trade. BBV-Bancomer, Cemex, Alfa, and Femsa are all successful non-US companies on the Forbes 800. Monterrey companies are very successful and compare well with companies from Mexico City. Monterrey is the 2nd largest industrial center in the company after Mexico City, although it’s population of a little over 3.7M people is equivalent to only 4% of the country’s population. Nuevo Leon is a highly urbanized state. Of its total population of 3,710,942 and 85% live in the Monterrey Metropolitan Area.
Monterrey’s new government is PRI government and they will be striving toward higher value added technology. There is a large concentration, 50.2%, in employment in large industry so the government will take interest. If the large industries were going to go out of business what would the government do? They would give money to the companies. She believes that it is not only the economic environment, but that it is bad management that causes the negative company performance.
Monterrey companies are losing to competition so top management must make strategic changes.
1800’s immigrants came to Mexico for the Mexican dream and you could do anything
1850. Immigrants saw high concentration of political interest in Mexico City and they didn’t like that so they then moved to Monterrey and started to trade between Spanish and Mexican commercial houses.
1865 The US was in the war and they used the products that were from Monterrey. A port to the east was created
1930 Trade with Italy where they would change their product from blankets to wine
Monterrey built their economy around the beginning stages of the supply chain in industry. Mucho dinero is needed to start companies. Savings from individuals funded the companies because there were no banks which started the banking industry. They then built schools. The prosperous families married into other prosperous families, so it is difficult to enter into the prosperous businesses. So students can work for the companies, but can not be CEO unless you marry into the family. The companies are privately held. The US could be the exception to the world because they are more publicly held. Companies do not invest in extravagant buildings and furnishings, but that may change soon.
Bimbo (bakery) and Cemex (concrete) are prosperous, well respected companies. Also Voltzwagon.
Cemex
• Cement producer in 30 countries
• Constant aggressiveness to reach a global solid position
• Mission is to serve the global building needs of its customers and build value for its stakeholders by becoming the world’s most efficient and profitable multinational company.
• Core cement and ready-mix concrete franchise
• They encourage education for their employees
• Management systems are now standardized and everyone must produce
• Teach everything to their top management – culture, wine, how to dress, basics like finance, marketing
• English is the official language
• Human resources is highly established
• In the last 30 years, they have become global
When to apply modern practices and when to apply traditional practices is the key. Don’t keep with one leadership style because you will not succeed. Must understand and read the society. When to be autocratic, to apply control management, to reward?
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