Chapter 12- Motivation
Chapter 12- Motivation and Hunger
Motivation is………………….
What Motivates Us?
1. Instincts-
2. Drives-
3. A need for homeostasis-
4. Drive Reduction Theory-
5. Incentives ( intrinsic v extrinsic)
6. Theory of Optimal Arousal-
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs- fill in chart
What does it mean to be self- actualized?
Chapter 12- Motivation and Work
7. Motivation- The need to Achieve-
1. Intrinsic v Extrinsic- what’s the difference?
2. Achievement Motivation- page 491-
8. The Art of Motivating People-
1. Industrial- Organizational Psychology-
2. Personnel Psychology-
3. Organizational Psychology-
4. Task Leadership vs. Social Leadership-
5. Theory Y vs. Theory X
Why am I So Hungry?
1. Physiological reasons for hunger- know the Walter Cannon Study
2. Chemicals are unbalanced- How do the following influence hunger?
a. Glucose-
b. Insulin-
c. Leptin-
3. Neurotransmitters are unbalanced- Know how they influence hunger.
a. Norepinephrine-
b. Dopamine-
c. Serotonin-
4. Hypothalamus – know how they each influence hunger.
a. Lateral Hypothalamus
b. Ventromedial Hypothalamus
5. Hunger Hormones- How do the following influence hunger?
a. Insulin-
b. Orexin-
c. Ghrelin-
d. PYY-
How does Hunger affect my life?
1. Set Point-
2. Basal Metabolic Rate ( Metabolism)-
3. Memory and Hunger-
4. Modeling-
5. Anorexia vs Bulimia
Chapter 12- Motivation and Sex
Sex
1. Major Researchers
1. Alfred Kinsey- Know the study and why it is important.
2. Masters and Johnson Sexual Response Cycle-
1. Excitement-
2. Plateau-
3. Orgasm-
4. Resolution and Refractory period-
2. Hormones and Sex- How do the following influence our sexual behaviors?
1. Estrogen-
2. Testosterone-
3. Hypothalamus-
3. External Stimuli and Sexual Motivation-
a. Julia Heiman Study-
b. How do men and women compare in terms of sexual motivation?
4. Sexual Disorders-
1. Premature Ejaculation-
2. Impotence-
3. Orgasmic Disorder-
5. Why do Teens get Pregnant?
6. What “causes” homosexuality?
a. Nature Supported-
b. Nurture Supported-
|1. |Which of the following is clearly not an example of an incentive? |
|A) |$1000 |D) |smell of popcorn |
|B) |threat of punishment |E) |lack of bodily fluids |
|C) |electric shock | | |
|2. |Motivation is defined by psychologists as: |
|A) |an impulse to accomplish something of significance. |
|B) |rigidly patterned behavior characteristic of all people. |
|C) |a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior toward a goal. |
|D) |the cause of behavior. |
|3. |The set point is: |
|A) |the stage of the sexual response cycle that occurs just before orgasm. |
|B) |the body temperature of a healthy organism, for example, 98.6 degrees F in humans. |
|C) |the point at which energy expenditures from exercise and from metabolism are equal. |
|D) |the specific body weight maintained automatically by most adults over long periods of time. |
|4. |The arousal theory of motivation would be most useful for understanding the aversive effects of: |
|A) |refractory periods. |D) |boredom. |
|B) |sexual disorders. |E) |anorexia nervosa. |
|C) |hunger. | | |
|5. |The most basic or lowest-level need in Maslow's hierarchy of human motives includes the need for: |
|A) |self-esteem. |D) |food and drink. |
|B) |love and friendship. |E) |achievement. |
|C) |religious fulfillment. | | |
|With regard to the incidence of premarital sexual intercourse among Americans during the 1940s, Alfred Kinsey found that: |
|A) |nearly all men and most women reported having premarital sexual intercourse. |
|B) |most men and nearly half the women reported having premarital sexual intercourse. |
|C) |most men but very few women reported having premarital sexual intercourse. |
|D) |very few individuals of either sex admitted having premarital sexual intercourse. |
|Increases in ________ increase hunger, whereas increases in ________ decrease hunger. |
|A) |insulin; blood glucose |C) |leptin; orexin |
|B) |blood glucose; leptin |D) |orexin; insulin |
|If researchers wanted to improve upon the scientific accuracy of Alfred Kinsey's research on American sexual practices, their |
|first concern should involve: |
|A) |using telephone rather than face-to-face interviews. |
|B) |interviewing a larger number of people. |
|C) |having females rather than males interview the female respondents. |
|D) |interviewing a more representative sample of the American population. |
|The brain structure that detects sex hormone levels and activates sexual arousal is the: |
|A) cerebellum. B) amygdala. C) hypothalamus. D) medulla. E) thalamus. |
| |
| |
|10. |For a thirsty person, drinking water serves to reduce: |
|A) |homeostasis. |D) |the refractory period. |
|B) |a drive. |E) |metabolic rate. |
|C) |an instinct. | | |
|11. Mice are most likely to eat less when they experience ________ levels of ________. |
|A) elevated; leptin B) reduced; glucose C) elevated; orexin D) reduced; ghrelin |
|12. |When an organism's weight rises above its set point, the organism is likely to experience a(n): |
|A) |decrease in both hunger and basal metabolic rate. |
|B) |increase in hunger and a decrease in basal metabolic rate. |
|C) |decrease in hunger and an increase in basal metabolic rate. |
|D) |increase in both hunger and basal metabolic rate. |
|13. |Research on the environmental conditions that influence sexual orientation indicates that: |
|A) |homosexuals are more likely than heterosexuals to have been sexually abused during childhood. |
|B) |homosexuals are more likely than heterosexuals to have been overprotected by their mothers. |
|C) |homosexuals are more likely than heterosexuals to have been raised in a father-absent home. |
|D) |homosexuals are more likely than heterosexuals to have been exposed to a gay or lesbian schoolteacher. |
|E) |the reported backgrounds of homosexuals and heterosexuals are similar. |
|14. About eight months ago, 14-year-old Shelley went on a drastic weight-loss diet that caused her to drop from 110 to 80 |
|pounds. Although she is now dangerously underweight and under-nourished, she continues to think she looks fat. Her frustrated |
|father recently forced her to eat a peanut butter sandwich, but Shelley immediately went to the bathroom and threw it all up. |
|Shelley most clearly suffers from: |
|A) |excess leptin. |D) |hypermetabolism. |
|B) |an abnormally low set point. |E) |anorexia nervosa. |
|C) |bulimia nervosa. | | |
|15. Anorexia patients are most likely to have parents who: |
|A) |have physically or sexually abused their children. |
|B) |are high-achieving and protective. |
|C) |have been recently separated or divorced. |
|D) |are unconcerned about physical appearance and body weight. |
|16. |Theory Y managers are more likely than Theory X managers to: |
|A) |frequently monitor individual employees in order to make sure they are working. |
|B) |discourage employees from critically discussing controversial company policies. |
|C) |give employees a high degree of responsibility for developing their own work procedures. |
|D) |remind employees of the exact deadlines for the completion of work projects. |
|17. |Which profession is most directly involved in the application of psychology's principles to the workplace? |
|A) |social psychology |D) |developmental psychology |
|B) |personality psychology |E) |industrial-organizational psychology |
|C) |cognitive psychology | | |
|18. |Developing assessment tools for selecting and placing employees is of most direct relevance to: |
|A) |social psychology. |D) |human factors psychology. |
|B) |clinical psychology. |E) |personnel psychology. |
|C) |organizational psychology. | | |
|19. |After studying artists who would spend hour after hour painting or sculpting with enormous concentration, Csikszentmihalyi |
| |formulated the concept of: |
|A) |a hierarchy of motives. |D) |360-degree feedback. |
|B) |erotic plasticity. |E) |flow. |
|C) |achievement motivation. | | |
|20. |Participative management is to _______ as directive management is to ________. |
|A) |leniency errors, halo errors |
|B) |Theory Y; Theory X |
|C) |task leadership; social leadership |
|D) |unstructured interviews; structured interviews |
|21. Dr. Thompson is involved in scripting interview questions that will effectively predict job applicants' success in specific|
|work positions. Her work best illustrates that of a(n) ________ psychologist. |
|A) personnel B) organizational C) human factors D) clinical |
|22. |According to Maslow, our need for ________ must be met before we are preoccupied with satisfying our need for ________. |
|A) |love; food |D) |self-actualization; friendship |
|B) |adequate clothing; self-esteem |E) |political freedom; economic security |
|C) |religious fulfillment; adequate housing | | |
|23. |Dr. Milosz electrically stimulates the lateral hypothalamus of a well-fed laboratory rat. This procedure is likely to: |
|A) |cause the rat to begin eating. |
|B) |decrease the rat's basal metabolic rate. |
|C) |facilitate conversion of the rat's blood glucose to fat. |
|D) |permanently lower the rat's set point. |
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