Archaeology and the Bible
[Pages:207]Archaeology and the Bible
In recent years archaeological discoveries in the Near East, particularly in Palestine, have been related in one way or another to the Bible, often in an effort to prove its historical veracity. But newer field methodologies, regional surveys and creative syntheses have called into question this traditional approach. Archaeology and the Bible examines these new developments and discusses what they imply for biblical studies. The book:
? traces the history of the development of Near Eastern archaeology, including the rise and fall of the so-called "biblical archaeology" movement
? describes how field archaeology is actually done so that the reader can visualize how archaeological discoveries are made, recorded and studied
? recounts the broader prehistorical/archaeological horizon out of which the Bible was born
? elucidates how recent archaeological discoveries and theorizing pose serious challenges to the traditional interpretations of such biblical stories as the "Exodus" and the "Conquest"
? explores the implications of new developments in the field for understanding Israelite religion.
Archaeology and the Bible presents a concise yet comprehensive and accessible introduction to biblical archaeology which will be invaluable to students.
John C. H. Laughlin is Professor of Religion and Chairman of the Department of Religion at Averett College. He has excavated at Tel Dan and served as Field Supervisor at the Capernaum excavations. Since 1989, he has been a Field Supervisor at Banias. He has published and lectured widely on the subjects of Near Eastern archaeology and the Bible.
Approaching the Ancient World
Series editor: Richard Stoneman
The sources for the study of the Greek and Roman world are diffuse, diverse, and often complex, and special training is needed in order to use them to the best advantage in constructing a historical picture.
The books in this series provide an introduction to the problems and methods involved in the study of ancient history. The topics covered will range from the use of literary sources for Greek history and for Roman history, through numismatics, epigraphy, and dirt archaeology, to the use of legal evidence and of art and artefacts in chronology. There will also be books on statistical and comparative method and on feminist approaches.
The Uses of Greek Mythology Ken Dowden Art, Artefacts, and Chronology in Classical Archaeology William R. Biers Reading Papyri, Writing Ancient History Roger S. Bagnall Ancient History from Coins Christopher Howgego The Sources of Roman Law O. F. Robinson Cuneiform Texts and the Writing of History Marc van de Mieroop Literary Texts and the Greek Historian Christopher Pelling Literary Texts and the Roman Historian David Potter
Archaeology and the Bible
John C. H. Laughlin
London and New York
First published 2000 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2002.
? 2000 John C. H. Laughlin
The right of John C. H. Laughlin to be identified as the Author of this Work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Laughlin, John C. H. (John Charles Hugh), 1942?
Archaeology and the Bible / John C. H. Laughlin.
p. cm. ? (Approaching the ancient world)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Bible. O. T.?Antiquities. 2. Middle East?Antiquities.
I. Title. II. Series.
BS621.L38 1999
220.9'3 ? dc21
99?19503
CIP
ISBN 0?415?15993?8 (hbk) ISBN 0?415?15994?6 (pbk) ISBN 0?203?01521?5 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0?203?20067?5 (Glassbook Format)
Contents
List of illustrations
vii
Abbreviations
ix
1 Introduction: archaeology and the Bible
1
2 A brief history
3
3 How it's done: an introduction to field work
17
4 The rise of civilization: the Neolithic through
the Early Bronze Age (ca. 8500?2000 BC)
33
5 The Middle Bronze Age (2000?1550 BC)
55
6 The Late Bronze Age (1550?1200 BC)
77
7 Iron Age I (ca.1200?1000 BC)
93
8 Iron Age II (1000?550 BC)
119
Epilogue
155
Notes
157
Bibliography
169
Index
191
Illustrations
2.1 Petrie's "sequence dating" of Tell el-Hesi 3.1 Tel Beth Shan 3.2 Topographic plan of Tel Dan showing areas of
excavation as of 1992 3.3 Archaeological site using the "grid" method 3.4 Excavated section showing tagged layers 3.5 Archaeological site using the "stepped trench" method 3.6 Section drawing showing stratigraphical profile 4.1 Map showing pre-pottery Neolithic sites 4.2 Map showing major Neolithic and Chalcolithic era
pottery sites 4.3 Chalcolithic copper hoard, Judean desert treasure, first
half of the 4th mill. BC, Nahal Mishmar 4.4 Chalcolithic ivory figurines, first half of the 4th mill. BC 4.5 Chalcolithic ossuary 4.6 Map showing Early Bronze Age sites 4.7 EB III pottery typology 5.1 Map showing Middle Bronze Age sites 5.2 Middle Bronze Age rampart wall at Tel Dan 5.3 Middle Bronze Age gate, Tel Dan 5.4 Reconstructed model of Middle Bronze Age gate,
Tel Dan 6.1 Map of Late Bronze Age sites 6.2 Late Bronze Age temple plans, Hazor 6.3 Merneptah stela a) "Israel stela" of Merneptah b) Drawing of Merneptah stela and the name "Israel"
in detail
6 18
20 22 23 24 29 34
36
37 38 39 41 46?47 56 66 67
68 80 83 88 88
89
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